子宫内膜癌组织中p16 mRNA及P16蛋白的表达

①目的　探讨抑癌基因 p16与子宫内膜癌发生、发展的关系。 ②方法　应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT PCR)和免疫组织化学技术 ,对 4 2例子宫内膜癌及 15例正常子宫内膜组织中 p16mRNA及P16蛋白进行检测 ,并结合临床病理特征进行分析。③结果　子宫内膜癌组织中p16mRNA及P16蛋白的阳性表达率分别为6 9.0 5 %和 5 9.5 2 % ,显著低于正常组织 (χ2 =6 .0 15、8.6 2 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。p16mRNA及P16蛋白的表达缺失与肿瘤的组织学类型无关 (χ2 =0 .10 0、0 .2 94 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,而与组织学分级和临床分期有关 (χ2 =3.95 4、6 .873,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　p16mRNA和P16蛋白的表达缺失在子宫内膜癌的发生和发展中可能起重要作用     

Expression of p27 and p53: comparative analysis of uterine carcinosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma

The aim of the study was to assess both p27 and p53 expression in the stromal and epithelial component of carcinosarcoma and to assess if their expression in the latter is different than in endometrial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for p27 and p53 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 18 uterine specimens with carcinosarcoma and their expression assessed. Their expression in the epithelial element was also compared to that in 35 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. Reduced p27 expression was observed in a similarly high proportion of the stromal (77.8%) as well as of the epithelial component (66.7%) of carcinosarcoma. Although statistically not significant, the proportion of reduced p27 expression in endometrial carcinoma (85.7%) was higher than in the epithelial element of carcinosarcoma. The percentage of p53 overexpression in both elements of carcinosarcomas and in endometrial carcinomas was low and also similar (27.8 and 20.0%, respectively). Our results indicate that reduced p27 expression is common and p53 overexpression is infrequent in carcinosarcoma. Their similar rates of expression in the stromal and epithelial elements of the tumor support the contention of a monoclonal origin of carcinosarcoma. Unexpectedly, reduced p27 expression is more common in endometrial carcinoma than in the epithelial element of carcinosarcoma, in spite of the less favorable prognosticators and outcome in the latter. Further studies of p27 expression in carcinosarcoma are indicated to establish its clinical value in this aggressive malignancy.     

A case of alpha-fetoprotein–producing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with a hepatoid component as a potential source for alpha-fetoprotein in a postmenopausal woman

Although case reports of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing adenocarcinoma other than hepatocellular carcinoma have gradually increased in number, AFP-producing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is very rare. The patients universally complain of abnormal vaginal bleeding. The patient presented with complaints of epigastric discomfort. No vaginal bleeding was observed. Serum AFP concentration was 453 ng/mL, and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP percentage of total AFP was increased to 67%. Radiologic imaging and endoscopy did not provide evidence of any primary carcinoma in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the unknown origin of high AFP, Pap smear of the endometrium followed by fractional curettage was performed and revealed adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection and partial omentectomy was performed. Histologic study showed a mixture of major AFP-negative endometrioid adenocarcinoma and minor medullary proliferation of the AFP-positive hepatoid adenocarcinoma cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and hyaline globules. After the surgery followed by four courses of weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel administration, serum levels of AFP dropped into normal range. The possible existence of AFP-producing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium should be considered in a postmenopausal woman even if there is no vaginal bleeding, when AFP-producing tumor is clinically suspected and the imaging studies fail to confirm the diagnosis.     

宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术与单纯分段诊刮术诊断子宫内膜癌的比较

为比较宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术与单纯分段诊刮术在诊断子宫内膜癌中的临床意义 ,将经手术后病理证实的子宫内膜癌患者分为 2组 :宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮组 (A组 ) 3 1例 ;单纯分段诊刮组 (B组 ) 3 9例。比较 2组术前诊断子宫内膜癌的准确性及开腹手术时腹水细胞学的检查结果。 2组患者的年龄、临床病理分期、病理分级及组织学类型差异无显著性。A组诊断宫颈受累的准确率为 96.77% (3 0 / 3 1 ) ,假阳性率为 3 .2 3 % (1 / 3 1 ) ;B组分别为 79.49%(3 1 / 3 9) ,1 5 .3 8% (6/ 3 9)。 2组准确率比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。取腹水或腹腔冲洗液行细胞学检查。A组细胞学阳性率为 6.45 % (2 / 3 1 ) ,B组为 1 4.2 9% (3 / 2 1 ) ,2组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。提示 :宫腔镜辅助下分段诊刮术可提高术前诊断子宫内膜癌的准确性 ,从而避免不必要地扩大手术范围 ,而且不增加腹腔内播散的危险。     

经阴道超声诊断子宫内膜癌

目的 探讨应用经阴道超声（TVS）诊断绝经前后出血妇女子宫内膜癌的价值。方法 采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测74例阴道异常出血的妇女，其中绝经前28例，绝经后46例，所有患者均取子宫内膜组织行病理对照。结果 TVS检测子宫内膜癌的敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值，绝经前妇女依次为61．5％，50．0％，14．3％，23．8％，94．1％和54．5％，绝经后妇女依次为97．3％，55．6％，44．4％，2．7％，90．0％和83．0％。结论 TVS检测可作为子宫内膜癌首选的筛查方法，尤其对于绝经后妇女价值更大。     

Isolation and characterization of endometrial leukocyte populations by flow cytometry

Potentialities of the flow cytornetry method in studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of endometrial immunocompetent cells are demonstrated. The studied leukocyte populations are found to occur in negligible quantities in the endometrium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 68–71, January, 1994.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1受体在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 研究子宫内膜癌组织中IGF-1R的分布、表达及其临床意义。方法 选取30例子宫内膜癌手术标本，石蜡切片，采用PV-600PicTureTM检测试剂进行免疫组化，测定IGF-1R的分布及表达，分析与临床病理之间的关系。另取10例正常的增生期子宫内膜标本作为对照。结果 IGF-1R为膜受体。IGF-1R在10例正常增生期子宫内膜细胞中的阳性表达率为70％，无过度表达；而在30例子宫内膜癌细胞中的阳性表达率为90％，过度表达率为40％（中度阳性7例、强阳性5例）。统计表明，正常增生期子宫内膜细胞与子宫内膜癌细胞相比IGF-1R阳性表达率差异尤显著性（P=0．13）；IGF-1R过度表达率差异有显著性（P=0．017）。子宫内膜癌细胞膜IGF-1R阳性表达及过度表达在高分化与中、低分化之间有显著差异（与分级呈负相关系：分化越低，IGF-1R的表达越强，反之，分化高，IGF-1R的表达则弱）。IGF-1R的阳性表达及过度表达在临床分期Ⅰ-Ⅲ期各组间均无明显差异。结论 IGF-1R在子宫内膜癌细胞膜表达，且随恶性程度的增加其表达量增加，IGF-1R的表达量可以预测内膜癌的预后，对临床治疗可能具有一定的指导意义。     

小剂量阿斯匹林辅助促排卵过程中对子宫血流及内膜厚度的影响

目的　探讨小剂量阿斯匹林在促排卵过程中对子宫血流及内膜厚度的影响及其作用机理。方法　采用前瞻性随机双盲的方法 ,对不明原因的不孕妇女在克罗米酚 (CC)促排卵治疗同时 ,自月经第 1～ 2 0d连续服用小剂量阿斯匹林 ,75mg/d。 结果　试验组子宫动脉血流阻力指数 (RI)明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,子宫内膜厚度明显较对照组厚 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　小剂量阿斯匹林可增加子宫血流供应 ,从而改善促排卵治疗时CC所致的子宫内膜发育不良