Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory performance in workers exposed to grain and grain based food dusts

A health surveillance study of male grain food manufacturingworkers used a respiratory health questionnaire and spirometryto assess the prevalence of work-related respiratory symptomsand impaired ventilatory performance. The prevalence of cough,breathlessness, wheeze and chest tightness was between 8–13%but was 20% for rhinitis. Rhinitis was the most common symptomwith 37% of those reporting rhinitis describing this as work-related.A case-control analysis of workers reporting rhinitis did notidentify any specific occupational activities associated withincreased risk of rhinitis. Smoking habit and all respiratorysymptoms apart from rhinitis had a significant effect upon ventilatoryperformance. Occupational exposure to raw grains, flour, ingredientsand finished food was categorized as high, medium or low ineither continuous or intermediate patterns. Multiple regressionanalysis confirmed the effects of height, age and smoking uponventilatory performance. However, occupational exposure to grain,flour, food ingredients and cooked food dusts had no effectupon ventilatory performance. It is concluded that smoking habitis the major determinant of respiratory symptoms and impairedventilatory function. The excess complaints of rhinitis warrantfurther study but it would appear that the current occupationalexposure limits for grain, flour, food ingredients and cookedfood dusts are adequate to protect workers against impairmentof ventilatory performance.     

中药五加皮抗肿瘤作用体内外实验研究

目的：分离中药五加皮抗肿瘤活性物质,研究五加皮提取物在体内外的抗肿瘤细胞作用,为五加皮抗肿瘤新药开发、研制提供依据。经皮下注射肿瘤细胞建立荷瘤小鼠动物模型,通过灌胃给药检测五加皮提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用。方法：用^3H—TdR掺入法测定了肿瘤细胞增殖反应;用凝胶层析法初步分离、纯化了五加皮抗肿瘤成分。结果：五加皮提取物对多种组织来源的肿瘤细胞增殖有较强的抑制作用(P<0．01),而且有较好的量效关系。五加皮提取物经口投入荷瘤小鼠后,实验组小鼠一般情况较对照组小鼠好,肿瘤生长较慢,生存期明显延长(P<0．01)。经凝胶层析分析,分离得到一种对肿瘤细胞增殖反应有抑制作用的蛋白质成分,分子量为64kda。结论：中药五加皮不仅在体外对多种肿瘤细胞增殖有抑制作用,在体内也有较好的抗肿瘤效果。其抗肿瘤活性与一种分子量为64kda的蛋白质成分有关,该成分的进一步分离、纯化和作用机理研究,对五加皮抗肿瘤作用的临床应用和新药开发提供科学依据。     

道地药材"道地性"与其活性成分关系

"道地药材"或称"地道药材",是具有中国特色的、对特定产区的名优正品药材的特称。它们在保证医药质量,保障药材供给方面具有不可低估的作用。不同产地的同种药材,其活性成分的种类及含量均有所不同,从而导致其药效的差异。本文列举并分析了几个对不同产地同种药材的活性成分的研究结果,充分展示了道地药材与其活性成分间的密切关系,部分地揭示了道地药材的内涵。     

The surface effect of dentifrices

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically three commercially available dentifrices and to determine any surface effects on tooth or gingival surfaces. Sixty‐four participants were included in this study and were allocated randomly to one of four treatment groups by an independent person to ensure the investigators were unaware of the brushing material used. All toothbrushes and dentifrices were distributed by this independent person. The treatment groups were: Group 1‐ brush with water; Group 2 ‐ brush with colgate (Baking Soda nad Peroxide); Group 3‐ brush with Colgate (Sensation Whitening). All participants were requested to brush both morning and evening in their customary fashion using only the designated toothpaste, or water, for four weeks. All participants were required to use the same toothbrush type. No other oral hygiene products such as mouth rinses or dental floss were used during the trial period. Prior to commencement of the brushing period, all participants received a full clinical examination recording the status of the soft and hard tissues including a ginginval index (Löe and Silness) to record gingival condition. A polyvinyl siloxane impression was taken of the six anterior teeth and gingival tissues at the commencement of the trial. After four weeks, a second full clinical examination was made and further silicone impressions were taken of the anterior teeth. All impressions were cast in epoxy resin for investigation with light and electron microscopy. Participants were also asked to answer a questionnaire relating to the toothpaste used. The results of this study indicated that no significant clinical differences were recorded for any dentifrice or water and there was no significant difference in gingival index scores over the four week period. Patient responses to each dentifrice varied according to individual patient preferences and expectations and no consistent findings could be determined. Light and electron microscopy indicated that tooth and gingival surface changes that occurred over the four week period with any of the dentifrices were similar to, and not significantly different from, changes seen with the use of water alone. These results indicate that none of the dentifrices tested was harmful to teeth or soft tissues.     

胆囊胆固醇息肉与胆固醇结石的胆汁成分比较

目的分析胆囊胆固醇结石与胆固醇息肉病人的胆囊胆汁成分,探讨胆固醇结石和胆固醇息肉形成中各种成分的差异。方法测定20例胆囊胆固醇息肉（息肉组）、20例胆囊胆固醇结石（结石组）和10例非肝胆疾病（对照组）的胆囊胆汁成分。采用HITACHI-7060全自动生化分析仪测定总胆汁酸（TBA）、磷脂（PL）和总胆固醇（TC）;氨基己糖比色法测定糖蛋白;ORION-720A型数字离子酸度计测定游离Ca^2＋浓度及pH值;Agilent-1100高效液相色谱分析仪测定8种结合胆汁酸的含量。结果息肉组和结石组TC[（14.0±0.5）mmol/L,（18.6±1.2）mmol/L]、CSI（1.217±0.039,1.565±0.087）、三羟/二羟胆汁酸比值（0.702±0.084,0.763±0.060）均显著高于对照组TC（9.1±0.8）mmol/L、CSI（0.812±0.075）、三羟/二羟胆汁酸比值（0.585±0.067）（P〈0.05）,而且上述指标结石组显著高于息肉组（P〈0.05）。2组TBA含量分别为（110.7±14.8）mmol/L、（105.8±16.5）mmol/L,显著低于对照组（137.6±33.1）mmol/L（P〈0.05）。结石组糖蛋白（1.8±0.2）mmol/L、游离Ca^2＋（2.2±0.3）mmol/L及pH值（7.9±0.3）显著高于息肉组和对照组糖蛋白（0.6±0.1）mmol/L,（0.7±0.1）mmol/L、游离Ca^2＋（1.2±0.2）mmol/L,（1.1±0.1）mmol/L、pH值（7.0±0.1）,（6.9±0.2）（P〈0.05）。结石组甘氨胆酸（G）/牛磺胆酸（T）比值（2.777±0.217）显著低于息肉组（3.624±0.465）和对照组（3.960±0.377）（P〈0.05）;结石组和息肉组PL/TBA（0.311±0.044,0.292±0.036）显著高于对照组（0.241±0.082）（P〈0.05）。结论胆囊胆汁中总胆汁酸含量的降低和总胆固醇浓度的升高,是形成胆固醇结石和胆固醇息肉的共同因素。结合胆汁酸构成比例、pH值、糖蛋白及游离钙离子浓度在胆囊胆固醇息肉及结石的胆汁中存在差别。     

具有神经保护活性的中药治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

缺血性脑卒中（IS）是一种常见的以中老年人为主要发病人群的脑血管疾病，已成为危害人类生命的一项重大挑战，给社会经济带来沉重负担。具有神经保护的中药活性成分及其复方基于其多靶点模式发挥多重有益作用，包括保护血脑屏障、抑制神经炎症、抗氧化应激等，对IS有巨大的治疗潜力和良好的应用前景。     

薄荷属资源的研究与开发利用概况

薄荷属植物是一种用途广泛的传统中药材，同时也具有较高的经济价值，被广泛应用到食品、日用品、烟草、香料等领域，有必要作进一步的研究和开发。     

红芪中的无机元素及其与药效活性成分关系的研究进展

红芪是甘肃特色中药材之一,应用广泛。红芪的临床疗效与其所含有的药效活性成分含量有关,其中红芪多糖、毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素和芒柄花苷等可以被看作红芪主要的药效活性成分。红芪中的无机元素种类多,且含量随红芪生长呈规律性变化,并且能影响红芪药效活性成分的积累。对红芪研究中发现的无机元素、主要药效活性成分及一些无机元素与药效活性成分之间的关系进行综述,旨在为提高红芪栽培质量和更好发挥红芪药效作用提供参考。     

三阴方治疗三阴性乳腺癌的临床疗效与药理学研究

目的：探讨三阴方治疗晚期三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）的临床疗效、活性成分及作用机制。方法：选取2018年3月至2019年10月中国中医科学院广安门医院收治的Ⅳ期TNBC患者52例作为研究对象,均给予三阴方,每日1剂,观察患者的无进展生存期（PFS）和临床疗效。依托中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台（TCMSP）检索并筛选三阴方的有效成分和作用靶标,应用GeneGards数据库对三阴性乳腺癌靶标进行检索进而构建成分靶点网络、构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络,并对靶标进行基因本体（GO）功能富集分析、京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析,构建靶点-通路网络图。结果：经三阴方治疗后,患者的中位PFS为（8.64±1.87）个月,客观缓解率为34.6%,疾病控制率为82.7%,卡氏评分和FACT-B评分均有改善,疗效显著。网络药理学研究共筛选出三阴方与三阴性乳腺癌重合靶标110个,GO及KEGG富集分析预测出与疾病相关的多条作用通路。结论：三阴方是治疗晚期三阴性乳腺癌的有效方剂,可延长患者的PFS,提高临床疗效及生命质量。本研究预测三阴方治疗晚期三阴性乳腺癌的主要活性成分为黄酮类及甾醇类化合物,主要调节靶标是AKT1、MAPK1、RELA,可能通过作用于PI3K-AKT、TNF、p53等信号通路对晚期三阴性乳腺癌起到治疗作用。