急支糖浆联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效及对炎症因子水平的影响

目的 分析急支糖浆联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效及对炎症因子水平的影响。方法 回顾性选取2014年7月-2016年9月成都市郫都区人民医院收治的小儿支原体肺炎患儿94例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组。对照组患儿采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法进行治疗,首先iv阿奇霉素10 mg/（kg·d）,连续用药5 d;之后口服阿奇霉素颗粒5 mg/（kg·d）,连续用药3 d,停药4 d为1个疗程。观察组患儿在对照组基础上同时口服急支糖浆,根据年龄确定剂量,<3岁者7 mL/次;3~7岁者10 mL/次;7~12岁者15 mL/次,均为3次/d。两组均治疗2个疗程。观察两组患儿症状、体征消失时间、住院时间、不良反应情况、血清炎症因子、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平变化情况。结果 观察组患儿退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、肺部湿啰音消失时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患儿治疗后超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-4（IL-4）、降钙素原（PCT）、MMP-9及MDA水平均较治疗前下降,γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平较治疗前上升,同组治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿治疗后hs-CRP、IL-4、PCT、MMP-9及MDA水平低于对照组,IFN-γ和SOD水平高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿不良反应率为8.16%,对照组为37.78%,观察组患儿不良反应率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 急支糖浆联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效确切,可调节患儿血清炎症因子水平,抑制患儿氧自由基产生,且安全性较高。     

阿奇霉素联合雾化吸入治疗肺炎支原体肺炎疗效观察

目的研究阿奇霉素联合布地奈德混悬液和可必特雾化吸入治疗肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的疗效观察。方法选择92例MPP患儿为研究对象。将92例MPP患儿随机分成阿奇霉素治疗组45例及阿奇霉素联合布地奈德混悬液和可必特雾化吸入治疗组简称(联合组)47例,并随访一年。比较两组临床疗效、住院时间、反复呼吸道感染次数及肺功能。结果联合组症状体征消失时间、住院时间均明显短于阿奇霉素组,联合组总有效率97.9%明显高于阿奇霉素总有效率84.4%,反复呼吸道感染次数(2.1±0.9)次明显少于阿奇霉素组(11.3±1.2)次,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合组治疗后小气道指标分别与联合组治疗前及阿奇霉素组治疗后比较,均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿奇霉素联合布地奈德混悬液和可必特雾化吸入治疗MPP能缩短病程、减少住院时间及呼吸道感染复发频率,对MPP防治及改善小气道肺功能有很好价值。     

阿奇霉素雾化熏蒸对睑板腺功能障碍的疗效评价

目的:评价阿奇霉素雾化熏蒸联合睑板腺按摩治疗睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)的有效性及安全性。方法:前瞻性研究。选择2019-01/06在本院的47例中、重度MGD患者进行阿奇霉素雾化熏蒸联合睑板腺按摩治疗。在基线、治疗1、3mo时分别记录患者眼表疾病指数问卷(OSDI)、非侵入式泪膜破裂时间(NI-BUT)、泪河高度以及睑板腺萎缩率。结果:治疗1mo的OSDI为21.43±13.14分、首次NI-BUT为9.03±6.09s、平均NI-BUT为9.72±4.05s、泪河高度为0.24±0.09mm,与基线相比有差异(均P<0.05);治疗3mo的OSDI为23.02±11.41分、首次NI-BUT为7.80±4.82s、平均NI-BUT为10.25±4.78s、泪河高度为0.24±0.09mm,与基线相比有差异(均P<0.05);治疗1mo与3mo OSDI、首次NI-BUT、平均NI-BUT和泪河高度均无差异(均P>0.05)。治疗前后的睑板腺萎缩率无差异(均P>0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素雾化熏蒸联合睑板腺按摩可有效改善中、重度MGD患者的临床症状,并且增加首次NI-BUT、平均NI-BUT和泪河高度。     

The Cardiovascular Effects of Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin

Hydroxychloroquine combined with azithromycin has been investigated for activity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but concerns about adverse cardiovascular (CV) effects have been raised. This study evaluated claims data to determine if risks for CV events were increased with hydroxychloroquine alone or combined with azithromycin. We identified data from 43,752 enrollees that qualified for analysis. The number of CV events increased by 25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8, 42, p=0.005) per 1000 people per year of treatment with hydroxychloroquine alone compared with pretreatment levels and by 201 (95% CI: 145, 256, p<0.001) events per 1000 people per year when individuals took hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. These rates translate to an additional 0.34 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.58) CV events per 1000 patients placed on a 5-day treatment with hydroxychloroquine monotherapy and 2.75 (95% CI: 1.99, 3.51) per 1000 patients on a 5-day treatment with both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. The rate of adverse events increased with age following exposure to hydroxychloroquine alone and combined with azithromycin. For females aged 60 to 79 years prescribed hydroxychloroquine, the rate of adverse CV events was 0.92 per 1000 patients on 5 days of therapy, but it increased to 4.78 per 1000 patients when azithromycin was added. The rate of adverse CV events did not differ significantly from zero for patients 60 years of age or younger. These data suggest that hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin is likely safe in individuals under 60 years of age if they do not have additional CV risks. However, the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin should be used with extreme caution in older patients.     

Correlation between In vitro susceptibility and treatment outcome with azithromycin in gonorrhoea: a prospective study

PURPOSE: This prospective study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by E -test with special reference to azithromycin. Also, the correlation between in vitro susceptibility and treatment outcome with single 2 g oral dose azithromycin was assessed. METHODS: The study included 75 gonococcal isolates from males with urethritis, females with endocervicitis and their sexual contacts. All isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing for penicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, cefixime and azithromycin. Males with gonococcal urethritis were randomised to receive a single dose of either azithromycin or ceftriaxone. Forty-two men with urethritis received 2 g single oral dose azithromycin, while all other patients were given 250 mg parentral ceftriaxone. All patients were called for follow-up to assess clinical and microbiological cure rates. RESULTS: While all the isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, cefixime and azithromycin; 74 (98.7%), 24 (32%) and 23 (30.7%) strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, penicillin and tetracycline respectively, by both disc diffusion method and E -test. The MIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 of N. gonorrhoeae strains, to azithromycin were 0.016-0.25, 0.064 and 0.19 microg/mL, respectively. Follow-up attendance of the patients was 52.4 with 100% clinical and microbiological cure rates. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our study indicate that 2 g single oral dose azithromycin is safe and effective in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea.     

布地奈德雾化吸入联合阿奇霉素对重症支原体肺炎患儿的疗效分析

目的 探讨布地奈德雾化吸入联合阿奇霉素对重症支原体肺炎患儿的临床疗效。方法 选取南阳市第二人民医院2011年3月-2017年12月收治的重症支原体肺炎患儿60例,根据治疗方法分成对照组、观察组,每组30例。对照组使用阿奇霉素进行治疗,观察组使用布地奈德联合阿奇霉素进行治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、症状缓解时间及不良反应的发生情况。结果 治疗结束后,观察组临床疗效的总有效率是93.33%,明显高于对照组的76.67%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿的体温恢复时间是（2.8±1.1）d,明显短于对照组的（4.8±1.2）d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患儿的啰音消失时间是（4.2±1.3）d,明显短于对照组的（6.8±2.1）d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患儿的咳嗽缓解时间是（7.4±1.6）d,明显短于对照组的（11.4±2.7）d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿的不良反应发生率是6.67%,明显低于对照组的26.67%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 布地奈德雾化吸入联合阿奇霉素对支原体肺炎患儿疗效确切,安全可靠,值得临床应用和推广。     

小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎的Meta-分析

目的 评价小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎的有效性和安全性。方法 中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据库（WF）、维普数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学全文数据库（CBM）、PubMed、EMbase和Cochrane Library等数据库,纳入随机对照试验（RCT）,提取有效数据进行Meta-分析。结果 共纳入12个RCT,1 234病例,试验组619例,对照组615例。Meta结果显示,小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素在总有效率[RR=1.18,95% CI（1.13,1.23）,P<0.000 01],退热时间[MD=-0.85,95% CI（-1.19,-0.51）,P<0.000 01]、咳嗽消失时间[MD=-2.54,95% CI（-3.38,-1.69）,P<0.000 01]、肺部啰音消失时间[MD=-1.53,95% CI（-2.24,-0.81）,P<0.000 1]、咳痰消失时间[MD=-1.63,95% CI（-1.96,-1.30）,P<0.000 01]及减少住院天数方面均优于单用阿奇霉素,差异均有统计学意义;两组不良反应发生率（RR=0.70,95% CI（0.26,1.87）,P=0.48）,差异无统计学意义。结论 小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童支原体肺炎的疗效优于单用阿奇霉素,且联合应用并未增加不良反应发生率。     

阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效和安全性分析

目的 探讨阿奇霉素序贯疗法在治疗小儿支原体肺炎中的临床效果和安全性.方法 选取2011年12月～ 2012年12月河北医科大学第一医院儿科收治的106例支原体肺炎患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组.观察组(n=58)患儿在止咳、平喘、祛痰和退热等治疗的基础上予以阿奇霉素序贯疗法,对照组(n=58)患儿予以基础治疗联合红霉素治疗,观察比较2组患儿的症状改善情况,并评价2组的治疗效果.结果 观察组患儿咳嗽消失时间、发热消失时间和肺啰音消失时间均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组治疗后总有效率为74.1％,观察组为98.3％,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组住院时间为(11.2±2.2)d,不良反应发生率为41.4％,观察组的住院时间为(8.4±1.6)d,不良反应发生率为13.8％,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 阿奇霉素序贯疗法可快速缓解支原体肺炎患儿的症状,缩短住院时间,且不良反应相对较少.     

SARS-CoV-2 Persistent Viral Shedding in the Context of Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Treatment

SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding contributes to the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Among 3271 COVID-19 patients treated at the Hospital University Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France from 3 March to 27 April 2020, tested at least twice by qRT-PCR, the median SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding duration was 6 days (range 2–54 days). Compared with short shedders (qRT-PCR positivity < 10 days), 34 (1.04%) persistent shedders (qRT-PCR positivity ≥ 17 days; mean ± SD: 23.3 ± 3.8 days) were significantly older, with associated comorbidities, exhibiting lymphopenia, eosinopenia, increased D-dimer and increased troponin (p < 0.05), and were hospitalized in intensive care unit in 17.7% vs. 1.1% of cases (p < 0.0001). Viral culture was positive in six persistent shedders after day 10, including in one patient after day 17, and no viral co-pathogen was detected in 33 tested patients. Persistent shedders received azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine ≥ 3 days in 26/34 (76.5%) patients, a figure significantly lower than in short shedders (86.6%) (p = 0.042). Accordingly, mortality was 14.7% vs. 0.5% (p < 0.0001). Persistent shedding was significantly associated with persistent dyspnea and anosmia/ageusia (p < 0.05). In the context of COVID-19 treatment, including treatment with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding was a rare event, most frequently encountered in elderly patients with comorbidities and lacking azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine treatment.