蟾酥脂质微球注射液的制备及其灭菌稳定性

目的研究蟾酥脂质微球注射液的处方工艺并考察制剂的灭菌稳定性。方法采用两级高压均质法制备蟾酥脂质微球注射液,分别考察油相组成、乳化剂用量、pH、灭菌方式对制剂灭菌稳定性的影响。结果采用质量分数为10.00%的油相[注射用中链脂肪酸甘油酯(MCT)与注射用大豆油(LCT)等比例混合],质量分数为1.20%的豆磷脂,质量分数为0.06%的油酸钠,均质前调节pH6.5,采用100℃旋转水浴灭菌30 min,制备所得的蟾酥脂质微球注射液在灭菌后仍保持良好的物理化学稳定性。结论粒子界面荷电性、空间位阻作用、pH、灭菌方式是影响蟾酥脂质微球注射液的物理化学稳定性的重要因素。     

当归补血汤不同剂型及配伍对骨髓抑制小鼠造血调控的实验研究

 目的本实验通过比较当归补血汤煎剂及颗粒剂对骨髓抑制小鼠造血机能调控的影响来比较它们之间的疗效差异。旨在为中药颗粒剂的疗效提供实验室依据。方法本实验用高效液相色谱仪检测了当归补血汤不同制剂中阿魏酸、黄芪甲苷的含量差异;采用造血祖细胞培养术、外周血像计数法、ELISA等方法对造血祖细胞集落数、外周血像的变化及造血微环境中EPO,TPO,G-CSF的变化进行检测。结果当归补血汤煎剂、颗粒剂能通过平衡骨髓微环境中EPO,TPO,GM-CSF的表达;促进骨髓造血细胞从G_{0/G1期进入G2/M期和S期;促进造血祖细胞增殖,从而提高骨髓抑制小鼠外周血像和骨髓像。结论当归补血汤煎剂、颗粒剂均能改善骨髓抑制小鼠的造血机能,其中配方颗粒剂疗效较为突出。}     

小家系资料连锁分析参数方法及应用

目的 对于小家系资料通过连锁分析寻找遗传性疾病相关基因。方法 运用小家系资料连锁分析参数的方法。结果 多位点连锁分析比两位点连锁分析基因定位更精确。结论 适用于小家系资料的多位点连锁分析，不仅能算出致病基因与标记的重组率和遗传距离，而且能把致病基因定位至遗传标记的一侧。     

辣椒碱表面活性剂泡囊处方设计

目的 研究辣椒碱表面活性剂泡囊的处方设计.方法 采用注入法制备辣椒碱表面活性剂泡囊,以包封率为评价指标,评价不同组成材料制备的辣椒碱表面活性剂泡囊.结果 得到9种辣椒碱表面活性剂泡囊处方,其平均包封率均≥75%,粒径分布为5～30 μm,平均粒径均≤10 μm.结论 本文筛选得到9种包封率较高、粒径大小理想的辣椒碱表面活性剂泡囊处方,为进一步的研究奠定了基础.     

伊曲康唑自乳化释药系统的处方研究

 目的研究伊曲康唑自乳化给药系统(ITZ-SEDDS)的处方工艺。方法通过溶解度实验?处方配伍和伪三相图的绘制,以自乳化时间?色泽和粒径的大小为指标,筛选油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂的最佳搭配和处方配比。并对ITZ-SEDDS的理化性质和体外溶出度进行了测定。结果伊曲康唑自乳化最终优化处方为:Maisine 35-1-Cremophor EL-Transcutol P=25∶30∶45。ITZ-SEDDS的粒径为162.5 nm,自乳化时间<1 min,ITZ-SEDDS在人工肠液中2 h累积溶出百分率为90.9%,是原药(0.52%)的174.8倍,市售胶囊(10.1%)的9.0倍。结论所制备的ITZ-SEDDS达到了设计要求,为ITZ的新制剂开发提供了实验依据。     

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered as a concentrated intranasal spray. A study in healthy volunteers

AIMS: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of midazolam administered as a concentrated intranasal spray, compared with intravenous midazolam, in healthy adult subjects. METHODS: Subjects were administered single doses of 5 mg midazolam intranasally and intravenously in a cross-over design with washout period of 1 week. The total plasma concentrations of midazolam and the metabolite 1-hydroxymidazolam after both intranasal and intravenous administration were described with a single pharmacokinetic model. beta-band EEG activity was recorded and related to midazolam plasma concentrations using an exponential pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. RESULTS: Administration of the intranasal spray led to some degree of temporary irritation in all six subjects, who nevertheless found intranasal administration acceptable and not painful. The mean (+/-s.d.) peak plasma concentration of midazolam of 71 (+/-25 ng ml-1) was reached after 14 (+/-5 min). Mean bioavailability following intranasal administration was 0.83+/-0.19. After intravenous and intranasal administration, the pharmacokinetic estimates of midazolam were: mean volume of distribution at steady state 1.11+/-0.25 l kg-1, mean systemic clearance 16.1+/-4.1 ml min-1 kg-1 and harmonic mean initial and terminal half lives 8.4+/-2.4 and 79+/-30 min, respectively. Formation of the 1-hydroxymetabolite after intranasal administration did not exceed that after intravenous administration. CONCLUSIONS: In this study in healthy volunteers a concentrated midazolam nasal spray was easily administered and well tolerated. No serious complications of the mode of administration or the drug itself were reported. Rapid uptake and high bioavailability were demonstrated. The potential of midazolam given via a nasal spray in the acute treatment of status epilepticus and other seizure disruptions should be evaluated.     

Modified formulation of CPDA for storage of whole blood, and of SAGM for storage of red blood cells, to maintain the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A dramatic decrease in the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) takes place during the storage of whole blood (WB) in CPDA (citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine) and a similar decrease occurs during the storage of red blood cells (RBCs) in SAGM (saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol). The aim of the present study was to prevent this decrease by modifying CPDA and SAGM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pH of WB anticoagulant or RBC preservative solution was maintained at 7.6 by autoclaving the dextrose solution separately, by incorporating ascorbic acid and nicotinic acid into both CPDA and SAGM (to produce modified CPDA and SAGM solutions), and by reducing the concentration of adenine and adding citrate to the modified SAGM solution. The concentration of 2,3-DPG in WB after 28 days of storage in modified CPDA, and in RBCs stored in modified SAGM, was compared with that in WB or RBCs stored in unmodified solutions. RESULTS: The initial 2,3-DPG levels were maintained after 28 days in the modified formulations [10.63 +/- 2.58 microM/g of haemoglobin (Hb) in the case of modified CPDA and 12.07 +/- 1.47 microM/g of Hb in the case of modified SAGM], whereas in standard CPDA and SAGM solutions, the concentration of 2,3-DPG decreased to very low levels (0.86 +/- 0.97 microM/g Hb for CPDA and 0.12 +/- 0.008 for SAGM). CONCLUSIONS: Our modification in the formulation of CPDA or SAGM is effective in arresting the dramatic decrease in the level of 2,3-DPG that occurs during storage of WB and RBCs in unmodified solutions.     

胰激肽原酶油相制剂的制备及稳定性研究

目的:制备胰激肽原酶油相制剂并对其稳定性进行考察。方法:采用无水反胶束法制备胰激肽原酶油溶液,以紫外分光光度法测定胰激肽原酶的效价,测定了油溶液含药量,并考察了胰激肽原酶油相制剂的稳定性。结果:胰激肽原酶在2～10 IU·mL-1线性关系良好,回收率在98．0％～104．0％。所得胰液肽原酶油相制剂在常温下较稳定,其效价为(116．64±8．58)IU·mL-1。结论:该制剂制备简单,性质稳定。     

微乳的处方因素对伊维菌素体外透皮性能的影响

 目的研究微乳的处方因素对伊维菌素体外透皮性能的影响。方法采用改进的Franz扩散池作为离体皮肤的渗透实验装置,以紫外分光光度法测定皮肤接收液中药物浓度。以单位面积的累计渗透量(Q)和渗透系数(Js)为指标,考察了微乳处方的油相比例、混合表面活性剂质量分数和载药量对离体鼠皮透皮吸收的影响,比较了处方中加入促渗剂前后微乳释放液的渗透行为,并考察不同载体(O/W型微乳、W/O型微乳、胶束和三相溶剂系统)的体外透皮性能。结果处方中油酸最佳比例为16.1%,当其用量超过该值时,渗透效果反而下降;混合表面活性剂的质量分数为38.81%,12 h的累积渗透量达到最大值;体系载药量为2%时,渗透速率为92.97μg·cm^-2·h^-1,之后随载药量的增大,渗透速率显著下降;促渗剂的加入对透皮微乳的渗透速率和累计渗透量无显著改善作用,但可一定程度地减小时滞;O/W型微乳剂型的体外渗透性能最佳。结论微乳制剂作为透皮制剂载体较胶束溶液、三相溶剂系统优越,其可能是提高的浓度渗透梯度和油酸导致的角质层屏障功能降低而促进药物皮肤透过量。     

生物粘附性萘哌地尔缓释胶囊的处方筛选

 目的：筛选生物粘附性萘哌地尔缓释胶囊的处方。方法：采用正交设计结合多元线性回归的方法，确立生物粘附材料HPMC、Carbomer的用量及配比与制剂体外释放度的关系。结果：多元线性回归结果表明，生物粘附材料HPMC与Carbomer对胶囊体外释放度影响较大，且均阻滞药物的释放；生物粘附性缓释胶囊的内容物与大鼠离体胃、肠组织的粘附力明显大于普通胶囊。结论：正交设计结合多元线性回归的方法用于萘哌地尔缓释胶囊的处方筛选，方法简便可行。