(-)-14-去甲基石杉碱甲的不对称全合成及其乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性老年痴呆症药物石杉碱甲类似物研究VI.(-)-14-去甲基石杉碱甲的不对称全合成及其乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性

目的(-)-14-去甲基石杉碱甲的合成及其抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性研究。方法从β-酮酯3与2-亚甲基-1,3-丙二醇双醋酸酯4在手性膦配体钯催化下,对映选择性的形成双环化合物5,双键移位后得到关键中间体6,进而复结晶富集后,得到光学纯6。经Wittig反应,得双键化合物7,酯基水解后,得到相应酸8。经改良的Curtius重排,产生氨基甲酸酯9。除去保护后,得目标化合物2。结果(-)-14-去甲基石杉碱甲仅是天然(-)-石杉碱甲抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性1/8。结论由电鳐乙酰胆碱酯酶与(-)-石杉碱甲复合物X-射线衍射结构分析揭示,14-甲基与酶形成氢键是(-)-石杉碱甲高抑制活性的一个必要基团。     

Identification and characterization of peptide probes directed against PKCα conformations

Abstract: Phage display is a powerful technology that allows identification of high affinity peptides that bind specifically to a given molecular target. Using a highly complex peptide display library, we have identified separate classes of peptides that bind to protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) only under activation conditions. Furthermore, peptide binding was specific to PKCα and not to any of the other closely related PKC isoforms. The conformational and isoform specificity of the peptide binding was demonstrated using surface plasmon resonance as well as time‐resolved fluorescence assays. Kinase assays showed that these peptides were not direct substrates for PKC nor did they inhibit phosphorylation of PKC substrates. These peptides are most likely directed against protein–protein interaction sites on PKC. The data presented here offers another example of application of phage display technology to identify conformation‐dependent peptide probes against therapeutically important drug targets. These peptides are ideally suited to be used as surrogate ligands to identify compounds that bind specifically to PKCα, as well as conformational probes to detect activated forms of PKCα.     

Albumin binding in uraemia: quantitative assessment of inhibition by endogenous ligands and carbamylation of albumin

Summary The binding capacity of human serum albumin (HSA) for small acidic molecules is known to be reduced in chronic renal failure (CRF). The contribution of competitive inhibition by accumulated endogenous ligands and of structural changes in HSA has now been evaluated. In a fluorimetric in vitro assay using HSA and two dansylated amino acids the inhibitory properties of various endogenous ligands were determined in concentration-effect studies. The effect of carbamylation of HSA on binding was also examined. The mode of inhibition, including binding parameters n and K_a, was determined. Finally, HSA binding in sera from controls and dialysis patients was compared in a modified assay.Thirty three substances were tested and were placed in 3 groups: strong inhibitors (IC₅₀ < 3*10^–5 mol · 1^–1, e. g. indolyl acids, furanoic acids), medium inhibitors (IC₅₀ > 3*10^–5, eg. vanillic acid), and no inhibition (e.g. urea, creatinine, guanidino compounds). Complete ( > 80 %) carbamylation of HSA reduced binding by 67 in a non-competitive mode. There was a significant reduction in the binding capacity of HSA from the dialysis patients ( 24 %), irrespective of medication.It is concluded that the uraemic binding defect of HSA is caused by competitive inhibition by the many physiological ligands accumulated in CRF and structural modifications of HSA. The assay presented proved useful for the rapid analysis of possible HSA binding inhibitors and for testing large groups of patients, e. g. comparison of dialysis treatments, and pharmacological binding studies.     

Toll样受体:免疫治疗的新靶位

Toll样受体 (Toll likereceptors ,TLRs)是新近发现的模式识别受体 ,能识别病原相关分子模式 ,启动炎性应答通路而调节或控制先天与获得性免疫。以TLRs为靶位 ,抑制或激活TLRs表达或调控TLRs信号通路 ,可能是炎性免疫性疾病新的治疗策略     

噬菌体肽库展示的应用及其最新进展

噬菌体肽库展示技术是近年来发展起来的用丝状噬菌体展示外源肽的一项新技术 ,被广泛应用于研究蛋白质与蛋白质之间的相互作用 ,新药的开发等各个领域。该文就该技术的原理、发展历史以及目前的常见应用作一简要概述     

Molecular modeling on kappa opioid receptor and its interaction with nonpeptide kappa opioid agonists 1

目的：研究κ阿片受体及其与非肽类激动剂的作用机制．方法：以细菌视紫红质为模板,模建κ阿片受体七个跨膜区的三维结构;将五个高活性非肽类激动剂对接到螺旋区内,研究作用机制．结果：（１）四氢吡咯环氮原子与Ａｓｐ１３８羧基成氢键;（２）乙酰胺羰基氧与受体Ｓｅｒ１８７间存在氢键作用;（３）与乙酰胺相连的疏水基团处于由Ｖａｌ２３９、Ｖａｌ２３６、Ｐｈｅ２３５、Ｖａｌ２３２、Ｌｅｕ１８６和Ｔｒｐ１８３构成的疏水区域内;（４）激动剂的四氢吡咯环为Ｉｌｅ２９０、Ａｓｐ１３８、Ｉｌｅ１９４、Ｉｌｅ１３５和Ｃｙｓ１３１残基包围．结论：模型将有助于设计新型高效安全的κ阿片受体激动剂．     

Design, synthesis and binding properties of novel and selective 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptor ligands

This work reports the synthesis and the binding tests on the 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptors of new thienopyrimidopiperazine and piperazinylacylaminodimethylthiophene derivatives, in order to identify potent and selective ligands for each receptor. The compound with higher affinity and selectivity for the 5-HT(3) over the 5-HT(4) receptor was the 3-amino-2-(4-benzyl-1-piperazinyl)-5,6-dimethyl-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 28 (5-HT(3) K(i)=3.92 nM, 5-HT(4) not active), the compound with higher affinity and selectivity for the 5-HT(4) over the 5-HT(3) receptor was the 2-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butanoylamino]-4,5-dimethyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 41 (5-HT(4) K(i)=81.3 nM, 5-HT(3) not active). Conformational analyses were carried out on the compounds of the piperazinylacylaminodimethylthiophene series (39-42) taking compound 41 as the template.     

Glucocorticoids and the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 present in the tumor microenvironment induce PD-1 expression on human natural killer cells

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Yeast display of MHC-II enables rapid identification of peptide ligands from protein antigens (RIPPA)

CD4⁺ T cells orchestrate adaptive immune responses via binding of antigens to their receptors through specific peptide/MHC-II complexes. To study these responses, it is essential to identify protein-derived MHC-II peptide ligands that constitute epitopes for T cell recognition. However, generating cells expressing single MHC-II alleles and isolating these proteins for use in peptide elution or binding studies is time consuming. Here, we express human MHC alleles (HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ6) as native, noncovalent αβ dimers on yeast cells for direct flow cytometry-based screening of peptide ligands from selected antigens. We demonstrate rapid, accurate identification of DQ6 ligands from pre-pro-hypocretin, a narcolepsy-related immunogenic target. We also identify 20 DR4-binding SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides homologous to SARS-CoV-1 epitopes, and one spike peptide overlapping with the reported SARS-CoV-2 epitope recognized by CD4⁺ T cells from unexposed individuals carrying DR4 subtypes. Our method is optimized for immediate application upon the emergence of novel pathogens.