产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌感染治疗方案的优化

目的 运用药动学/药效学(PK/PD)方法,对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌感染的β-内酰胺治疗方案进行优化比较.方法 采用蒙特卡洛模拟,依PK/PD模拟7种β-内酰胺类抗菌药物的14种给药方案,对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的累积反应分数(CFR).结果 模拟获得的抑菌/抗菌CFR,以0.5 g 1次/8 h亚胺培南/西司他丁和0.5 g 1次/8 h美罗培南最高(100.0%);3.375 g 1次/4 h哌拉西林/他唑巴坦对产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的抑菌/杀菌CFR>90.0%;头孢曲松(1 g 1次/24 h、2 g 1次/24 h)、头孢他啶(1 g 1次/8 h、2 g1次/8 h)、头孢吡肟(1 g 1次/8 h、1 g 1次/12 h、2 g 1次/8 h)和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(0.5 g 1次/8 h、1 g 1次/8 h、2 g 1次/8 h)治疗方案,对产ESBLs菌的CFR明显小于非产ESBLs菌,增加给药剂量和次数未能有效提高CFR.结论 PK/PD模拟可优化抗感染治疗的给药方案,为精确用药提供指导.     

CT仿真内窥镜在喉部病变诊断中的临床应用

目的评价螺旋CT仿真内窥镜在喉部病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法为39例患者使用螺旋CT扫描后经软件处理行仿真内窥镜成像,并与纤维喉镜对照。结果喉部病变39例中CT仿真内窥镜从头端入路,显示喉内解剖结构,病变位置,形态,大小,范围情况与纤维喉镜所见基本一致,而从足端入路可显示纤维喉镜不能显示的病变声门下及气道狭窄远端情况,而对于小的,扁平病灶CT内窥镜显示欠佳。结论CT仿真内窥镜是一种无创性安全检查方法,可作为纤维喉镜的补充检查手段,具有一定发展潜力。     

The sumLINK statistic for genetic linkage analysis in the presence of heterogeneity

We present the “sumLINK” statistic—the sum of multipoint LOD scores for the subset of pedigrees with nominally significant linkage evidence at a given locus—as an alternative to common methods to identify susceptibility loci in the presence of heterogeneity. We also suggest the “sumLOD” statistic (the sum of positive multipoint LOD scores) as a companion to the sumLINK. sumLINK analysis identifies genetic regions of extreme consistency across pedigrees without regard to negative evidence from unlinked or uninformative pedigrees. Significance is determined by an innovative permutation procedure based on genome shuffling that randomizes linkage information across pedigrees. This procedure for generating the empirical null distribution may be useful for other linkage‐based statistics as well. Using 500 genome‐wide analyses of simulated null data, we show that the genome shuffling procedure results in the correct type 1 error rates for both the sumLINK and sumLOD. The power of the statistics was tested using 100 sets of simulated genome‐wide data from the alternative hypothesis from GAW13. Finally, we illustrate the statistics in an analysis of 190 aggressive prostate cancer pedigrees from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics, where we identified a new susceptibility locus. We propose that the sumLINK and sumLOD are ideal for collaborative projects and meta‐analyses, as they do not require any sharing of identifiable data between contributing institutions. Further, loci identified with the sumLINK have good potential for gene localization via statistical recombinant mapping, as, by definition, several linked pedigrees contribute to each peak. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:628–636, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Discrimination experience and quality of life among rural-to-urban migrants in China: the mediation effect of expectation–reality discrepancy

Objective  To examine the effect of expectation–reality discrepancy in mediating the relationship between discrimination experience and quality of life (QOL) among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Methods  A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,006 rural-to-urban migrants in 2004–2005 in Beijing, China. QOL was measured using the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). The migrants were also asked to report their experience of being discriminated against in the urban areas (i.e., discrimination experience), and their perceived difference between premigratory expectation and postmigratory reality in the city (i.e., expectation–reality discrepancy). Structural equation modeling (SEM) method was employed to assess the mediation effect. Results  Discrimination experience not only had a direct significant negative effect on QOL among rural-to-urban migrants, but also had an indirect effect through expectation–reality discrepancy on their QOL. Migrants’ expectation–reality discrepancy exerted a partially mediation effect in the relationship between discrimination experience and QOL. Conclusions  Health promotion and prevention programs in the future to improve migrants’ QOL should pay more attention to reducing the discrimination against migrants as well as helping migrants to reduce discrepancy between premigratory expectation and postmigratory reality.     

生命探测雷达中微波自动对消的仿真算法研究

目的：生命探测雷达在实际探测中,建筑物的强杂波信号会造成干扰,致使雷达的探测准确性降低。通过仿真实验．解决强杂波信号的干扰问题。方法：依据原理通过Matlab软件在计算机上建立了自动对消过程模型并进行仿真实验。结果：通过仿真实验,发现对消合成信号So（t）的变化趋势与对消时间和精度无关,而与强杂波信号的幅度和相位有关。结论：仿真结果对数字对消电路的设计工作具有实际指导意义。     

以医学模拟教学为辅助平台构建临床基本技能训练整合课程的探索

临床基本技能训练是医学教育的重要内容,由于传统教学模式的局限,医学生临床技能训练受到较多限制。本文对以医学模拟教学为辅助平台的整合的临床基本技能课程的构建进行探讨,使临床基本技能训练贯穿于医学生在校教育的全过程,从而提高医学生的临床基本技能。     

应用虚拟专用网技术构建网络直报系统信息传输平台

对隧道交换技术进行介绍,阐述网络直报系统虚拟专用网1期项目的具体方案以及使用隧道交换技术对1期项目进行升级改造的具体措施,论述如何利用虚拟专用网技术为网络直报系统构建便捷、安全的信息传输平台。     

虚拟医院结构及其实现技术

Internet网络技术的不断发展为实施不受时间和地域限制的交互式技能学习和指导提供了平台。提出的虚拟医院是一个学习和训练医疗救治技术和紧急救治过程等的交互式信息模拟平台,通过虚拟医院提供的医疗诊断救治练习和模拟训练平台,可以帮助医务人员提高和改善诊断治疗技术,学习新的诊疗救治和手术技术,以便更好地救治伤病员。同时,为患者提供一个医院就诊检查模拟过程,从而节省就医时间,提高就医效率。它还可为家庭患者提供医疗和健康技术指导。     

虚拟技术在医学领域的应用

虚拟技术（VR）是一门涉及众多学科的实用技术,通过对信息的获取、传递与加工处理,模拟某些物体或场景。提供实时感知的三维立体界面,并允许用户对其交互进行仿真操作,从而为教学与研究提供形象逼真的模型。目前,全球对虚拟技术在医学应用的研究给予了高度重视,发展迅速。     

离子Gemini表面活性剂在固-液 界面吸附的Monte Carlo 模拟

利用Monte Carlo方法对非离子Gemini表面活性剂在固-液界面的吸附进行了模拟,得到了吸附层厚度、吸附量和链节密度分布,并用两阶段吸附模型拟合了吸附等温线。同时,对Gemini表面活性剂和传统表面活性剂在界面的竞争吸附进行了模拟。结果表明：随着对比温度的升高,单一非离子Gemini表面活性剂在疏水性界面的吸附层厚度减小,吸附量降低,吸附等温线符合两阶段吸附模型。在相同能量参数下,Gemini表面活性剂在界面吸附的能力远比传统表面活性剂在界面吸附的能力强,它可将表面上已吸附的传统表面活性剂解吸下来,从而影响界面性质。