Prevalence and risk factors of Giardia doudenalis in dogs from China

The aim of this study was to carry out a survey for the presence of Giardia duodenalis infection in canine using ELISA and PCR and to identify risk factors for infection. Samples from 318 dogs’ feces living in nine cities in China were used in the present study. Each sample was tested for the presence of G. duodenalis-specific antigens using ELISA and 197 out of 318 samples were further examined for the presence of G. duodenalis using PCR. The overall rate of canines infected with giardiasis in the present study was 16.04?% and 15.22?% using ELISA and PCR, respectively. No significant difference was found between sex and Giardia positivity. Young dogs (up to one year) and living in communities were identified as risk factors for infection by multivariate logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, giardiasis in dogs was present in nine cities in China; as risk factors, young dogs (up to one year) and living in communities were of great significance. Giardia-infected canine should be treated for hygienic management to prevent transmission of the infection from dog to human.     

新型超临界CO2萃取物三伏贴巴布剂的经皮渗透研究

目的:考察新型三伏贴巴布剂中超临界CO2萃取成分的经皮渗透性,为含超临界CO2萃取物三伏贴巴布剂的研制提供实验依据.方法:利用改良Franze透皮扩散装置进行超临界CO2萃取物三伏贴巴布剂的经皮渗透试验,分别以细辛酯素、延胡索乙素为指标成分,高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定药物含量求算累积渗透量(Q)与稳态透皮速率(Js).结果:新型超临界CO2萃取物三伏贴巴布剂中细辛酯素和延胡索乙素均能有效经皮渗透,细辛酯素的透皮动力学方程为Q =15.410 t1/2-7.877,r=0.977,延胡索乙素的透皮动力学方程为Q=9.066t1/2-6.796,r=0.991,16 h平均累积渗透百分数分别为(31.42±2.41)％和(12.65±0.97)％.结论:新型三伏贴巴布剂中超临界CO2萃取成分具有良好的经皮渗透性,经皮给药有望作为三伏贴超临界CO2萃取物的一种新给药途径.     

2020年陕西省一起布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情的调查分析

目的 调查2020年陕西省泾阳县一起家庭布鲁氏菌病(布病)暴发疫情的原因,明确传染源和传播途径,为阻断疫情传播提供科学依据。方法 对报告病例开展布病流行病学调查,并对病例和牲畜进行布病检测和布鲁氏菌分离培养鉴定种型,对结果进行描述和分析。结果 共发现7例确诊病例和6例隐性感染者;确诊病例发病时间为3月18日至5月7日,临床表现以发热为主;经分析,病例发病与食用牛肉无关联(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.08~2.85),与去过首发病例家有关(OR=141.00, 95%CI:17.15~1 159.28);13例病例、2只羊和2只公犬布鲁氏菌抗体检测阳性,血清抗体滴度从1∶100(++)到1∶800(++++)以上;从2例病例、2只羊和1只公犬血液中共分离到5株布鲁氏菌,均为羊种3型,MLVA-16基因型均为(1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2-4-41-8-6-4-3-4-5)。结论 该起布病家庭暴发疫情的原因为公犬叼食了布病阳性羊只的流产物而感染布病,继而人通过与病犬直接接触以及接触被病犬污染的水等生活物质而发病。     

Blood glucose regulation using an open-loop insulin delivery system in pancreatectomized dogs given glucose infusions

Summary This study characterizes the glycaemic and insulin responses of a group of 5 anaesthetized dogs to a portal glucose infusion of 10 mg/kg/min before and after pancreatectomy. Insulin was administered intraportally to the pancreatectomized dogs according to a simple preprogrammed waveform composed of a constant basal rate of 0.35±0.02 mU/kg/min which was increased to 2.00mU/kg/min at the time of the 60 minute glucose challenge. When this square waveform was applied the glycaemic response was similar to that seen in the normal controls in the baseline and challenge periods. Blood glucose concentration differed significantly (p<0.05) only from 20 to 100 minutes after the end of the challenge when it was higher by 20±1 mg/dl. Insulin levels were not significantly different from controls. It may be concluded that normoglycaemia and normoinsulinaemia can be maintained by a simple constant rate of portal insulin delivery while the blood glucose response to a glucose infusion can be ostensibly normalized without hyperinsulinaemia simply by enhancing insulin delivery during the challenge. The feasibility of this approach implies that with further development of the preprogrammed waveforms and with a greater understanding of their characteristics portable insulin delivery systems may be realized which accomodate more physiological challenges. The portal route for insulin delivery may however be necessary if peripheral hyperinsulinism is inappropriate.     

Influence of acoustic stress by noise on gastrointestinal motility in dogs

The effects of acoustic stress (AS) on gastrointestinal motility and their prevention by previous treatment with naloxone, phentolamine, propranolol, muscimol, and diazepam were investigated in intact and vagotomized fasted dogs fitted with chronically implanted strain gauges on the antrum at 10 cm from pylorus and on the jejunum at 70 and 140 cm from the pylorus. These effects were compared to those produced by intracerebroventricular administration of ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF). Beginning 40–50 min after the occurrence of a gastric migrating motor complex (MMC), a 1-hr hearing of prerecorded intense music through earpieces (<100 dB) delayed the occurrence of the next gastric MMC observed after 2.8±1.2 hr, while jejunal MMC were still present at a normal frequency. During AS, heart rate and plasma cortisol were significantly increased by 32.7 and 215%, respectively, 10–15 min after the beginning of hearing. The AS-induced lengthening of the gastric MMC cycle as well as cortisol increase were abolished after previous administration of diazepam (0.5 mg/kg intramuscular) or muscimol (10 g/kg intravenous), while they were still present after naloxone (0.1 mg/kg intravenous), phentolamine (0.2 mg/kg intravenous), or propranolol (0.1 mg/kg intravenous). CRF administered intracerebroventricularly (100 ng/kg) also delayed the occurrence of gastric MMC without affecting jejunal motility, and this effect was not antagonized by previous treatment with diazepam or muscimol. Both the effects of AS and CRF were abolished after bilateral thoracic vagotomy. These results suggest that the selective inhibition of gastric motility induced by noise in dog is due to the CNS release of CRF which affects, in turn, the vagal output to the stomach. The suppressive action of diazepam or GABA agonist on noise-induced gastric hypomotility may be related to blockade of the AS-induced CRF release.     

犬同种异体腰椎间盘移植的手术技术

[目的]研究并描述一种在无内固定辅助条件下建立犬同种异体椎间盘移植模型的手术技术。[方法]选取1岁龄健康杂种犬25只,处死其中的5只,在无菌条件下取L1~6椎间盘共25个液氮保存,剩余20只犬用于建立L5、6椎间盘移植模型的研究。术中,术后1、4、6、8、12周进行X线检查,观察移植椎间盘的位置、高度变化以及相邻椎体的愈合情况。[结果]椎间盘移植术前选取合适大小的供体椎间盘,术中注意保留前、后纵韧带及对侧纤维环,可以实现在无内固定条件下成功建立同种异体椎间盘移植模型。本研究椎间盘移植成功17例,其余2例出现椎间盘脱出,1例出现椎间盘感染。术后3个月影像学检查示移植椎间盘的上下终板与相邻椎体形成骨性愈合。与术前相比,术后3个月随访椎间盘高度无明显变化(P>0.05)。[结论]采用恰当的手术技术,有助于在无内固定辅助下成功实施同种异体椎间盘移植手术。本研究提供了一种建立犬同种异体椎间盘移植模型的可行的手术方案。     

体外和体内内皮化在胶原包埋羟基磷灰石涂层的人工机械瓣膜的实验研究

目的：通过体外内皮化和体内内皮化,探讨沉积胶原包埋羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层人工机械瓣膜的可行性及其在人工机械瓣膜支架体内的再细胞化能力。方法制备犬血管内皮细胞（VEC）悬液,接种在胶原包埋 HA 涂层人工机械瓣膜材料上,置培养箱内分组培养如下：①37℃孵箱中静态培养2周;②动态旋转培养装置中培养2周,比较两组 VEC 分泌一氧化氮（NO）、前列环素（PGI2）水平;再分别将人工机械瓣膜植入犬右心房,术后6周,取出部分材料,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下观察 VEC 在 HA 材料上的附着情况,了解 HA支架材料在体内的再细胞化能力。结果与静态系统相比,人工机械瓣膜在动态旋转系统构建胶原包埋 HA 涂层 VEC分泌 NO 、PGI2水平显著升高（P ＜0．05）;在犬右心房人工机械瓣膜取出材料中,动态旋转系统构建胶原包埋 HA 涂层VEC 层均匀分布,并有心脏内皮细胞附着,而静态培养系统中 VEC 层分布不均匀,胶原包埋 HA 涂层有心脏血管内皮细胞附着,而单纯人工机械瓣薄膜表面出现较多的血栓形成。结论动态旋转系统中构建的组织工程化瓣膜模型中, VEC 可能成为组织工程化机械瓣膜材料;胶原包埋的 HA 涂层人工机械瓣膜有利于 VEC 的黏附和生长。     

IgE Reactivity of the Dog Lipocalin Allergen Can f 4 and the Development of a Sandwich ELISA for Its Quantification

Purpose

Divergent results on the IgE reactivity of dog-allergic subjects to Can f 4 have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of Can f 4 in dog allergy and to develop an immunochemical method for measuring Can f 4 content in environmental samples.

Methods

We purified the natural dog allergen Can f 4 from a dog dander extract by monoclonal antibody-based affinity chromatography and generated its variant in a recombinant form. Sixty-three dog-allergic patients and 12 nonallergic control subjects were recruited in the study. The IgE-binding capacity of natural Can f 4 and its recombinant variant was assessed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and skin prick tests (SPT).

Results

Eighty-one percent of the dog-allergic patients showed a positive result to the immunoaffinity-purified natural Can f 4 in IgE ELISA, but only 46% in IgE immunoblotting. Respective results with the recombinant Can f 4 variant were 54% and 49%. SPT results reflected those obtained in ELISA and immunoblotting. The overall IgE reactivity of the immunoaffinity-purified natural Can f 4 was found to depend strongly on the integrity of the allergen''s conformation. A sandwich ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies was found to be functional for measuring Can f 4 in environmental samples.

Conclusions

Can f 4 is a major allergen of dog together with Can f 1 and Can f 5. In combination with other dog allergens, it improves the reliability of allergy tests in dog allergy.     

Anatomical Variations in the Pseudosylvian Fissure Morphology of Brachy‐, Dolicho‐, and Mesaticephalic Dogs

The purpose of the study is the following: (1) to anatomically characterize the right and the left pseudosylvian fissure (Psf) morphology; (2) to determine Psf variations between both hemispheres and between the three considered groups; and (3) to understand how these variations may influence brain surgery for dogs. Also we sought to determine whether there are any potential differences between brachy‐ (B), dolicho‐ (D), and mesaticephalic (M) dogs. The present study considered 138 brain hemispheres (N = 138) from 69 adult dog cadavers and used bregma craniometric point (b‐ the junction of coronal and sagittal cranial vault sutures) to characterize the Psf location on the superolateral brain surface. For statistical analysis, P values <0.05 were considered significant. The Psf was easily identified in all specimens at both hemispheres. Statistically significant differences for Psf width were registered between the groups, presenting M as the narrowest Psf regions. Fissure body length can be sorted in ascending order as D < M < B in both hemispheres, with the left Psf bigger than the right for all considered skulls. The greatest difference was registered in the B group with the left Psf 25.0% bigger than the right. Bregma has proved to be useful to appoint Psf location as more superior or inferior in the encephalic lateral surface, exhibiting in all groups the left Psf a superior position. For the groups the most inferior location was registered in M and the most superior in D. Understanding the Psf morphology and anatomical variations may provide important information to ensure safer intracranial procedures. Anat Rec, 298:1255–1260, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.