Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Physical Training in Type II (Non-insulin-dependent) Diabetes Mellitus

Seven middle-aged men with manifest type II diabetes mellitus underwent an endurance training programme for 10–15 weeks. The maximal aerobic capacity, as well as the endurance capacity, was improved by 10% (p<0.05). The intramuscular glycogen store increased by more than 80% (p<0.05) from 350 μmol/g dw (dry weight), and the activities of citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase increased by more than 50% (p<0.05) and 30% (p<0.05). The activity of glycogen synthase was decreased by approximately 20% (p<0.05), whereas lactate dehydrogenase remained unchanged. Capillaries/fibre and fibre area increased by more than 50% (p<0.05) and 30% (p<0.05) leaving the area of supply constant. Training did not influence fasting blood lipids and glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin response to an oral glucose load measured 72 hours post-exercise. It is concluded that patients with manifest type II diabetes, as normoglycaemic individuals, adapt to physical training. However, no persistent effect on glucohomeostasis and lipaemia is produced by short-term training in the diabetic patients.     

Cancer risks associated with 10 inorganic dusts: results from a case-control study in Montreal

A multicancer site, multifactor case-control study was undertaken to generate hypotheses about possible occupational carcinogens. Probing interviews were carried out with eligible cases, comprising all incident cases of 20 types of cancer who were male, aged 35-70 years, and a resident in Montreal. The interview was designed to obtain detailed lifetime job histories and information on potential confounders. Each job history was reviewed by a team of chemists and industrial hygienists who translated it into a history of occupational exposures. These occupational exposures were then analyzed as potential risk factors in relation to the sites of cancer included; 3,726 cases were interviewed. For each site of cancer analyzed, controls were selected from among the other sites in the study. This report concerns the associations between the 12 main types of cancer in our series and 10 inorganic dusts that are found mainly in construction and metal industries. All site-exposure combinations were investigated. After intensive control for confounding, nonadenocarcinoma (NAC) of the lung was associated with long duration-high level exposure to silica (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4), excavation dust (OR = 1.9), concrete dust (OR = 2.5), abrasives dust (OR = 1.4), and alumina (OR = 1.5). It was difficult to disentangle the relative effects of those substances, and confounding among them was a distinct possibility. Although residual confounding by some uncontrolled factors may explain the elevated ORs, the results were compatible with the hypothesis of a nonspecific relation between NAC of the lung and respirable inorganic dusts as a class. Other associations that remained suggestive after in-depth analysis were silica and stomach cancer (OR = 1.2) and concrete dust and lymphoma (OR = 2.9).     

Aptitude for physical exercise in a population of female hospital workers

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical capacity in a female hospital population of Paris and its suburbs. A total of 1505 women working in the selected departments filled in a questionnaire concerning their working conditions, life habits and health and also attended a medical examination. The effort test performed consisted in flexing the legs 20 times with the chest held straigt, in 40 s. The heart rates were measured for the first, the second and the third minutes of recovery (first 15 s multiplied by 4). The blood pressure was measured just after the heart rate, for the first and the third minute. Recovery indices have been constituted from the results. The respective weights of anthropometric and sociodemographic risk factors for recovery indices were studied in multiple logistic regression models. The classification enables us to consider about 25%–30% of our population as having a satisfactory physical capacity, about 26%–27% as having an acceptable capacit, and about 24%–27% as having a weak capacity. About 21% of the population presented an excessive pressure reaction and 44% a questionable pressure reaction. Our results concerning the level of physical capacity of the female nursing staff should be taken into account especially in the future planning of work loads and architectural choices, which must avoid excessive physical burdens in relation to this level. An improvement in the level of physical capacity could be envisaged as well.     

试论综合艺术教育本科专业建设

我国艺术素质教育的改革和专业建设涉及到研究生教育、本科教育和中小学教育等三个层面，目前本科建设是一个至关重要但较为薄弱的环节；分门别类艺术教育和综合艺术教育各有其不同的目标定位。二者之间的并存与互融成为一种历史的必然；综合艺术教育本科专业的建设可吸收借鉴历史的、现实的、外来的多种经验。研究生教育层面的艺术学学科理论与教育体系的确立。国家《全日制义务教育艺术教育课程标准》的出台及其实践等，可以说是本科综合艺术教育专业的上线与下线、催化剂和基础动力。     

Day-to-day variations in serum iron,serum iron binding capacity,serum ferritin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations in anaemic subjects

Day-to-day variations in serum iron, serum iron binding capacity, serum ferritin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin were determined on 2 successive days in 48 patients with anaemia. The correlation coefficients between the paired determinations were 0.86, 0.89, 0.95 and 0.95, and the day-to-day coefficients of variation (in per cent) were 33, 11, 12 and 13 for serum iron, serum iron binding capacity, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and serum ferritin, respectively. Thus, in patients with anaemia, day-to-day variations in serum iron, serum iron binding capacity, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and serum ferritin are at least as high as in healthy controls. The results indicate important limitations in the use, particularly, of serum iron in the clinical investigation of anaemia.     

后现代心理学概观

后现代心理学家反对以往的心理学理论和流派把心理或行为看作是一个独立于研究者的“实体”。后现代心理学的典型特征是反对基础主义和本质主义。它认为心理现象并不是一种“精神实在” ,而是一种文化的社会建构。后现代心理学的理论基础是社会建构论 ,多元文化论、后现代女性心理学都是后现代心理学的重要形式。     

多种措施并举,加强学风建设

多种措施并举,加强学风建设,包括以师德师风促学风建设、健全教育管理制度、构建具有自身特色的学生工作机制、建立行之有效的激励机制、实施本科生导师制和学导制、丰富教育形式、严肃考风考纪、积极开展课外科技文化活动等,获效显著:学生学习风气良好,自觉遵守校规校纪;学习气氛浓厚,学习成绩提高;涌现出了一大批先进集体和先进个人;优秀大学生先进群体引起社会各界强烈反响;创新与实践能力得到提升.     

Similarities in Skeletal Muscle Strength and Exercise Capacity Between Renal Transplant and Hemodialysis Patients

Exercise intolerance is common in hemodialysis (HD) and renal transplant (RTx) patients. Aim of the study was to assess to what extent exercise capacity and skeletal muscle strength of RTx patients differ from HD patients and healthy controls and to elucidate potential determinants of exercise capacity in RTx patients. Exercise capacity, muscle strength, lean body mass (LBM) and physical activity level (PAL) were measured by cycle-ergometry, isokinetic dynamometry, DEXA and Baecke Questionnaire, respectively, in 35 RTx, 16 HD and 21 controls. VO2peak and muscle strength of the RTx patients were significantly lower compared to controls (p<0.01), but not different compared to HD patients. In RTx patients, strength (p<0.001), PAL (p=0.001) and age (p=0.045) were significant predictors of VO2peak. Muscle strength was related to LBM (p=0.001) and age (p=0.001), whereas gender (p<0.001) and renal function (p=0.01) turned out to be significant predictors of LBM. No effects of corticosteroids were observed. Exercise capacity and muscle strength seem equally reduced in RTx and HD patients compared to controls. In RTx patients, muscle strength and PAL are highly related to exercise capacity. Renal function appears to be a significant predictor of LBM, and through the LBM, of muscle strength and exercise capacity.     

乙酰唑胺负荷MR灌注成像对脑血管储备功能的评估

目的探讨乙酰唑胺(ACZ)负荷MR灌注成像对评估脑血管储备功能的价值。方法运用磁共振灌注成像(perfusion-weighted imaging,PWI)对7例脑梗死患者口服ACZ前后分别进行对比剂首过期成像,分析PWI所得参数,包括脑血容量(regionalcerebral blood volume,rCBV)及血流平均通过时间(regional mean transit time,rMTT),以此评估脑血管储备功能(cerebrovascular re-serve capacity,CRC)。结果7例患者口服ACZ前后的rMTT图均发现视觉异常区,仅5例患者有rCBV异常区,并且rMTT异常的区域大于rCBV异常区;口服ACZ后rMTT图和rCBV图的异常区要小于口服ACZ前;rMTT异常区为rMTT延长,rCBV异常区则包括rCBV增加和rCBV减少2类。结论ACZ负荷磁共振PWI在脑血管储备功能研究中有重要价值。     

脑血流和灌注储备能力评价在有症状颅内动脉狭窄诊治中的价值

在有症状颅内动脉狭窄患者的脑血流和灌注储备能力尚未明确之前，仅根据患者的临床症状和动脉狭窄程度进行手术干预具有相当的盲目性。脑血流和灌注是评价是否存在脑缺血的最直接证据。由于侧支循环和脑血管本身储备能力，颅内血管狭窄和（或）血流速度下降等并不一定表明该血管供血区脑灌注下降。文章阐述了脑血流和灌注储备能力评价在有症状颅内动脉狭窄患者诊治中的价值。