检测肾小球滤过功能的新方法——血清巯基蛋白酶抑制肽C

目的探讨测定血清巯基蛋白酶抑制肽C(CysC)的方法并评价其检测肾小球滤过功能的价值。方法对照组 2 1例、患者 10 7例 ,用全自动生化分析仪检测CysC、血清肌酐 (Scr)、尿肌酐 ,计算肌酐清除率 (Ccr)。根据Ccr将患者分成 4组。CysC用颗粒增强透射免疫比浊法 ,肌酐用肌氨酸氧化酶 PAP法测定。结果对照组CysC浓度为 1 2 5± 0 14mg/L ,患者组CysC随Ccr下降而升高 ,各组间差异显著 (P <0 0 0 1)。CysC与Ccr的相关性优于Scr与Ccr的相关性。CysC与性别、年龄无相关 ,而Scr男性显著高于女性 (P <0 0 0 1)。受试者工作特征 (ROC)曲线分析 ,CysC区别正常或异常肾功能的准确性较高 ,优于Scr。结论检测肾小球滤过功能CysC较Scr更好 ,不受年龄、性别的影响 ;本法可大批量、快速、准确测定 ,适于临床常规应用。     

乌司他丁对体外循环心脏手术凝血功能的影响

目的 对比研究乌司他丁对体外循环(CPB)心脏手术患者凝血功能的影响。方法 36例CPB心脏手术患者随机分为3组:试验1组术中应用乌司他丁30万~(KIU);试验2组应用乌司他丁60万~(KIU);对照组除不应用乌司他丁外其它治疗与两试验组相同。动态监测所有患者的凝血因子XI促凝活性(FXI:C)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性(AT—Ⅲ:A)和D—二聚体的水平变化;记录3组患者术后住院期间输血量、术后引流量。结果 3组患者术前上述参数组间比较均差异无显著意义(P>0.05);CPB结束和术后6h,试验2组 FXI:C明显高于其它两组(P<0.05);3组AT—Ⅲ:A无显著性差异(P>0.05);从CPB结束至术后24h,试验1组D—二聚体明显高于试验2组(P<0.05),且从术后6h至术后72h两试验组均明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);两试验组术后引流量及输血量均明显少于对照组(P<0.01),且两试验组之间比较P<0.05。结论 大剂量乌司他丁能较好地保护凝血因子活性,抑制继发性纤溶亢进,从而减少心脏手术后患者的出血量和住院期间的输血量。     

Calcaneus Bone Mineral Density is Lower Among Men and Women with Lower Physical Performance

Fracture risk is influenced by both bone strength and by falls. Measures of physical function and performance are predictors of falls. However, the interrelationships among bone mineral density (BMD), regular physical activity, and measures of physical performance are not well known. We studied 447 community-dwelling Japanese people aged 40 years and over (96 men and 351 women) to examine the association of calcaneus BMD with measures of physical performance (grip strength, walking speed, chair stand, and functional reach) and regular physical activity. Calcaneus BMD decreased with age by approximately 25% in men and 42% in women. Measures of physical performance decreased with age by approximately 30% in both genders, however, performance on the chair stand test declined by approximately 60%. There were only minimal differences in performance measures and calcaneus BMD between people with and those without regular physical activity in both genders, and most differences were not significant. However, there were significant BMD increases of 3–6% per standard deviation (SD) increase in all performance measures for women and a 7% increase in BMD per SD increase in grip strength for men, after adjusting for age. These associations remained after additional adjustment for body mass index and regular physical activity. These findings suggest that bone density and physical function decline markedly in both men and women with age, and that low BMD and poor function tend to occur together, which would increase fracture risk more than either risk factor alone. Received: 9 August 1999 / Accepted: 4 February 2000     

Calcium-Induced Natriuresis: Physiologic and Clinical Implications

Assessment of the tubular reabsorption of calcium (Ca) by infusion is complicated by suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, and by activation of the serpentine Ca sensing receptor in the renal tubule, which inhibits Ca and sodium reabsorption, but little is known about the magnitude of the natriuretic effect of Ca in human subjects. Accordingly, we reanalyzed the relationship between serum Ca and urine Ca and sodium excretion expressed per unit of creatinine clearance (CaE and NaE), and per unit of time (UCa and UNa), during a standard Ca infusion, in 14 healthy volunteers and in 8 primary hyperparathyroid patients. In healthy subjects we observed a large effect of Ca infusion on NaE, which rose as high as 8 mmol/liter GFR. In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism both CaE and NaE during Ca infusion were significantly lower overall than in healthy subjects for comparable values of serum Ca (P < 0.05 by covariance analysis), due mainly to a decline or reversal of the slopes at the highest serum Ca levels. In both controls and primary hyperparathyroid subjects the variance of CaE as dependent variable was explained by both serum Ca and by NaE as independent variables (P < 0.001). We conclude that (1) The natriuretic effect of hypercalcemia was unexpected large and if maintained would lead to substantial depletion of extracellular fluid. (2) Patients with chronic hypercalcemia, including primary hyperparathyroidism, probably have mild sodium depletion, and are more susceptible to volume depletion. (3) Calcium reabsorption during Ca infusion is reduced by suppression of PTH secretion and increased by volume contraction due to sodium depletion. Discrimination between different basal levels of parathyroid function is successful because these effects usually cancel out. (4) The increase in tubular reabsorption of Ca due to volume contraction can initiate a vicious circle, of importance to the pathogenesis and treatment of severe hypercalcemia. Received: 11 May 1999 / Accepted: 13 January 2000     

“非典”患者康复出院6个月后免疫功能分析

目的 :检测和分析“非典”患者康复出院半年后的免疫功能。方法 :对 2 8例“非典”康复者出院半年后外周血分别进行免疫功能 :免疫球蛋白、补体、T淋巴细胞亚群检测和分析。结果 :“非典”患者康复出院后 6个月后免疫功能免疫球蛋白、补体、T淋巴细胞亚群检测值和对照组比较差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :SARS患者出院 6个月后虽仍存在不同程度的免疫功能异常 ,但与正常对照组比较无显著性差异。其免疫功能异常的原因可能与疾病本身、有基础病及年龄高有关。     

益苷颗粒剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：研究益苷颗粒剂对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及血清溶血素含量的影响。方法：参照有关文献，计数巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的指数及检测对血清溶血素的含量的影响，评定益苷颗粒荆对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果：益苷颗粒剂能明显提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬指数及血清溶血素的含量。结论：益苷颗粒剂可以提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

参麦注射液对盲肠结扎并穿孔致脓毒症大鼠的免疫调节作用

目的　探讨参麦注射液对盲肠结扎并穿孔 (CLP)引发脓毒症的免疫调节作用。方法　将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、CLP组、参麦组和生理盐水组 ,采用直接放射免疫分析法及酶联免疫吸附法分别测定血清皮质醇及肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF -α)含量 ,并行中性粒细胞(PMN)吞噬功能测定及白细胞移行抑制实验 (MIT)。结果　参麦注射液可提高PMN的吞噬率及改善胸腺指数、白细胞移行抑制指数 ,减少TNF -α过度释放 ,改善血清皮质醇水平。结论参麦注射液对盲肠结扎并穿孔引发脓毒症有免疫调节作用     

缬沙坦治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的研究

目的　探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂 (缬沙坦 )对慢性充血性心力衰竭心功能的影响。方法　将 76例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者随机分为 2组 ,2组均给予常规抗心力衰竭治疗 ,治疗组在此基础上给予缬沙坦 80mg口服 ,每日 1次 ,连用 12周 ,观察治疗前后 2组患者血压、心率、心功能及心力衰竭住院率。结果　治疗 12周后治疗组心功能明显改善 ,心力衰竭住院率显著下降。结论　缬沙坦能改善心力衰竭患者的心功能 ,并降低心力衰竭患者的住院率。     

白术对抗体形成细胞的作用研究

目的：观察白术对小鼠抗体形成细胞的作用。方法：用100％浓度白术浸出液定期给小鼠灌胃，然后检测小鼠抗体产生能力．特异玫瑰花环结形成细胞检测(SRFC)、血清IgG检测。结果：用药组以上三项免疫学指标均增高，结论：白术有明显促进抗体形成细胞的作用。     

水飞蓟宾构象的理论研究

目的 水飞蓟宾RRRR对映体分子中存在多个可变的二面角，可以产生许多立体构象，旨在从理论上寻找其合理构象。方法 采用二面角系统搜索后，结合AM1方法确定主要构象，以B3LYP／6—31G*方法优化构型后，在B3LYP／3—21G水平计算了振动频率和热力学参数。结果 得到了各二面角的分布情况，找出了主要的局部构象，明确了C9-C11和C18-C22旋转主要引起分子构象变化，4种主要构象能量差异较小，都有存在的可能性，二面角C19-C18-C22-C32和C8-C9-C11-C16变化的能量曲线表明，C9-C11旋转的能垒很小，受C19的羟甲基影响，C18-C22旋转能垒较大。结论 水飞蓟宾RRRR对映体主要以4种构象的形式存在。