广东高本底辐射地区老年居民淋巴细胞永生化细胞系的建立

目的 建立辐射高本底地区老年居民外周血永生化细胞系,以保存高本底居民特有的基因组资源,为进一步开展天然本底辐射的遗传学和分子生物学研究提供材料。方法 在知情同意的情况下收集20例高本底地区老年男性居民的外周血样品,采用EB病毒转化技术,把外周血B淋巴细胞转化成永生化淋巴母细胞系,冻存复苏后,进行细胞活性检测和排除细菌、支原体污染,并用遗传学方法检测其建系前后的遗传稳定性。结果 成功建立20例40株细胞株,所有建成的细胞株冻存后复苏成功率为100%。活性细胞大于90%,无细菌和支原体污染,G显带分析结果为转化后第20代细胞的染色体核型未发生改变。结论 本研究建立的高本底地区老年居民永生细胞系在遗传学特性上是稳定的,可用于进一步的天然本底辐射的遗传学和分子生物学研究。     

Racial background is a determinant of average warfarin dose required to maintain the INR between 2.0 and 3.0

Warfarin is a commonly used prophylactic agent for the prevention of thromboembolic disease. We hypothesized that racial background influenced warfarin dosage, and tested this by recording the international normalized ratio (INR) in 867 patients aged 40-90 routinely passing through our Anticoagulation Service whose target INR was 2-3. Mean (95% confidence interval) dose was 4.1 (4.0-4.2) mg/d in 737 Caucasians, 5.5 (4.9-6.1) mg/d in 72 Asians, and 6.7 (5. 8-7.6) mg/d in 58 Afro-Caribbeans (P < 0.05) between each group). In a subgroup of 302 (41 Asians, 22 Afro-Caribbeans, 239 Caucasians), body mass index did not influence warfarin use. Despite small numbers, we conclude that racial background, but not body mass index, is a determinant of warfarin dosage. The reasons for this could be genetic, cultural (diet related), or both.     

东北地区春季军事基础训练最佳天气分析

以中国东北４７个台站的６年逐日气象资料，分析了体感指数气候特征；找出了春季军事基础训练最佳日期、不同强度舒适训练的天数的分布，并作了区划；研究绘制出了东北地区体感指数气候分布图，对克服不良天气影响，减少训练伤，提高训练效率，具有实际意义     

Background suppression using magnetization preparation for contrast-enhanced MR projection angiography.

In contrast-enhanced MR projection angiography, vessel conspicuity is determined by the T(1)-weighted signal difference between blood and surrounding tissues. For slice-selective excitation pulses, the excitation angle varies across the slice, leading to poor saturation of the background signal at the slice edge and reducing the blood-background signal difference. This work reports on the use of magnetization preparation to enhance the T(1)-weighted contrast between blood and background tissue. Applying the prepulse nonselectively reduces the influence of the slice profile imperfections of the excitation pulse by keeping the background tissue at the slice edge saturated. Analytical calculations and in vitro experiments show that a prepulse angle of 110 degrees -130 degrees and a delay time of 20-25 ms enhance the contrast between contrast-enhanced blood (T(1) < 50 ms) and background tissues (T(1) > 200 ms), and improve the slice weighting profile. Magnetization preparation is shown to effectively suppress signal from background tissue, resulting in a threefold increase of the vessel-to-background signal ratio. Magnetization preparation eliminates the need for subtraction at the cost of a slight increase in scan time. Possible applications, such as projection MRA, detection of contrast arrival, and test-bolus tracking are demonstrated in a pig model. Magn Reson Med 46:78-87, 2001.     

影响成年癫痫患者生活质量因素的研究

目的对影响成年癫痫患者生活质量的各种因素进行分析和探讨。方法采用美国癫痫患者生活质量量表（QOLIE-31）对110例患者进行调查，分析各种因素对生活质量的影响程度，用SPSS11．5统计软件进行处理。结果不同性别间除了对发作的担忧外，其他各项均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；不同婚姻状况比较除了认知功能外，其他各项差异较明显（P〈0．01）；病程〈10年与≥10年的患者在对发作的担忧、认知功能、社会功能方面有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；单药组和多药组患者在对发作的担忧、药物影响、社会功能方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；不同的发作类型间除了总体健康水平外，其他各项均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），不同学历在对发作的担忧、综合生活质量、情绪健康、精力／疲乏、认知功能、社会功能方面有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论可以认为性别对癫痫患者生活质量无明显影响，病程和用药种类对患者生活质量有一定的影响，学历、婚姻状况和发作类型对患者生活质量影响较显著。     

BOLD background gradient contributions in diffusion‐weighted fMRI—comparison of spin‐echo and twice‐refocused spin‐echo sequences

The interaction (‘cross terms’) between diffusion‐weighting gradients and susceptibility‐induced background gradient fields around vessels has an impact on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements and diffusion‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging (DFMRI) experiments. Monte‐Carlo (MC) simulations numerically integrating the Bloch equations for a large number of random walks in a vascular model were used to investigate to what extent such interactions would influence the extravascular signal change as well as the ADC change observed in DFMRI experiments. The vascular model consists of a set of independent, randomly oriented, infinite cylinders whose internal magnetic susceptibility varies as the state changes between rest and activation. In such a network, the cross terms result in the observation of a functional increase in ADC accompanied by a descending percent signal change with increasing diffusion weighting. It is shown that the twice‐refocused spin‐echo sequence permits sufficient yet not total suppression of such effects compared to the standard Stejskal‐Tanner spin‐echo diffusion weighting under experimentally relevant conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论民族地区高校师资队伍学缘结构的优化

高校师资队伍学缘结构不合理现象在民族地区高校中普遍存在。通过调查问卷、实地考察和比较分析等方法，以右江民族医学院为研究对象，对民族地区高校师资队伍的学缘结构现状进行了分析，提出了优化学缘结构的具体措施。     

The effects on patient well‐being of music listening as a nursing intervention: a review of the literature

? A review of the therapeutic potential of music listening as a nursing intervention was performed. ? It revealed that evidence from a variety of fields and clinical specialities existed, including the use of music in critical care environments, surgical settings, dental surgery applications, mental healthcare, pain control, and generally for the control of anxiety and promotion of relaxation. ? Due to a number of reasons, including the variety of dependent variables that were measured and methodological issues such as the use of small sample sizes, it is difficult to form any firm conclusions. ? Tentatively, the research seems to indicate that there often appear to be positive changes in physiological variables measured, although these changes are not consistent, nor are they always statistically significant. ? More confidence can be placed in research that examines psychological variables, as a consistent positive impact on certain measures has been found.     

护理人员学历教育现状及需求的调查分析

目的 为了解护理人员学历教育现状和对学历教育的需求,帮助她们解决学习中的实际困难,提高护理队伍的业务素养及学历层次。方法 采用随机抽样及闭合式问卷,对6所医院263名护理人员进行了调查。结果 不同年龄组护理人员的学历程度以及参加学历教育的人数均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。护理人员在学习中遇到的困难依次为:工学矛盾、缺少老师辅导、缺乏信心及基础差学习困难。“没有时间和精力”是影响护理人员参加学历教育的主要因素。结论 护理管理者必须积极参加高层次的学历教育,提高学识水平;强化竞争意识,提高护理人员接受学历教育的自觉性;制定有效的激励机制,提高护理人员参加学历教育的积极性。     

Simulation-based education promoting situation awareness in undergraduate nursing students: A scoping review

AimTo examine simulation-based education (SBE) strategies on situation awareness (SA) in nursing students including the strategies of SBE, the measurement tools of SA during SBE and the effectiveness of SBE on SA.BackgroundSA has been reported as an effective way to identify and manage deteriorating patients. Researchers have suggested that SBE is more effective than other instructional modalities in improving SA. However, SA among nursing students and studies regarding the effectiveness of SBE on SA are limited.DesignThe Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used to guide the review process and the PRISMA-ScR checklist was used to report on this scoping review.MethodsThe databases searched were Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, EBSCO and Google Scholar from December 2020 to November 2021. Thematic analysis was applied to identify the main findings in the literature.ResultsNine eligible articles were included. Five major themes were identified: SBE situations used to teach SA to nursing students, SBE strategies to improve SA in nursing, effectiveness of SBE on SA in nursing, measurements of SA used during the SBE and experimental studies examining the effectiveness of SBE on SA.ConclusionThis review reveals that SBE may be useful to cultivate SA in nursing students. Future studies that use randomized clinical trials to test the effects of combining different simulation strategies on SA are suggested. Developing more reliable and valid SA global assessment queries and standardizing the query process of SA measurement is also recommended.