白桦酸类化合物的研究进展

白桦酸类化合物是一类可以从多种植物中分离得到的天然产物，包括白桦酸、23-羟基白桦酸、白桦素及其衍生物等，是一类结构及作用机制相对新颖、具有抗HIV-1和抗肿增活性的天然化合物。对这类化合物的结构修饰和改造，目前已经获得大量具有良好生物活性的衍生物。现对这方面的研究进展进行综述。     

nm23-H1基因表达与鼻咽癌的早发转移

目的探讨nm23-H1基因产物的表达与鼻咽癌早发转移的关系.方法应用免疫组化S-P法对95例鼻咽癌组织蜡块进行nm23-H1检测.结果nm23-H1的阳性表达率为47.4%(45/95),早发转移组nm23-H1阳性率(26.7%)低于无转移组(60.0%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).nm23-H1表达与临床分期无关.结论nm23-H1阴性表达与鼻咽癌早发转移有关,nm23-H1的表达水平可能是预测中晚期鼻咽癌远处转移的一个重要的生物学指标.     

乳腺癌C-erbB-2nm23 BRCAl TopoⅡ的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌患者C-erbB-2、nm23、BRCAl、TopoⅡ的表达及其临床意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测73例乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2、nm23、BRCAl、TopoⅡ的表达.结果1、C-erbB-2在乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移组中阳性表达率为68.27%,非腋淋巴结转移组中阳性率36.42%,两组间C-erbB-2阳性表达率有显著差异(P＜0.05).在腋淋巴结转移阳性和阴性组中nm23阳性率表达分别是52.87%和74.62%,经统计学处理有显著差异(P＜0.05).并经统计学处理,二者之间有显著差异(P＜0.05).在淋巴结阳性组中,BRCAl低表达率达34.51%,淋巴结阴性组中,BRCAl高表达率达64.28%,两者经统计学处理差异显著(P＜0.05).而TopoⅡ阳性表达在两组中,差异无明显相关性(P＜0.05)结论联合检测C-erbB-2、nm23和BRCAl是衡量乳腺癌预后的重要指标,对于乳腺癌患者术后选择个性化化疗方案具有指导意义.     

Chemerin/chemR23对银屑病患者外周血Th9/Treg细胞平衡的影响

目的：探究chemerin对银屑病患者外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞9(helper T cells 9,Th9)/调节性T淋巴细胞 (regulatory T cells,Treg)免疫平衡的调节作用及其潜在的机制。方法：选取25例银屑病患者和20例健康志愿者,采用 磁珠分离法分离出受试者外周血中CD4+ T细胞,行实时RT-PCR和ELISA检测细胞中chemerin和其受体chemR23的表 达;用不同浓度的chemerin(50,100,150,200 ng/mL)分别处理从健康志愿者外周血分离得到的CD4+ T细胞,行MTT 比色法检测细胞活力以筛选最适浓度;采用ELISA检测炎性细胞因子水平;行流式细胞术检测Th9和Treg细胞数。 结果：与对照相比,银屑病患者外周血中chemerin和chemR23的表达均显著增加,Th 9/Treg比例明显上升(均P<0.05); 选取最适浓度150 ng/mL的chemerin处理CD4+ T细胞后,细胞中白细胞介素(IL)-6,IL-9和IL-17的水平均显著增加, Th9/Treg比例明显上升(均P<0.05),而chemR23沉默可反转chemerin对CD4+ T细胞的上述作用(均P<0.05)。结论： Chemerin通过chemR23调节银屑病患者外周血CD4+ T淋巴细胞中的Th 9/Treg细胞免疫平衡。     

FGF 23和Klotho蛋白水平在终末期肾病患者中与钙磷代谢及其伴发病的相关性

【摘要】 目的 探讨血清成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF 23）和Klotho蛋白水平在终末期肾病（ESRD）患者中与钙磷代谢、动脉硬化、左室肥厚的相关性。方法 选取2015年1月～2016年4月在大连大学附属中山医院血液净化科进行血液透析（HD）的患者50例为血透组、腹膜透析（PD）患者50例为腹透组,并选取同期在本院体检的健康人群30例为健康对照组。通过整理资料、实验室检测、超声科检查比较不同透析方式对FGF 23和Kloth蛋白水平的影响、同时分析FGF 23和Kloth蛋白水平与钙磷代谢、动脉硬化及左室肥厚的相关性。结果 血透、腹透组FGF 23水平明显高于健康对照组,且血透组FGF 23水平也明显高于腹透组,差异有统计学意义（P＜005）;血透组、腹透组Klotho蛋白水平明显低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜005）,血透组与腹透组Klotho蛋白水平相近,差异无统计学意义（P＞005）;FGF 23水平与钙磷代谢呈正相关（r =05323、05178、05178,P＜005）、与继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进呈正相关（r =03038,P＜005）、与颈动脉硬化呈正相关（r =02987,P＜005）;Kloth蛋白与钙磷代谢呈负相关（r = 05103、 01105、 05264,P＜005）、与继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进呈正相关（r =03254,P＜005）。结论 ESRD透析患者中FGF 23存在高表达,而Klotho蛋白存在低表达,它们与HD、PD患者发生高磷血症、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、动脉硬化关系密切。     

Does perioperative biological therapy increase 30-day post-operative complication rates in inflammatory bowel disease patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery? A systematic review

BackgroundBiopharmaceuticals revolutionised inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. However, it is postulated they compromise immunity, collagen production and angiogenesis resulting in infective post-operative complications and altered wound/anastomotic healing. Research has failed to agree on risks associated with perioperative biologics therefore it was anticipated that a systematic review may provide a consensus and contribute recommendations for clinical practice.MethodsA systematic review conducted as per PRISMA guidelines included a methodical search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE/Ovid and Cochrane Library using MeSH and/or keywords for papers published between 01/01/1998 and 04/02/2019.The population analysed included adult ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Indeterminate Colitis or IBD unclassified patients. The intervention was intra-abdominal surgery in patients treated with biological therapy in the preceding 12 weeks compared to patients who had intra-abdominal surgery without biological therapy within the defined timeframe. The primary outcome was surgical site infection (SSI) with secondary outcomes including wound dehiscence, intra-abdominal sepsis/abscess, systemic infection and anastomotic breakdown within 30 days post-procedure. Papers were evaluated by two independent reviewers and those included were assessed for quality/bias using the Newcastle–Ottowa scale.Results2064 UC, Crohn's and IC patients were analysed across 8 included studies. Several studies' multivariate analyses demonstrated corticosteroids to be independent predictors of morbidity. There are no increased complications associated with anti-TNFα exposure while vedolizumab increased SSI and small bowel obstruction.ConclusionProspective studies and randomised control trials are required to clarify study outcomes and recommendations published to date. Presently, biologics should continue to be used and considered beneficial in this population.     

Lack of effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against pneumococcal carriage density in Papua New Guinean infants

BackgroundPapua New Guinea (PNG) introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2014, with administration at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. PCV13 has reduced or eliminated carriage of vaccine types in populations with low pneumococcal carriage prevalence, carriage density and serotype diversity. This study investigated PCV13 impact on serotype-specific pneumococcal carriage prevalence, density, and serotype diversity in PNG infants, who have some of the highest reported rates of pneumococcal carriage and disease in the world.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs were collected at 1, 4 and 9 months of age from PCV13-vaccinated infants (n = 57) and age-/season-matched, unvaccinated infants (at approximately 1 month, n = 53; 4 months, n = 57; 9 months, n = 52). Serotype-specific pneumococcal carriage density and antimicrobial resistance genes were identified by qPCR and microarray.ResultsPneumococci were present in 89% of swabs, with 60 different serotypes and four non-encapsulated variants detected. Multiple serotype carriage was common (47% of swabs). Vaccine type carriage prevalence was similar between PCV13-vaccinated and unvaccinated infants at 4 and 9 months of age. The prevalence of non-vaccine type carriage was also similar between cohorts, with non-vaccine types present in three-quarters of samples (from both vaccinated and unvaccinated infants) by 4 months of age. The median pneumococcal carriage density was high and similar at each age group (~7.0 log₁₀ genome equivalents/mL). PCV13 had no effect on overall pneumococcal carriage density, vaccine type density, non-vaccine type density, or the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes.ConclusionPNG infants experience dense and diverse pneumococcal colonisation with concurrent serotypes from 1 month of age. PCV13 had no impact on pneumococcal carriage density, even for vaccine serotypes. The low prevalence of vaccine serotypes, high pneumococcal carriage density and abundance of non-vaccine serotypes likely contribute to the lack of PCV13 impact on carriage in PNG infants. Indirect effects of the infant PCV programs are likely to be limited in PNG. Alternative vaccines with broader coverage should be considered.     

Increased expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and MMP10, MMP23 in inflammatory bowel disease: Cross‐sectional study

It has been reported that EMMPRIN is involved in the regulation of immune response and the induction of MMPs production by fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to describe the intestinal gene expression and protein production of EMMPRIN, MMP23 and MMP10 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) and compared them with a control group. Gene expression of EMMPRIN, MMP10 and MMP23B was measured by RT‐PCR. In order to determine EMMPRIN and MMP protein expression, colonic tissues were immunostained. The results of the study showed EMMPRIN gene expression was upregulated in rectal mucosa from active (a)UC versus aCD patients (P = .045), remission (r)CD group (P = .0009) and controls (P < .0001). We detected differences between rUC and aCD (P = .004), rCD (P < .0001) or control group (P < .0001). EMMPRIN showed a higher expression in mucosa (intraepithelial lymphocytes), submucosa and adventitia (endothelial cells) from aCD patients. MMP23 levels were increased in aUC and aCD compared to rUC and rCD and the control group (P = .0001). EMMPRIN+/MMP23+─expressing cells were localized mainly in mucosa, muscular and adventitia from active UC patients. MMP10 gene expression was increased in aUC versus CD patients and the control group (P = .0001). MMP10 gene expression is associated with inflammation in UC patients (P = .0001, r² = .585). EMMPRIN+/MMP10+─producing cells were found mainly in all intestinal layers and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates from aUC patients. In conclusion, EMMPRIN, MMP23 and MMP10 were upregulated in patients with active UC versus remission UC , CD and control groups suggesting that, they are involved in the inflammatory process.