Equine herpesvirus type 1 infected cell polypeptides: evidence for immediate early/early/late regulation of viral gene expression

EHV-1 polypeptide synthesis was examined in productively infected rabbit kidney and hamster embryo cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses of extracts from [35S]methionine- and 3H-amino acid-labeled-infected and mock-infected cultures revealed the presence of 30 infected cell-specific polypeptides (ICPs) which ranged in apparent molecular weights from 16.5K to 213K. Twenty-two of these ICPs comigrated with virion structural proteins. Four ICPs (203K, 176K, 151K, 129K) were detected in extracts of infected cultures labeled in the presence or absence of actinomycin D (Act D) immediately after release from a 4-hr treatment with cycloheximide (CH). These polypeptides, which were designated as EHV-1 immediate early (alpha) ICPs, were not detected in unblocked (non-CH-treated) infected cells. The most abundant ICP was a 31.5K nonstructural protein which, in addition to a 74K protein, was detected in unblocked infected cells at 2-3 hr postinfection. These proteins appeared to be regulated as early (beta) ICPs, since neither protein was observed in Act D-treated cultures released from CH block. Twelve ICPs were classified as late (gamma) polypeptides on the basis of their reduced synthesis in cultures in which viral DNA replication was inhibited by phosphonoacetic acid. All but one (40K) of these late ICPs corresponded to virion structural proteins.     

Karyotypic evolution in Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in relation to management and disease progression

In a prospective study of 32 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia the frequency of chromosome abnormalities in addition to the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) increased when the disease progressed. Before metamorphosis, 10 patients (31%) had developed additional abnormalities. Such abnormalities were present in three of them at the time of diagnosis; in the other seven, they were detected late in the chronic phase. New clonal abnormalities heralded or accompanied a more malignant phase of the disorder, usually a blastic leukemia. During metamorphosis, 78% of the patients had additional abnormalities, which in 68% of these cases comprised at least one of +8, +22q- or i(17q). Clones with additional abnormalities disappeared in eight cases, either spontaneously or in association with cytostatic therapy during the chronic or blastic phase. Involvement of chromosome #8, usually in the form of a trisomy, was found in 7 of 12 patients treated with busulfan, but was not found in any of the 10 hydroxyurea-treated patients, of whom 8 were splenectomized early during the chronic phase. Cells from the spleen, obtained by fine needle aspiration or splenectomy were cytogenetically examined in 18 cases during the chronic phase, but abnormalities in addition to the Ph were noted in only one patient, who was examined in the late chronic phase. The same abnormalities were present in bone marrow cells of this patient.     

Axonal trajectory of single group Ia and Ib fibers in the cat spinal cord

Intracellular staining with HRP of physiologically identified group Ia and Ib afferent fibers in the adult cat lumbosacral cord revealed that group Ia and Ib fibers take a similar course in the dorsal funiculus, but the collaterals emerging from them show a different topographical distribution and a different mode of branching in the gray matter. Ia collaterals terminate in laminae VI, VII, IX, and sometimes VIII, whereas Ib collaterals terminate only in lamina VI, or both VI and IX. In lamina IX, two large motor-type neurons received terminations of both Ia and Ib fibers at the same time.     

Growth rate and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) incidence of bone marrow cells in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML)

The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) incidence and growth kinetics have been studied by means of an in vitro bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) chromosome labeling method in the bone marrow cells of 17 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients with only diploid cells at diagnosis, remission, and relapse of the disease. At diagnosis, the cells tended to exhibit a low SCE frequency as compared to that during remission. An increased SCE frequency was observed after chemotherapy during remission or relapse. At diagnosis and relapse, when leukemic blast cells predominated in the marrow, they were characterized by the predominance of cells that had undergone only one cell cycle after BrdU exposure. In contrast, the marrow cells during remission tended to resemble the control pattern of growth kinetics, with a predominance of cells undergoing second and third cell cycles in the presence of BrdU. These results suggest that the growth rate of leukemic and nonleukemic cells is different, and that chemotherapy can cause an increased SCE frequency in the marrow cells of AML patients irrespective of the state of the disease.     

骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连的临床应用

报道用骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连、骨坏死的手术方法及疗效。方法：根据应用解剖学研究，设计以骨间前动脉腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣，顺行移位修复尺、桡骨骨不连，逆行移位修复手舟骨、月骨不连与骨坏死。结果：临床应用19例，随访1年，在术后3～6月均达到骨愈合和骨坏死修复，关节活动功能明显改善。结论：骨间前血管腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣移位术适合邻近骨不连、骨坏死修复。     

基于小波变换的小鼠QRS复合波检测

采用二进小波变换与斜率和幅度相结合的方法，对小鼠QRS复合波进行检测。根据小鼠QRS复合波的特点，采用Daubechics小波为母函烽，按照ECG的频谱特点选用尺度因子，对有噪声污染和形态变异的QRS复合波进行了检测。结果表明：小波变换对小鼠QRS复合波的检测是一种有效的方法。     

Congenital posterior cervical spine malformation due to biallelic c.240‐4T>G RIPPLY2 variant: A discrete entity

The clinical and radiological spectrum of spondylocostal dysostosis syndromes encompasses distinctive costo‐vertebral anomalies. RIPPLY2 biallelic pathogenic variants were described in two distinct cervical spine malformation syndromes: Klippel–Feil syndrome and posterior cervical spine malformation. RIPPLY2 is involved in the determination of rostro‐caudal polarity and somite patterning during development. To date, only four cases have been reported. The current report aims at further delineating the posterior malformation in three new patients. Three patients from two unrelated families underwent clinical and radiological examination through X‐ray, 3D computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. After informed consent was obtained, family‐based whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Complex vertebral segmentation defects in the cervico‐thoracic spine were observed in all patients. WES led to the identification of the homozygous splicing variant c.240‐4T>G in all subjects. This variant is predicted to result in aberrant splicing of Exon 4. The current report highlights a subtype of cervical spine malformation with major atlo‐axoidal malformation compromising spinal cord integrity. This distinctive mutation‐specific pattern of malformation differs from Klippel–Feil syndrome and broadens the current classification, defining a sub‐type of RIPPLY2‐related skeletal disorder. Of note, the phenotype of one patient overlaps with oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum disorder.     

The antigen-presenting environment in normal and human papillomavirus (HPV)-related premalignant cervical epithelium

The activation of HPV-specific T cells within the cervical microenvironment is likely to play an important part in the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The extent and the type of T cell activation will depend critically on the expression of MHC, costimulatory cell surface molecules and cytokines by keratinocytes and Langerhans cells within the cervical lesion. Expression of MHC class II (HLA-A-DR and -DQ), costimulatory/adhesion molecules (CD11a/18, CD50, CD54, CD58 and CD86) and cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-10) was therefore investigated by immunohistochemistry in normal squamous epithelium (n = 12), low-grade (n = 23) and high-grade (n = 18) squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. CIN progression was associated with de novo expression of HLA-DR and CD54, and increased expression of CD58 by keratinocytes. However, significantly, there was no expression of any adhesion/costimulation molecule by epithelial Langerhans cells in any cervical biopsy studied. Furthermore, TNF-alpha, a potent activator of Langerhans cells, was expressed constitutively by basal keratinocytes in normal cervix (12+/12). but expression of this cytokine was absent in a number of CIN samples (20+/23 for low-grade, 12+/18 for high-grade CIN). Conversely, the suppressive cytokine IL-10 was absent in normal epithelium (0+/12), but was up-regulated in a number of CIN lesions (12+/23 for low-grade; 8+/18 for high-grade CIN). The restricted expression of costimulation/adhesion molecules and the nature of the cytokine microenvironment within the epithelium may act to limit effective immune responses in some CIN lesions.     

Value of papanicolaou smear in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection

This study was undertaken to assess the value of Papanicolaou smear for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The study was both retrospective (groups I and II) and prospective (group III). Group I consisted of 41 smears with cytomorphological changes proposed by Gupta, Kiviat, or Shiina. Group II was a control group, consisting of 30 cytologically normal smears. All these smears were subjected to specific immunofluorescent (IF) staining under identical conditions to confirm the diagnosis. In group III, 40 consecutive duplicate cervical smears were collected from patients attending the Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic. One smear was routinely examined, and the specific IF staining was done on the other smear. The results in all the three groups were analysed. It was concluded that Papanicolaou smear is not useful in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.     

盐酸多奈哌齐对轻、中型脑外伤患者认知障碍的治疗作用

目的 探讨盐酸多奈哌齐对轻、中型脑外伤患者认知障碍及临床预后的影响。方法 78例轻、中型脑外伤并认知障碍患者被随机分成治疗组和对照组，治疗组应用盐酸多奈哌齐10mg／d，对照组应用吡拉西坦8mg，一日3次服用，两组的治疗周期为12周。治疗前及治疗后12周，分别应用简明精神状态检测量表（MMSE）、国人修订成人韦氏智利量表（WAIS-RC）和格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）评价疗效。结果 两组在治疗后12周，MMSE和WAIS-RC评分均较治疗前提高（P〈0．05）。治疗后12周，治疗组MMSE和WAIS-RC评分较对照组高（P〈0．05），治疗组GOS预后优良率明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 盐酸多奈哌齐对轻、中型脑外伤后认知障碍有积极治疗作用，并能改善临床预后。