污水生物处理中重金属的毒理学研究进展

综述了近年来污水处理中重金属的毒理学研究现状,包括重金属对微生物的毒性效应及其分子机理、重金属对污水生物处理过程的具体影响和决定因素、微生物对重金属的抗性及其驯化的研究,分析其存在的问题,并提出了未来的研究重点。     

合肥市大蜀山几种药用植物体内铅的含量分析

目的:以安徽省合肥市郊大蜀山几种常见的药用植物为例,分析铅(Pb)在药用植物不同部位的分布,初步探索Pb在药用植物体内分布的规律。方法:采用湿法消化、原子吸收分光光度法测定Pb元素的含量。结果:植物体内Pb的含量与植物种类和生长环境有关。本实验为从源头控制中药材和中成药重金属超标提供科学依据。     

超临界CO2萃取法去除橘红中重金属Cu、As、Pb的研究

目的通过测定在不同的萃取条件下橘红中重金属的量,探讨这些条件对超临界CO2萃取橘红中重金属的影响。方法以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(N aDDC.3H2O)作为配合剂,乙醇为夹带剂,设计正交试验,采用ICP-M S测定橘红中Cu、A s、Pb的量。考察了萃取压力、温度、配合剂和萃取时间等条件。结果在样品为10 g时,萃取压力25 M Pa,温度60℃,配合剂N aDDC用量2 g,萃取时间3 h,夹带剂乙醇用量10 mL,萃取后重金属的量可达到美国FDA标准。结论萃取后的药材中重金属量显著下降,为降低中药材中重金属开辟了一条新的思路和研究方法。     

冷原子吸收光谱法测定常通口服液中重金属汞的含量

目的:测定中药常通口服液中重金属汞(Hg)的含量.方法:冷原子吸收光谱法.结果:重金属Hg在4～20 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 26),平均回收率为98.38%(n=5),RSD为2.41%.常通口服液中重金属Hg的含量符合规定.结论:冷原子吸收光谱法简单、快捷、灵敏.     

淫羊藿中重金属超临界CO2流体净化技术研究

目的利用超临界CO2萃取技术(SFE)净化淫羊藿中重金属.方法①以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDC-Na)为金属络合剂,用超临界流体萃取技术净化药材中的重金属,并对萃取方案进行最优化.②选择不同的混合酸消化液完全消解药材后,以空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法(AAS)和氢化物发生AAS法分别测定其中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)以及砷(As)、汞(Hg).③采用Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm )色谱柱,以甲醇-水(60∶40)为流动相,检测波长为270 nm,测定淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的含量.结果在最佳萃取条件下,重金属净化率达到90%以上,中药材有效成分的损失＜5%.结论确定了药材中重金属的最佳萃取条件.     

血清中异丙酚的HPLC测定

建立了检测血清中异丙酚的反相高效液相色谱-荧光法.血清样品经含内标百里酚的丙酮溶液直接沉淀后,采用KR100-5 C18柱,甲醇-0.1%三氟醋酸溶液(80:20)为流动相,荧光激发波长为276nm,发射波长为307nm.异丙酚在0.05～12.8μg/ml范围内与峰面积比线性关系良好.检测限为150pg,异丙酚和百里酚的提取回收率均大于90%,批内、批间精密度为1.11%～6.88%.     

一种有效分离人尿激肽释放酶和人尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂的方法

人尿激肽释放酶和人尿胰蛋白酶抑制剂是存在于尿中的酸性蛋白.本文通过ZnCl2胶体沉淀和乙醇沉淀相结合的方法可有效分离两者,得率高、活性保留好.     

Densiron 68 heavy silicone oil in the management of inferior retinal detachment recurrence: analysis on functional and anatomical outcomes and complications

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of a heavy silicone oil (Densiron 68) in the management of inferior retinal detachment recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective non-comparative consecutive case series study. Forty-nine cases of complex inferior retinal detachment were treated using Densiron 68 heavy silicone oil (HSO) as the endotamponade. Our main purpose was anatomic reattachment following Densiron 68 removal. Functional outcomes, rate of recurrences, the presence of inflammatory complications and intraocular pressure alterations were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients affected by complex retinal re-detachment were recruited. The mean follow-up was 7.6 (±1.5) mo. The mean best corrected visual acuity after Densiron 68 removal was 0.95 logMAR, standard error (SE: 0.068). Retinal reattachment was 61.2% after first surgery and 81.6% after second surgery. Nineteen cases (38.8%) had recurrences when intraocular heavy silicon oil was in situ, 26.3% (5 cases) of which involved the inferior retina. CONCLUSION: Densiron 68 ef?ciently fills the inferior retinal periphery and might lower the risk of inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy development, in particular after a standard silicon oil tamponade that reduces the proliferative process in the upper quadrants of the retina.     

Cognitive performance among cohorts of children exposed to a waste disposal site containing heavy metals in Chile

Between 1984 and 1998, people living in Arica were involuntarily exposed to metal-containing waste stored in the urban area. The study aims to determine whether children who lived near the waste disposal site during early childhood experienced negative effects on their cognitive development. The cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The exposure variable was defined by the year of birth in three categories: (1) Pre-remediation (born before 1999); (2) During-remediation (born between 1999 and 2003); and (3) Post-remediation (born after 2003). In the crude analysis, a difference of 10 points in the IQ average was observed between the group born in the pre- (81.9 points) and post-remediation period (91.1 points). The difference between both groups was five times higher as compared to children of similar age and socioeconomic status in other cities of Chile. This result could be related with a period of high potential for exposure to this contaminated site.     

Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases

Thyroid hormone (TH) receptors are present in the myocardium and vascular tissue, and minor alterations in TH concentration can affect cardiovascular (CV) physiology. The potential mechanisms that link CV disease with thyroid dysfunction are endothelial dysfunction, changes in blood pressure, myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and dyslipidemia. In addition, cardiac disease itself may lead to alterations in TH concentrations (notably, low triiodothyronine syndrome) that are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Experimental data and small clinical trials have suggested a beneficial role of TH in ameliorating CV disease. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians dealing with CV conditions with an overview of the current knowledge of TH perturbations in CV disease.