颈动脉支架植入术后谵妄风险列线图模型构建

目的 分析与提取颈动脉支架植入术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 统计350例颈动脉狭窄支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率,行单因素和多因素分析获得术后患者谵妄相关危险因素,基此构建列线图预测模型,采用校正曲线和ROC曲线评估其准确度和区分度.结果 60例术后发生谵妄,发生率17.14％;高龄、术前NIHSS评分和术前焦虑是术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素(均P＜0.05);由3项独立危险因素构建的谵妄风险列线图预测模型,预测曲线和观察曲线基本吻合,AUC=0.888.结论 颈动脉支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率较高;高龄、术前焦虑及脑卒中倾向是术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素;构建的列线图预测模型具有较好的准确度和区分度,可提高筛选效能.     

山羊颈椎次全切除减压非融合后生物力学特性

目的 探讨山羊颈椎次全切除减压非融合后生物力学特性.方法 选取成年雄性山羊6只造模(模型组),术前行颈椎X线检查,排除骨性结构异常,并测量节段性Cobb角(SCA)和颈椎Cobb角(CCA)于C4行颈椎次全切除术,并植入可动人工颈椎(ACV).术后行颈椎正侧位X线检查,再次测量SCA和CCA.术后6个月处死山羊,并以6只正常山羊作为对照组.取新鲜颈椎标本,采用MTS生物材料测试机和NDI Optotrak Certus光电子三维运动捕捉系统测量C2/C3、C3/C4、C4/C5、C2/C5节段的活动度(ROM).结果 模型组山羊术前SCA和CCA分别为10.8°±0.9°和21.8°±0.5°,植入ACV后SCA和CCA分别为10.7°±0.9°和21.5°±1.5°,2组手术前后SCA和CCA差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6个月,模型组与对照组山羊新鲜颈椎标本C2/C3、C3/C4、C4/C5、C2/C5的ROM测量结果显示,C2/C3左侧曲、C3/C4右侧曲和右旋、C4/C5前屈和左旋、C2/C5右旋组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他方向ROM组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 ACV能在椎体次全切除术后重建山羊颈椎高度且对相应节段的脊髓无损伤,但在某些方向上ROM不足或偏大,仍需进一步改进.     

Successful management of severe manifestation bone cemented implantation syndrome during hemiarthroplasty surgery in patient with multiple comorbidities: A case report

IntroductionBone Cement Implantation Syndrome (BCIS) is a lethal condition with complex physiological changes after the insertion of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) cement during intraoperative arthroplasty. Despite the etiology and the pathophysiology of BCIS has not been fully understood, several mechanisms have been discovered. Some clinical manifestations of BCIS are hypotension, hypoxemia, a decrease of consciousness, arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac arrest.Presentation of caseA 67 years old woman underwent cemented hemiarthroplasty operation due to intertrochanteric fracture in her right femur. The hemodynamic was stable before and during operation, but suddenly the patient went into cardiac arrest as the cement inserted. Immediate resuscitation was performed successfully and stable hemodynamic was achieved.DiscussionSeveral risk factors including underlying cardiovascular disease, advanced age, osteoporosis (enlarged porous cavities increase the risk of emboli generation), fracture type, metastatic bone disease, femoral canal diameter of more than 21 mm, previously non-instrumented femoral canal, and patent foramen ovale (paradoxical embolus). Some studies have shown usage of H1 and H2 antagonists, methylprednisolone, inotropes, vasopressor, and some alterations in surgical technique, can prevent the progression of the BCIS. Communication between the orthopaedic surgeon and anesthesiologist and high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will become a good basis in treating BCIS.ConclusionPreoperative optimization by increasing oxygen inspiration concentration, usage of inotropes and vasopressor, and avoiding intravascular volume depletion during operation is essential in cemented arthroplasty procedure. Both orthopaedic surgeon and anesthesiologist should recognize the clinical presentation of BCIS and well-prepared for the management of BCIS including any supportive measures.     

Biofluid Aspects of Embryo Transfer

Embryo transfer (ET) is the last stage of extracorporal fertilization during which the embryo is placed in the uterine cavity with a medium-filled catheter 2–3 days after in vitro fertilization. While fertilization in the laboratory occurs at very high rates (>:90%), the overall success of the procedure (i.e., take home baby) is still very low (<25%) and assumed to be mainly due to implantation failure. A computational model was developed to simulate ET within the uterine cavity by a fluid-filled catheter inserted into a two-dimensional channel with oscillating walls. The results showed that the speed at which the embryos are injected from the catheter dominates the procedure and controls the velocity of their transport within the uterine cavity. ET at excessively high injection speeds may lead to ectopic pregnancies, while uterine peristalsis affects transverse dispersion only during injection at low injection speeds. The presence of the catheter within the uterus does not affect flow patterns downstream of its tip. The potential risks to implantation failure due to mechanical factors involved in the ET processes are discussed. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8719-j, 8710+e     

pSVPoMcat微基因修饰雪旺细胞移植对损伤脊髓功能恢复的影响

目的观察pSVPoMcat微基因修饰雪旺细胞(SC)移植对损伤脊髓功能恢复的影响. 方法采用切割法制备脊髓半横断损伤模型(T8平面),实验动物随机植入pSVPoMcat微基因的 SC组(A组)、SC组(B组)和明胶海绵组(C组),每组10只.用皮层体感诱发电位(CSEP) 及图像分析方法比较各组间诱发电位潜伏期、波幅,再生轴突计数.同时,行电镜观察及联合行为(CBS)记分. 结果 A,B两组潜伏期和波幅呈恢复趋势,且A组已接近正常,与CBS结果一致.再生轴突计数A组为388±163,B组为109±16(P＜0.01),与电镜观察一致. 结论 pSVPoMcat微基因修饰SC移植对脊髓损伤(SCI)后的神经功能恢复有明显的促进作用.     

基因修饰细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的电生理评价

目的：采用神经电生理检查方法,观察逆转录病毒载体介导脑源性神经营养因子（ＢＤＮＦ）基因修饰成肌细胞对损伤脊髓的治疗作用。方法：３０只ＳＤ大鼠在Ｔ９水平制成脊髓横断损伤模型,并随机分为基因细胞组（Ａ组）、成肌细胞组（Ｂ组）及损伤对照组（Ｃ组）,每组１０只大鼠。术后３个月,采用皮质体感诱发电位（ＣＳＥＰ）和运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）等电生理检测技术,观察轴突是否有再生及其神经功能恢复程度。结果：（１）Ａ组     

冻干人硬脑膜用于修补硬脑膜缺损和血管内栓塞治疗的临床观察

目的：探讨用冻干人硬脑膜行硬脑膜成硬脊膜缺损修补和血管内栓塞治疗的效果。方法：用冻干人硬脑膜修补因脑肿瘤、脑外伤、脊髓内肿瘤手术引起的硬脑膜或硬脊膜缺损,并不同规格的的冻干人硬脑膜微粒或微丝行靶血管栓塞。结果：（１）冻干人硬脑膜用于硬脑或硬脊膜缺损修补患者２２９例,无颅仙感染等并发症,用于血管内栓塞靶血管２８例,可明显减少或闭塞颅内肿瘤的血供。结论：冻干人厝脑膜是一种较为理想的硬脑膜缺损修补和血管     

功能状态下即刻颌骨内植入种植体的实验研究

目的 探讨功能负荷状态下即刻颌骨内植入种植体的骨整合。方法 选择３种不同种植体采用即刻拔牙后植入５只犬的下颌两个前磨牙及第一磨牙的牙槽窝内,分别于术后２、４、８、１２、２４周取同标本,作Ｘ线、光镜、扫描电镜观察。结果 ３个月时所有种植体均已达到完善骨整合,成骨量和骨小梁排列方向与Ｈｅ力负荷方向一致。结论 功能负荷即刻植入种植体有利于缩短疗程,节省费用,提高种植成功率。     

单侧唇腭裂的牙槽突裂植骨修复术

目的 :对唇腭裂中牙槽突裂患者应用牙槽突植骨术治疗后进行临床评价。方法 :利用髂骨松质骨移植于唇腭裂患者所形成的口鼻腔瘘之间。结果 :3年来临床应用该方法 ,治疗 2 3例牙槽突裂患者 ,其中 1 4例术后随诊 6个月以上 ,临床观察牙槽突裂已修复 ,X光显示骨密度同正常骨质。结论 :牙槽突植骨术是唇腭裂序列治疗的一个组成部分 ,为恢复上腭牙弓完整性。保证裂隙临近牙的萌出 ,提供稳固的上颌牙弓 ,增加鼻翼高度 ,改善鼻翼外形 ,均有重大的意义