经皮与经肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折疗效的Meta分析

【摘要】 目的：系统评价经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术（percutaneous pedicle screw fixation,PPSF）与经肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定术（mini-open Wiltse approach with pedicle screw fixation,MWPSF）治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折的疗效,为临床决策提供参考依据。方法：计算机检索Pubmed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、万方数据库（Wangfang Database）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）中关于PPSF与MWPSF治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折的临床对照研究,检索时限为自建库起至2020年3月。纳入文献包含下列参考指标中的两项以上：手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、术后腰痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、椎体后凸角（Cobb角）、伤椎椎体前缘高度比值（VBH）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、手术并发症例数。Meta分析采用Cochrane Library提供的Rev-Man 5.3 软件进行。结果：共纳入17篇文献[3篇随机对照研究（randomized controlled trial,RCT）、14篇队列研究]、1057例患者,其中PPSF组519例,MWPSF组538例。MWPSF组手术时间较短[SMD=17.87,95%CI（11.60,24.15）,P＜0.05],术中透视次数较少[SMD=4.96,95%CI（4.29,5.63）,P＜0.05];末次随访时,MWPSF组Cobb角矫正较多[SMD=-7.56,95%CI（-10.61,-4.52）,P＜0.01],矫正丢失较少[SMD=1.76,95%CI（0.41,3.11）,P=0.01],VBH矫正丢失较少[SMD=0.90,95%CI（0.30,1.51）,P＜0.05]; PPSF组术中出血较少[SMD=-62.01,95%CI（-78.84,-45.18）,P＜0.05],术后1周VAS评分较低[SMD=-0.49,95%CI（-0.87,-0.11）,P=0.01]。在末次随访时两组的VAS评分、Cobb角、VBH、ODI、手术并发症无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论： PPSF和MWPSF治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折安全可靠,疗效一致。相较于MWPSF,PPSF具有创伤小、出血少及术后恢复快的优点,但增加手术时间和医源性辐射,且后凸矫形能力不足。     

经皮椎弓根内固定结合病灶内化疗治疗椎间隙感染探讨

目的探讨经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定结合病灶内局部化疗治疗椎间隙感染的疗效。方法回顾2007年4月--2013年6月,采用经皮椎弓根内固定结合病灶内局部药物治疗的方法治疗椎间隙感染6例,其中男2例,女4例;年龄47—85岁,平均67岁。病变节段胸椎2例,胸腰段1例,腰椎3例。1例合并神经损伤,按Franke分级为C级。2例患者涉及单间隙两个椎体,4例患者涉及3个椎体2个间隙。术中局部应用抗生素冲洗,术后继续灌洗和抗感染治疗。观察患者手术前后腰背部疼痛等症状缓解、神经功能恢复、脊柱失状面平衡情况。结果随访5—52个月,平均13个月。5例患者痊愈,血沉正常,疼痛消失,恢复正常生活;1例患者病情改善,血沉及CRP持续下降,疼痛明显缓解。1例神经损伤患者Frankel分级：C级恢复至E级。随访期内,未出现椎弓根钉松动断裂现象。结论经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定结合病灶内化疗创伤小、出血少、恢复快,是治疗椎间隙感染有效的方法之一,内植物的应用对感染无明显不良影响。     

Biomechanical advantage of C1 pedicle screws over C1 lateral mass screws: a cadaveric study

Purpose

The established technique for posterior C1 screw placement is via the lateral mass. Use of C1 monocortical pedicle screws is an emerging technique which utilizes the bone of the posterior arch while avoiding the paravertebral venous plexus and the C2 nerve root. This study compared the relative biomechanical fixation strengths of C1 pedicle screws with C1 lateral mass screws.

Methods

Nine human C1 vertebrae were instrumented with one lateral mass screw and one pedicle screw. The specimens were subjected to sinusoidal, cyclic (0.5 Hz) fatigue loading. Peak compressive and tensile forces started from ±25 N and constantly increased by 0.05 N every cycle. Testing was stopped at 5 mm displacement. Cycles to failure, displacement, and initial and end stiffness were measured. Finally, CT scans were taken and the removal torque measured.

Results

The pedicle screw technique consistently and significantly outperformed the lateral mass technique in cycles to failure (1,083 ± 166 vs. 689 ± 240 cycles), initial stiffness (24.6 ± 3.9 vs. 19.9 ± 3.2 N/mm), end stiffness (16.6 ± 2.7 vs. 11.6 ± 3.6 N/mm) and removal torque (0.70 ± 0.78 vs. 0.13 ± 0.09 N m). Only 33 % of pedicle screws were loose after testing compared to 100 % of lateral mass screws.

Conclusions

C1 pedicle screws were able to withstand higher toggle forces than lateral mass screws while maintaining a higher stiffness throughout and after testing. From a biomechanical point of view, the clinical use of pedicle screws in C1 is a promising alternative to lateral mass screws.     

Two-level pedicle subtraction osteotomy for severe thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis

Study design

A retrospective clinical study.

Objective

To evaluate the outcomes of two-level (T12 and L3) pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for severe thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to discuss the surgical strategies of this surgery.

Background

Cases were limited on the results of two-level PSO for correction of severe kyphosis caused by AS, nor on surgical strategies of this type of surgery.

Methods

From March 2006 to December 2010, nine consecutive AS patients with severe kyphotic deformity, underwent T12 and L3 PSOs. Chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA) and radiographic assessments which contain thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), global kyphosis (GK), and sagittal vertical axis were carefully recorded pre and postoperatively to evaluate the sagittal balance. Intra and postoperative complications were also registered. All patients were asked to fill out Oswestry Disability Index before surgery and at the last follow-up visit.

Results

All nine patients (8M/1F), averaged 41.4 years old (range 35–51 years), were received two-level (T12 and L3) PSO, and were followed up after surgery for a mean of 39.9 months (range 24–68 months). Good cosmetic results were achieved in all patients. Mean correction at two-level PSO was 67.9 ± 5.5°. All CBVA, TK, LL, and GK were changed significantly after surgery (P < 0.05), the mean amount of correction of which were 59.5 ± 13.8, 34.7 ± 3.8, 33.2 ± 2.4, and 54.0 ± 14.8 degrees, respectively, and with a small loss of correction at the last follow-up visit. Sagittal imbalance was significantly improved from 27.3 ± 4.4 to 3.4 ± 0.7 cm postoperatively. Neither mortalities nor any major neurological complications were found. The mean ODI score was significantly improved from 53.4 ± 15.5 before surgery to 8.2 ± 4.7 at the last visit.

Conclusion

The outcomes of follow-up showed that two-level (T12 and L3) PSO can effectively and safely correct severe thoracolumbar kyphosis in AS.     

TLIF入路椎体间单枚融合器植骨结合椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳

目的 评价经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术（TLIF）入路椎体间单枚融合器植骨结合椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳的疗效。方法 自2007-01-2012-12采用TLIF入路椎管减压、GSS或SINO内固定装置复位内固定、椎体间混合植骨、单枚cage应用治疗31例多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳,分析术后症状、体征改善情况。结果31例获得0.5-5年,平均1.5年的随访。按侯树勋等制定的疗效评定标准评定疗效：优26例,良5例。按JOA下腰痛疾患疗效评定标准,改善率达90%-98%。结论 应用TLIF入路椎体间单枚融合器植骨结合椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳具有减压彻底、微创植骨易融合、神经副损伤少等优点,是治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症及腰椎不稳的理想方法。     

经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗高龄患者腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的临床研究

目的观察经皮椎弓根钉治疗高龄老人腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的临床疗效。方法201O年4月～2013年8月28例腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛的高龄老人,采用经皮椎弓根钉内固定实施治疗,对比术前、术后1周、术后6个月视觉模拟评分（VAS）和功能障碍指数（ODI）,记录手术时间及术中出血量,评价临床疗效。结果本组28例患者,术前视觉模拟评分（VAS）为（7．61±1．22）分,功能障碍指数（OO!）为（53．12±3．32）分：采用经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗,术后1周内均带护腰支具下地活动,下地后术前腰痛症状消失或明显缓解,术后2周伤口甲级愈合并拆线。术后1周VAS为（2．30±0．98）分,0DI为（7．64±1．23）分;平均手术时间130分钟,平均出血量110ml。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6个月,随访时VAS为（2．12±1．33）分,ODI为（8．46±2．20）分。结论经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗高龄老人腰椎退变性滑脱所致腰痛疗效确切。     

Biomechanical study of the funnel technique applied in thoracic pedicle screw replacement

Background

Funnel technique is a method used for the insertion of screw into thoracic pedicle.

Aim

To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of thoracic pedicle screw placement using the Funnel technique, trying to provide biomechanical basis for clinical application of this technology.

Methods

14 functional spinal units (T6 to T10) were selected from thoracic spine specimens of 14 fresh adult cadavers, and randomly divided into two groups, including Funnel technique group (n=7) and Magerl technique group (n=7). The displacement-stiffness and pull-out strength in all kinds of position were tested and compared.

Results

Two fixed groups were significantly higher than that of the intact state (P<0.05) in the spinal central axial direction, compression, anterior flexion, posterior bending, lateral bending, axial torsion, but there were no significant differences between two fixed groups (P>0.05). The mean pull-out strength in Funnel technique group (789.09±27.33) was lower than that in Magerl technique group (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The Funnel technique for the insertion point of posterior bone is a safe and accurate technique for pedicle screw placement. It exhibited no effects on the stiffness of spinal column, but decreased the pull-out strength of pedicle screw. Therefore, the funnel technique in the thoracic spine affords an alternative for the standard screw placement.     

Needle Embolization: Suspecting Needle Migration in Intravenous Drug Abusers

BackgroundThirteen million people inject drugs globally, making intravenous drug abuse a substantial concern worldwide. While intravenous drug users occasionally report the breaking of a needle into the skin or subcutaneous tissue, central needle migration remains a rare but potentially devastating complication.Case ReportA 27-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse presented to the emergency department with the sudden onset of left-sided neck pain, chills, and subjective fever with a history of needle breaking in his left neck 3 weeks earlier while using heroin. A computed tomography scan of his chest revealed a needle lodged in the right ventricle with associated mediastinitis and mass effect on the left brachiocephalic vein, and a left internal jugular thrombus. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. This patient was managed nonsurgically for several reasons and was discharged on hospital day 12 with oral antibiotics.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Intravenous drug abusers commonly use cervical veins when their peripheral vasculature has become sclerosed. This puts intravenous drug users at increased risk for intravascular embolization. Due to varied symptomology—chest pain, dyspnea, fever, or asymptomatic—and timelines—days, weeks, or months—after reported needle fragmentation, this remains a complex and likely underdiagnosed condition. Case reports describe serious complications of intracardiac needle embolization, such as cardiac perforation, constrictive pericarditis, septic endocarditis, dysrhythmias, granulomas, venous thrombosis, empyema, acute or delayed spontaneous pneumothorax, osteomyelitis, and valvular damage. In this complicated patient population, clinicians should consider needle retention and relocation in patients who report needle breaking or in those who present with chest pain, dyspnea, or fever among other complaints.