Immunorecognition in the freshwater bivalve, Corbicula fluminea. II. Isolation and characterization of a plasma opsonin with hemagglutinating activity

Opsonizing and agglutinating activities of plasma from the freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea, were found to be inhibited by the sugars, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (deoxy-Glu) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). The plasma opsonin/agglutinin was subsequently isolated by a two-step separation procedure. Aldehyde-fixed rabbit erythrocytes (RRBC) were used as a solid-phase plasma opsonin affinity absorbant, and deoxyGlu and GalNAc were used in the eluting buffer to desorb several RRBC-binding plasma proteins. The second step involved the further separation of sugar-eluted proteins by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. A plasma protein with an apparent molecular weight of 40 kd on SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions was found to possess both agglutinating and opsonizing activities. It was further shown to be composed of two identical 20 kd subunits associated through disulfide linkage(s). Although this protein shares some structural similarity with other bivalve opsonins, differences in native molecular size or subunit structure, agglutinating properties and/or sugar binding specificity support the current hypothesis that naturally occurring plasma opsonins of molluscs represent a heterogeneous group of proteins unified primarily through their lectin-like characteristic of binding specific carbohydrate determinants.     

重组结核分支杆菌38000蛋白的理化特征与细胞免疫功能

目的：探讨重组38000蛋白在结核病流行病调查和亚单位疫苗研制中的应用前景。方法：等电点测定，肽图分析和圆二色光谱分析研究重组38000蛋白的理化性质；豚鼠皮试，MTT法测外周血单核细胞增殖和巨噬细胞吞噬探讨重组38000蛋白在细胞免疫中所起的作用。结果：重组38000蛋白是酸性蛋白，其等电点为4．67，肽图分析表明其碱性氨基酸的数量与理论一致；重组38000蛋白的二级结构由α－螺旋（32．6％），β-转角（31．6％）和无规则卷曲（35．8％）组成，它能诱发致敏豚鼠产生DTH反应；增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能；刺激30．8％健康者和25％所试结核病人的外周血单核细胞增殖。结论：重组38000蛋白可能在结核病流调中具有应用前景，并可作为亚单位疫苗候选者之一。     

粘膜康乳剂的药效试验

目的：研究粘膜康乳剂治疗放疗后口腔糜烂、咽痛溃疡的药效。方法：应用动物实验评价粘膜康乳剂的抗炎镇痛作用及对毛细血管通透性，非特异性免疫作用和邻苯三酚自氧化速率的影响。结果：粘膜康乳剂有明显的抗炎镇痛作用，能显著降低组胺所致毛细血管通透性，抑制PY自氧化速率，保护细胞膜免遭自由基损伤，对单核细胞吞噬功能有明显的增强、激活作用。结论：粘膜康乳剂对临床放疗引起的口腔糜烂，咽痛溃疡有良好的治疗作用。     

Die Entwicklungsmechanismen der cutanen Immunantwort bei der Trichophyton-rubrum-Infektion/Mechanism of Cutaneous Immune Responses in Trichophyton rubrum Infections

Zusammenfassung: 288 Kranke mit Trichophyton rubnim-Infektionen wurden klinisch and mit mykologischen, immunologischen, histomorphologischen und zytologischen Methoden untersucht. Positive Hautreaktionen vom verzögerten Typ auf spezifisches Antigen wurden bei 187 Patienten mit überwiegend squamöser und exsudativer Mykose und einer Erkrankungsdauer bis zu einem Jahr nachgewiesen. Monozytose und Neutrophilopenie im Blut, eine positive Reaktion auf Applikation von DNCB, ein hohes Niveau der T-rosettenbildenden Zellen und eine spezifische Funktion der T-Lymphozyten, wie sie mit der Blasten-Transformation und der Hemmung der Leukozytenmigration nachzuweisen ist, begleiteten papulöse Hautreaktionen. Histomorphologisch waren sie durch einen erhöhten Anteil der mononuklearen Zellen im entzündlichen Infiltrat und durch Kollagendegeneration gekennzeichnet. Die Hautreaktionen vom Soforttyp waren bei 163 Kranken positiv, meist bei generalisierter und exsudativer Mykose mit Mykiden oder Ekzematisation und mit einer Erkrankungsdauer über sieben Jahren. Die histologische Struktur der bullösen Hautreaktion ist durch Hautödem mit gesteigertem Anteil an polynukleären Leukozyten im Infiltrat und durch Vorhandensein von Leukozytoklasie gekennzeichnet Thrombozytose und Eosinophilie im Blut, positive Komplementbindungsreaktionen und passive Hämagglutinationsteste, positive Prausnitz-Küstner-und Shelley-Teste sowie Neutrophilenschädigung begleiteten die Hautantworten vom Sofort-Typ. Die Intensität der Hautantworten vom Sofort-Typ war von der Zahl der B-rosettenbildenden Zellen und der Plasmazellen nicht abhängig. Summary: 288 patients suffering from Trichophyton rubrum-infections (rubromycosis) were examined clinically and by means of mycological, immunological, histomorphological and cytological methods. Positive delayed-type skin reactions to specific antigen were obtained from 187 patients, mainly with squamous and exsudative mycosis and a duration of the disease up to one year. Papular skin reactions were accompanied by monocytosis and neutrophilopenia in the blood, by positive responses to application of DNCB, by a high level of T-rosette forming cells and by specific activity of the T-lymphocytes as seen in the blast transformation test and in the leucocyte inhibition migration test. Histomorphologically, the papular reactions were characterized by the prevalence of mononuclear cells in the inflammatory infiltrate and by degeneration of collagen. Immediate-type skin reactions were positive in 163 patients, mainly suffering from generalized and exsudative mycosis with id-reactions or eczematization, and with a duration of the disease exceeding seven years. The histological structure of skin blister reactions was characterized by edema of the dermis with predominance of polynuclear leucocytes in the infiltrate and by leucocytoclasia. Immediate-type skin reactions were accompanied by thrombocytosis and eosinophilia in the blood, by positive complement fixation and passive hemagglutination tests, by positive reactions in tests according to Prausnitz-Küstner and to Shelley and by the neutrophils damage index. At the same time, the intensity of the immediate-type skin reactions did not correlate with the quantity of B-rosette forming cells or plasmocytes.     

细菌性肺炎患儿肠道微生态及其与血FOXP3、G-CSF水平的关系

目的研究细菌性肺炎患儿肠道微生态及其与血清转录因子叉头蛋白(FOXP3)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)水平的关系。 方法选择细菌性肺炎患儿120例为肺炎组,其中轻度组55例,重度组65例,另选取同期健康体检患儿120例为对照组。比较各组肠道微生物、血清FOXP3、G-CSF水平,分析肠道微生物与FOXP3、G-CSF水平的相关性。 结果肺炎组乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌及真杆菌水平低于对照组；重度组乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌及真杆菌低于轻度组；肺炎组FOXP3、G-CSF高于对照组,重度组FOXP3、G-CSF高于轻度组(P＜0.05)。双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌及真杆菌与FOXP3、G-CSF呈负相关(P＜0.05)。 结论细菌性肺炎患儿肠道微生态与肺炎病情程度有关,且与血清FOXP3、G-CSF呈负相关。     

森林脑炎疫苗效果的评价研究

本文采用组织培养中和试验及间接免疫荧光中和法检测森林脑炎组织培养灭活疫苗的使用效果。人群抗体在二次接种后约1/3人检出阳性,三次接种后约1/2人检出阳性,流行病学调查发现疫苗的质量差,需要改进。     

小鼠白细胞介素5真核表达质粒pVAX-1mIL-5的构建及其体外表达

目的构建能表达小鼠白细胞介素5(mIL-5)的质粒并鉴定其蛋白的体外瞬时表达。方法以含有mIL-5cDNA序列的质粒为模板,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增获得小鼠IL-5基因片段后,定向插入真核表达载体pVAX1中,获得重组表达质粒pVAX1mIL-5。通过双酶切、PCR及插入片段序列测定对质粒进行鉴定。采用间接免疫荧光技术检测pVAX1mIL-5在HeLa细胞的瞬时表达。结果酶切、PCR及测序鉴定证实,插入片段正确,间接免疫荧光检测表明其可以在HeLa细胞中瞬时表达。结论构建的真核表达质粒pVAX1mIL-5可以在HeLa细胞中瞬时表达小鼠IL-5的蛋白,为下一步利用IL-5作为DNA疫苗黏膜免疫佐剂研究奠定了基础。     

The grading of rectal cancer: historical perspectives and a multivariate analysis of 447 cases

The grade of a tumour is gauged on the subjective assessment of a number of histopathological parameters. The problems associated with this exercise were viewed from a historical perspective and survival analysis of 447 patients receiving surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma was undertaken. Only deaths from rectal adenocarcinoma were included as events in the survival analysis. Seven grade-related parameters were scored by one observer. A grading system was constructed using the Cox regression model. The variables in the best-fitting parsimonious model comprised lymphocytic infiltration, tubule configuration and pattern of growth. Scores were derived from the model and a four grade system was created in which the groups were of similar size. Good reproducibility of the selected histopathological parameters was demonstrated. Grade-related parameters were then allowed to compete with stage-related parameters in an overall model of pathological prognostic categories. The parameters selected in the best model were number of affected lymph nodes, the presence of lymphocytic infiltration and extent of spread through bowel wall. A set of five prognostic categories was developed from this model.     

Cell-mediated immunological status in multiple sclerosis patients

In vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to allogeneic pooled cells, mitogens (PHA, Con A and PWM), and PPD was measured in 67 patients with clinically definite MS and in 67 age and sex-matched controls. Overall, dose-response curves in the two groups were similar, but response to PHA and PWM was significantly greater among patients, and a greater percentage of patients failed to respond to peak and suboptimal PPD concentrations. There was a reduced response to allogeneic pooled cells in Dw2 positive controls, and, in both patients and controls, a tendency towards a higher PPD response in Dw2 positive males. The results suggest that there is some alteration of balance of immune regulation in MS, which is slightly affected by Dw2 status.