吉西他滨联合顺铂或氟尿嘧啶治疗晚期胰腺癌临床疗效比较

目的:观察吉西他滨联合顺铂(GP方案)与吉西他滨联合氟尿嘧啶(GF方案)治疗晚期胰腺癌近期疗效和毒副作用的差异。方法:经病理组织学或细胞学证实的60例胰腺癌患者,按照随机对照的原则分为GP组和GF组,各30例。GP组给予吉西他滨1000mg/m~2加生理盐水100ml,静脉滴注30min,第1、8、15天;顺铂40mg,静脉点滴,第15、16、17天。GF组给予吉西他滨1000mg/m~2加生理盐水100ml,静脉滴注30min,第1、8、15天,氟尿嘧啶500mg/m~2加5％葡萄糖液(GS)500ml,静脉点滴6h以上,第1～5天。结果:GP组部分缓解(PR)3例,微效(MR)5例,稳定(NC)12例,进展(PD)5例,PR+MR达32.0％,中位生存期8.7个月,临床受益率(CBR)57.7％,肿瘤标志物CA19-9下降>50％为48.1％。GF组PR3例,MR8例,NC9例,PD4例,PR+MR达45.8％,中位生存期10.1个月,CBR82.1％,CA19-9下降>50％为53.6％。两组经统计学比较,CBR差异有显著性(P<0.05)。主要毒性反应为白细胞减少和血小板减少。结论:吉西他滨联合氟尿嘧啶以及吉西他滨联合顺铂,较以往单药方案疗效高,副作用少,中位生存期长,CBR高;GP方案和GF方案比较,后者的CBR更高。     

The Stockholm breast cancer screening trial — 5-year results and stage at discovery

In screening programmes it is important to assess a preliminary effectiveness of the screening method as soon as possible in order to forecast survival figures. In March 1981 a controlled single-view mammographic screening trial for breast cancer was started in the south of Stockholm. The population invited for screening mammography consisted of 40,000 women aged 40–64 years, and 20,000 women served as a well-defined control group. The main aim of the trial was to determine whether repeated mammographic screening could reduce the mortality in the study population (SP) compared to the control population (CP).The cumulative number of advanced mammary carcinomas in the screening and the control populations from the first five years of screening have shown a tendency towards more favourable stages in the screened population aged 40–64 years. A breakdown by age suggests an effect in age group 50–59 years, but not yet in age groups 40–49 and 60–64 years.When comparing the rates of stage II+ cancer, an increased number is found in the study group. As the total rate of breast cancer is higher in SP than in CP, there ought to be a concealed group of stage II+ cancers in the CP which makes the comparison biased. A new approach has been designed, where an estimation of the hidden number of stage II+ cancers in CP is added to the clinically detected cases, and in this respect a comparison has shown a decrease in the cumulative number of advanced cancers in the SP in relation to the CP (p<0.05). According to this it could be important to add the estimated number of undetected, hidden cases in the control group in order to utilize the difference in detection rate in the screening- and control group respectively.     

终末糖基化产物对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞粘附分子表达的影响

目的：探讨终末糖基化产物在糖尿病动脉粥样硬化（AS）形成中的作用机理。 方法： 分离正常人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs），将终末糖基化终产物（AGE）修饰的人血清白蛋白（AGE-HSA）、人血清白蛋白（HSA）与HUVECs在体外共同培养，并用荧光单克隆抗体染色，流式细胞仪定量检测细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）的表达。 结果： 正常人HUVEC表达ICAM-1和VCAM-1。AGE-HSA能以时间和剂量依赖的方式上调ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达（P<0.05），而HSA对HUVECs上述粘附分子的表达均无影响。 结论： AGE能上调HUVECs粘附分子的表达，从而促进AS时单核/巨噬细胞的浸润。     

紫杉醇联合草酸铂、卡培他滨三药方案治疗晚期转移性鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的探讨紫杉醇联合草酸铂、卡培他滨三药方案治疗晚期转移性鼻咽癌的疗效及不良反应。方法2002年1月至2005年1月，110例晚期转移性鼻咽癌病人入组：试验组55例患者．第1天应用紫杉醇135mg／m^2、草酸铂130mg／m。静脉滴注，口服卡培他滨1650mg／m^2／d，连服l-14d，每3周为一个周期，连用2-4个周期；对照组55例患者，第1-5天应用DDP 20mg／m^2、5-Fu 0．5g／m^2静脉注射，3周为一个周期，连用2-4个周期；治疗结束2-4周后评价疗效。结果试验组疗效可评价55例，对照组疗效可评价53例。试验组与对照组有效率分别为（CR＋PR）50．9％（28例）和32．1％（17例），两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。试验组和对照组中位生存时间为10．6个月和8．6个月，两者差异有统计学意义（t〈0．05）。安全性方面：试验组Ⅳ反应主要为手足综合征8例（14．5％）、骨髓抑制2例（3．6％）和消化道毒性4例（7.3％）；对照组Ⅳ反应主要为消化道毒性8例（15.1％）、骨髓抑制2例（3.8％）。结论紫杉醇联合草酸铂、卡培他滨三药方案对晚期转移性鼻咽癌的疗效较DDP＋5-Fu有优势，且不良反应可以耐受。     

阿魏酸钠对糖尿病大鼠肾脏非酶糖基化和氧化的影响

目的:探讨阿魏酸钠(SF)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏非酶糖基化和氧化的影响。方法:对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的DM大鼠灌胃给予SF 110 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,治疗8周,测定各组大鼠肾重／体重、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清和肾皮质果糖胺(FMN)、血清和肾皮质丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化酶活性,并分别测定肾皮质糖基化终产物(AGEs)含量,观察肾脏病理改变。结果:糖尿病对照组(DM组)大鼠肾重／体重、Ccr、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN、肾皮质FMN和AGEs显著高于正常对照组(N组);SF治疗组(SF组)肾重／体重、Ccr、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN和肾皮质AGEs显著低于DM组;DM组大鼠肾皮质和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著低于N组,MDA含量显著高于N组,SF治疗组大鼠肾皮质和血清SOD、CAT活性显著高于DM组,MDA含量显著低于DM组:DM组大鼠肾脏病理改变异常显著,SF组的肾脏病理学改变轻于DM组大鼠。结论: SF通过保护肾脏抗氧化酶,减轻氧化应激,抑制AGEs在肾脏的沉积对DM大鼠肾脏产生保护作用。     

急性有机磷中毒患者晚期氧化蛋白产物动态变化的临床研究

目的探讨晚期氧化蛋白（AOPP）在急性有机磷农药中毒（AOPP）患者中的临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）动态检测90例有机磷农药中毒患者和30例健康对照者血清晚期氧化蛋白的含量，并探讨其与病情的相关性。结果AOPP患者血浆中晚期氧化蛋白含量发病后的第1天〉第3天〉第7天与健康对照组比较，P均〈0．01。血清CRP的含量在患者中毒后的第1天〉第3天〉第7天与健康对照组比较，P均〈0．01。在发病的第1天，AOPP患者血清晚期氧化蛋白和CRP的含量重度中毒组〉中度中毒组〉轻度中毒组与健康对照组比较，P均〈0．01。在第1天，AOPP患者的病情程度即MODS的评分值与血清晚期氧化蛋白和CRP的含量均呈明显的正相关性（r1=0．590和r2=0．627，P均〈O．01），而血清晚期氧化蛋白和CRP的含量之间也呈明显的正相关性（r3=0．792，P〈0．01）。结论晚期氧化蛋白的含量随急性有机磷农药中毒患者的病情和炎症反应加重而升高。晚期氧化蛋白可能参与了有机磷农药中毒患者发生多脏器功能障碍的病理生理过程。     

Dynamics of Serum Retinol and Alpha-Tocopherol Levels According to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Status

The available data on the association between micronutrients in the blood and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited. To investigate the clinical implications of this relationship, we sought to identify the difference in the serum levels of vitamins A and E according to NAFLD status using data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In this cross-sectional study of the Korean population, NAFLD and its severity were defined using prediction models. Differences in the prevalence and severity of NAFLD were analyzed according to serum retinol (vitamin A) and alpha (α)-tocopherol (vitamin E) levels. Serum levels of retinol and α-tocopherol were positively correlated with the prevalence of NAFLD. In most prediction models of the NAFLD subjects, serum retinol deficiency was significantly correlated with advanced fibrosis, while serum α-tocopherol levels did not differ between individuals with or without advanced fibrosis. Similar trends were also noted with cholesterol-adjusted levels of α-tocopherol. In summary, while circulating concentrations of retinol and α-tocopherol were positively associated with the presence of NAFLD, advanced liver fibrosis was only correlated with serum retinol levels. Our findings could provide insight into NAFLD patient care at a micronutrient level.     

非小细胞肺癌术后放疗的临床意义

目的　观察非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)术后放疗的价值。材料与方法　回顾性分析我院自 1985 - 0 1～1995 - 12经手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌 170例 ,分为单纯手术组 (单术组 ) 94例 ,手术加放疗组 (术放组 ) 76例 ,单术组Ⅰ、Ⅱ期病例略多。单术组术后未再接受其他治疗 ;术放组术后 2～ 4周进行放疗 ,6MV -X线常规分割外放疗DT5 0GY～ 60GY。分别统计 2组间 5年总生存率、5年无瘤生存率、局部复发率和远处转移率 ,为了排除 2组间病期早晚对顾后的影响 ,还单独分析了Ⅲ期病例 2组间各分析指标的差别 ,统计采用X2 检验。结果　单术组和术放组的 5年总生存率分别为 31 9% (30 / 94 ) ,31 6% (2 4 / 76) ,(P >0 0 5 )。 5年无瘤生存率分别为 2 5 5 % (2 4 / 94 ) ,2 8 9% (2 6/ 76) ,(P >0 0 5 )。 2组局部复发率分别为 31 9% (30 / 94 ) ,2 3 7% (18/ 76) ,(P>0 0 5 )。远转率分别为 4 8 9% (4 6/ 94 ) ,4 4 7% (34 / 76) (P >0 0 5 )。单纯分析Ⅲ期病例 ,单术组和术放组 5年无瘤生存率分别为 2 5 % (14 / 5 6) ,38 7% (2 4 / 62 ) (P >0 0 5 )。 2组局部复发率分别为 39 3% (2 2 / 5 6) ,2 4 2 % (15 / 62 ) ,(0 0 5

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肺血管栓塞的诊治分析

目的：提高对肺血管栓塞的诊治。方法：对17例肺血管栓塞病人的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法进行分析。结果：17例中4例死后尸检证实了生前的诊断,7例生前已有明确诊断。目前仍存活6例。17例中有13例曾误诊过,误诊率高达76％。结论：提高对肺血管栓塞的诊断意识,早诊早治,可降低患的病死率。