腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的手术指征、手术时机和手术技巧.方法 对265例急性结石性胆囊炎施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术.结果 239例成功,26例中转.结论 腹腔镜治疗急性结石性胆囊炎是安全可靠的手术方式.     

经蓝碟(LapDisc)手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床效果。方法 应用LapDisc手助腹腔镜技术完成27例结直肠癌根治术。结果 手术全部成功，无一例中转开腹。手术时间90～260min，平均140min。术中出血50～200ml，平均110ml。术后无死亡及吻合口漏等并发症。随访6～23个月，平均8．6月，未见切口种植复发。结论 手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治具有安全、创伤小、术后恢复快及降低标准腹腔镜手术难度等优点，值得临床推广应用。     

胆囊结石合并胆管结石微创治疗方案的选择

目的探讨胆囊结石合并继发胆道结石微创治疗的合理方案。方法108例胆囊结石合并可疑胆道继发结石均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC），其中腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管胆道探查取石（laparoscopic transcyctic common bile duct exploration，LTCBDE）＋LC70例，腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开胆道取石（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE）＋LC35例，其中放T管14例，不放T管21例，内镜乳头肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy，EST）术后行胆囊切除3例。结果LCBDE＋LC术后放T管组中有1例胆漏经保守治疗治愈，4例术后胆道造影发现胆道残余结石经胆道镜取出结石治愈．其他病例无胆漏，术后3月复查B超无残余胆道结石，所有病例术后无胰腺炎发作。结论在胆囊结石继发胆道结石的治疗中合理选择多种微创手术方法能降低创伤及减少并发症的发生。     

上尿路梗阻性急性肾功能不全内、外引流的选择

目的探讨内、外引流在上尿路梗阻急性肾功能不全时的选择和效果。方法25例各种原因引起的上尿路梗阻（15例肿瘤性梗阻,10例非肿瘤性梗阻）合并急性肾功能不全,分别或先后对12例行输尿管内置双J管（doub le J,D J）内引流15次,对19例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘（percutaneous nephrectomy,PCN）外引流23次。结果引流成功23例,PCN外引流成功率86.9%（20/23）,双J管内引流成功率60.0%（9/15）,PCN术后继发出血1例。结论对于盆腹腔进展期或广泛转移肿瘤导致的梗阻,PCN解除梗阻优于输尿管支架内引流;非肿瘤性梗阻宜先尝试D J内引流。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中腹腔引流管的应用体会

目的：总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）中腹腔引流管的临床应用经验。方法：回顾分析2001年1月至2006年6月1650例LC患者的临床资料。结果：1650例中1487例（90.1%）术中未放置腹腔引流管,恢复顺利,放置腹腔引流管的163例中159例（97.5%）引流管无明显液体引出,或仅有少量腹腔冲洗液,术后24～48h拔除,康复好,4例患者术后发生胆漏。结论：应严格掌握放置腹腔引流管的指征,多数LC术中不放置腹腔引流管是合理可行的,更有利于患者的康复。     

气压弹道碎石联合胆道镜技术配合手术治疗肝胆管多发结石

目的探讨应用经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石技术联合经胆道镜等离子碎石技术配合传统技术治疗弥漫性、多发性肝胆管结石的手术方法,以期提高净石率和手术疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2002年9月～2005年1月采用经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石技术联合经胆道镜等离子碎石技术配合传统技术治疗肝胆管结石35例的临床资料。结果本组净石率为91.42%。获得随访的25例近期生活质量良好,远期疗效尚待观察。结论双镜配合手术治疗复杂肝内胆管结石充分发挥了各自的优势,手术效果较好。     

基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术1 696例的治疗体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜在基层医院普及开展的可行性和主要并发症的预防.方法:回顾分析1999年6月至2006年5月我院1 696例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料.结果:1 696例LC成功 1 635例,中转开腹61例,中转率3.6%,发生并发症17例,其中胆管损伤1例,腹腔内出血2例,胆漏2例,腹腔感染1例,胆管残石3例,遗漏腹腔内病变6例,上消化道出血2例.结论:LC在基层医院的开展日益成熟,成为治疗胆囊良性疾患的"金标准".术前注意鉴别诊断,术中操作轻柔,辨明胆囊三角结构,能避免严重并发症的发生.     

腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果。方法2003年7月-2005年8月我院有18例胆囊并胆总管结石手术先行腹腔镜胆囊切除，然后切开胆总管用胆道镜探查，取出胆总管结石。结果1例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹，17例均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆道镜胆总管探查术。结论腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果可靠。     

LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: THE EXPERIENCE OF A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL

Background: The practice of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a community hospital is presented. The morbidity of the procedure is analysed and recommendations for improvement are made. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was introduced into this 200 bed community hospital in October 1990. All five general surgeons accredited to the hospital agreed to participate in a quality assurance programme to determine the incidence of complications and to make recommendations for improvement. Methods: The records of all 534 patients having laparoscopic cholecystectomy between October 1990 and September 1993 were reviewed, and all complications recorded. Results: Of the 534 cases reviewed in the study 470 were considered uncomplicated and 64 patients experienced a total of 85 postoperative complications. The death of one patient was caused by a pulmonary embolus and another patient experienced a myocardial infarction. Twenty patients has postoperative atelectasis or pneumonia and urinary infection or retention occurred in seven. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy requiring a conversion to open cholecystectomy occurred in eight patients, biliary complications occurred in 18 and 11 patients required re-operation. Conclusions: Three areas of concern were identified. They were the incidence of major biliary injury (0.37% of all cases) and its management, the role of cholangiography. and the incidence and prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Recommendations for improvement in these areas were made.     

Laparoscopic salpingectomy in tubal pregnancy: prospective randomized trial using endoloop versus electrocautery

AIM: Ectopic pregnancy is conventionally managed by laparoscopic salpingectomy. Electrocautery has been used widely to secure hemostasis during salpingectomy. However, this method is associated with a risk of thermal injury to the visceral organs. Endoloop, a pre-tied suture used in laparoscopic surgery may be an alternative treatment tool and its potential use in the management of ectopic pregnancy is explored here. Our study aims to compare the effectiveness of the endoloop technique to electrocautery during laparoscopic salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted over 24 months at the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. One hundred and two patients with tubal pregnancy were randomized into two treatment groups: those treated with endoloop and those treated with electrocautery during laparoscopic salpingectomy. RESULTS: The use of an endoloop was associated with a shorter operating time (48.85 min +/- 21.019 vs 61.14 min +/- 22.603, 95% CI -20.864 to -3.724), lower visual analog scores for postoperative pain at day 1 (2.02 +/- 0.960 vs 2.74 +/- 0.828, 95% CI -1.074 to -0.368) and day 7 (0.85 +/- 0.802 vs 1.44 +/- 0.837, 95% CI -0.916 to -0.272), and lesser total analgesia required by patients at day 7 after the operation (7.65 +/- 6.119 vs 15.32 +/- 8.326, 95% CI -10.529 to -4.804). There was no significant difference in the ability to secure hemostasis when both techniques were compared. Duration of hospitalization (2.37 days +/- 0.817 vs 2.34 days +/- 0.519, 95% CI -0.245 to -0.296) and interval from operation to discharge were similar. CONCLUSION: The endoloop appeared to be as effective as electrocautery and is a safe alternative to electrocautery for laparoscopic salpingectomy in tubal pregnancy.