超声对2型糖尿病患者肱动脉内皮功能的测定

目的:研究2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿对肱动脉血管内皮功能的影响及与亚临床期动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法:运用高频超声观察55例不伴有微量白蛋白尿MAU(-)的2型糖尿病,25例伴有微量白蛋白尿MAU(+)的2型糖尿病及30例对照者(对照组)的右肱动脉反应性充血后内皮依赖性舒张功能和含服硝酸甘油后非内皮依赖性舒张功能的内径变化。结果:2型糖尿病两组病人较对照组内皮依赖性舒张功能及非内皮依赖性舒张功能显著降低(P<0.01);MAU(+)较MAU(-)组内皮依赖性舒张功能显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:微量白蛋白尿与2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能损害密切相关,是导致动脉硬化发生,加速动脉硬化进程的因素。     

ECAT angina pectoris study: baseline associations of haemostatic factors with extent of coronary arteriosclerosis and other coronary risk factors in 3000 patients with angina pectoris undergoing coronary angiography

The ECAT Angina Pecioris Study is a European multicentre studyinvestigating the pathogenetic and possibly predictive roleof the haemostatic system in the progress of coronary heartdisease. In this paper we report the cross-sectional analysisof haemostatic factors in 3043 patients, who underwent coronaryangiography due to angina pectoris. Fibrinogen levels were higherin patients with one or more coronary stenoses of at least 50%than in patients without, by an average of 0.16 g. l^–1(P <0.0001). Depressed fibrinolytic activity due to higherlevels of PAI was also associated with the presence of coronarystenoses. There was no association with the extent of coronaryarteriosclerosis, as assessed by the number of involved arteries,except that patients who had more vessels with total occlusionshad higher fibrinogen levels. Depressed fibrinolytic activitywas also clearly associated with diabetes, obesity, higher triglyceridelevels, smoking and impaired cardiac pump function as assessedby ejection fraction. Cholesterol levels were particularly correlatedwith protein C and plasminogen.     

冠状动脉外膜炎症在动脉粥样硬化病灶形成中的作用

目的：探讨动脉外膜炎症诱发载脂蛋白E基因剔除（apoE-/-）小鼠冠状动脉粥样硬化病灶发生的机制。 方法： 取apoE-/-小鼠心脏做连续切片，选择冠状动脉外膜有炎性细胞浸润的3类部位代表粥样硬化病灶形成过程中的3个阶段：①未发现粥样硬化病灶；②有直接从主动脉延伸的病灶顶端和③成熟粥样硬化病灶的冠状动脉。分别采用HE染色、Movat染色、免疫组化和透射电镜方法鉴定3个病变阶段的冠状动脉外膜中炎细胞类型。 结果： ①未发现粥样硬化病灶；②有直接从主动脉延伸的病灶顶端和③成熟粥样硬化病灶的冠状动脉外膜分别以巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润为主，其构成比分别为60.00%、57.65%和66.67%，各组构成比分别与其它两组比较均有显著差异（P<0.01）。 结论： 动脉外膜炎症可能是诱发动脉粥样硬化发生的早期事件之一，ApoE-/-小鼠冠状动脉粥样硬化病灶形成过程中，动脉外膜经历了一个从急性炎症到慢性炎症的过程。     

音乐治疗对眼底手术病人焦虑的影响

目的：在于观察经听觉通道输入音乐对眼底手术病人焦虑状态的影响。方法：实验对象为39名择期进行眼底手术的男性病人，他们被随机地分为实验和对照两组，其中实验组19人，对照组20人，在手术过程中通过耳机给患者输入他们自己选定的音乐、观察焦虑（STAI），抑郁（SDS），视觉模拟焦虑（VAS）和脑电（BI）的变化。结果：实验组STAI，SDS，VAS值与对照组比明显降低，病人的焦虑、抑郁情绪有了明显改善，而脑电的变化没有显著性的差异。结论：音乐治疗可降低择期眼底手术男性病人的焦虑、抑郁与视觉模拟焦虑水平。     

Different roles of arteriosclerosis in the rupture of intracranial dissecting aneurysms

AIMS: Although intracranial dissecting aneurysm (IDA) is a newly described variant of the brain aneurysms that affects mainly the vertebrobasilar arterial system, its pathogenesis remains obscure. We aimed to clarify the role of arteriosclerosis in the pathogenesis of IDA based on histopathological findings in seven autopsy cases of IDA. METHODS AND RESULTS: All cases exhibited systemic hypertension or left ventricular hypertrophy. Macroscopically, all cases exhibited subarachnoid haemorrhage. Two types of dissection were recognized in the vertebral artery. Six of seven IDA cases showed a widespread disruption of the entire thickness of the arterial wall with the formation of a dilated pseudoaneurysm, which consisted of thin adventitia (arterial wall disruption type). Medial disruption of the arterial wall and subadventitial dissecting haemorrhage were also found, resulting in the formation of a false lumen and stenosis of the 'true' lumen of the artery. However, these lesions were connected to the site of rupture of the entire arterial wall. Within 1 day after onset of IDA, the autopsy cases showed formation of fibrin thrombus, marked leucocyte infiltration and necrosis of the arterial wall at the site of the lesion. Cases that survived more than 1 week showed smooth muscle cell proliferation, macrophage accumulation and lymphocytic infiltration in the lesions. These cases showed no atherosclerotic plaque, but non-atherosclerotic fibrocellular intima. The thickness of intima and media was significantly less in the vertebral artery of IDA patients than that of non-IDA patients with systemic hypertension. On the other hand, the remaining case showed severe atherosclerosis with haemorrhage into the lipid core without connection to the arterial lumen (intra-atheromatous plaque haemorrhage type). However, unusual arterioles and neovascularization of the intra-and peri-arterial walls were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that disruption of the entire arterial wall may be a critical event in the development of IDA and result in the medial disruption and subadventitial haemorrhage. Non-atheromatous intima might function as a protective factor in arterial wall disruption. On the other hand, atherosclerosis may predispose to intra-atheromatous plaque haemorrhage type of IDA through intramural haemorrhage originating from the newly formed vessels.     

Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger''s disease): a report of five patients

Five patients with variable clinical symptoms were diagnosed as having--subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger disease) based on the presence of lacunar infarcts in basal ganglia, various abnormalities of subcortical white matter and severe thickening and hyalinization of penetrating arteries and arterioles. One case had a classical clinical picture while in the others the course of the disease was short and was associated with severe systemic abnormalities. The variability of the clinical features, the identify of "classical" clinical symptoms with other forms of cerebral arteriosclerosis, the similarity between "atypical" cases and other entities, and the high frequency of associated conditions makes it difficult to characterize the clinical pathological entity called subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy.     

Effects of angiopeptin on transplant arteriosclerosis in the rat

The influence of the somatostatin analogue angiopeptin on transplant arteriosclerosis was investigated using two aortic transplantation rat models. One was characterized by ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes in syngeneic transplants while immunologically induced changes dominated in the other allogeneic model. Angiopeptin, 100 g/kg per day, was administered continuously until the sacrifice of the rats after 8 weeks. No additional immunosuppression was used in either model. An image analysis system was used to quantify the intimal and medial thicknesses of the grafts. In the syngeneic grafts, the intimal thickness was less than 50% of that of control grafts (P<0.05), but no difference was seen in the allogeneic model. The expression of selected cells, TGF-s and PDGF and PDGF -receptors was detected immunohistochemically and displayed a similar picture in control and angiopeptin-treated grafts in both models. We conclude that angiopeptin has no clear immunosuppressive properties but may counteract ischemia-induced transplant arteriosclerosis.Part of this paper has previously been published in Transplant Proceedings (1993; 21: 2098–2099).     

高血压、冠心病患者血浆组织因子及组织因子途径抑制物活性变化

目的：观测高血压及冠心病患者血浆ＴＦ活性与ＴＦＰＩ活性的变化。方法：采用二步法测定血浆ＴＦ活性;以Ｓａｎｄｓｅｔ发色底物法测定ＴＦＰＩ活性。结果：高血压与冠心病患者血浆ＴＦ与ＴＦＰＩ活性均高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：凝血功能亢进可能参与了高血压、冠心病形成,提示血浆ＴＦ和ＴＦＰＩ活性测定值可作为高血压、冠心病辅助性诊断指标。     

红参对家兔高血压性视网膜动脉硬化预防作用的光镜观察

目的:观察红参对视网膜、肾、脾动脉硬化的预防作用。方法:分3组观察家兔眼底血管病变反映全身小动脉硬化的程度。A 组为正常对照组,B 组为高血压模型组,均喂普通饲料,C 组为高血压模型组喂红参2g/d。(1)制作高血压动物模型;(2)观察视网膜、肾、脾血管在光学显微镜下的改变。结果:A 组视网膜、肾脏、脾脏血管形态和组织结构正常,B 组小动脉壁呈均质玻璃样变性,C 组血管结构基本正常。结论:红参对高血压性视网膜动脉硬化有预防作用。     

2型糖尿病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白检测的临床价值

目的研究超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),预测和监视2型糖尿病并发动脉粥样硬化的临床价值。方法收集63例2型糖尿病患者和38例体检正常者的血清,采用免疫透射比浊法检测hs-CRP,酶法(一步法)检测低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。结果Hs-CRP水平正常对照组为(0.87±0.56)mg/L,LDL-C正常糖尿病组为(2.14±1.39)mg/L,高LDL-C糖尿病组为(4.38±1.92)mg/L。LDL-C正常糖尿病组和高LDL-C糖尿病组hs-CRP明显高于正常对照组(分别为P<0.05,P<0.01);LDL-C正常糖尿病组和高LDL-C糖尿病组之间hs-CRP水平差异也有非常显著意义(P<0.01);同时hs-CRP水平与LDL-C水平呈正相关(r=0.89,P<0.01)。结论Hs-CRP作为炎症因子,在预测和监视2型糖尿病方面有重要意义,是一个强有力的筛选指标。联合血脂检测,对进一步预防2型糖尿病患者并发动脉粥样硬化有重要的临床意义。