成人幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤的影像学特征

目的探讨成人幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤(primitive neuroectodermal tumors,PNET)的影像学特点,以提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例成人幕上PNET的CT及MRI表现(其中CT检查2例、MRI检查4例)。结果 6例PNET中,位于幕上大脑半球颞叶3例、额顶叶2例及基底节区1例。肿瘤实质CT平扫2例均呈稍高密度;4例经MRI扫描,T1WI呈等、稍低信号,T2WI呈等、稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤实质明显强化2例、轻度强化2例。病灶体积较大,内含囊变/坏死4例、出血2例及流空血管1例,边界较清,瘤周无或轻度水肿5例,大片水肿1例。结论充分认识成人幕上PNET的影像学表现特征,有助于提高术前诊断率。     

Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage and Iliofemoral Vein Thrombosis After Supratentorial Craniotomy

Introduction  Cerebellar hemorrhage following supratentorial craniotomy is rare. Its clinical symptoms are often mild and transient. Discussion  Here, we report a case of cerebellar hemorrhage associated with iliofemoral vein thrombosis as a complication of anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy for refractory medial temporal epilepsy.     

幕上室管膜下静脉数字减影脑血管造影研究

目的 研究正常情况下幕上室管膜下静脉在数字减影脑血管造影中的显示率。位置，走行，归流的正常及变异表现，为脑内病变累及静脉的诊断提供依据。资料与方法 脑血管造影诊断未见异常36例。男13例，女23例，年龄18-69岁，平均51岁，观察幕上室管膜下静脉的显示率，位置，走行及归流。结果 除海马静脉，多数幕上室管膜下静脉在数字减影脑血管造影中的显示率较高。幕上室管膜下静脉表现典型，易于识别，多数幕上室管膜下静脉回流位置和丘纹静脉。脑室下静脉起始位置变异较多。结论 通过熟悉幕上室管膜下静脉在数字减影脑血管造影中的显示率及正常表现，有利于发现静脉异常，协助诊断疾病。     

幕上Ⅱ级胶质瘤患者的生存质量影响因素

目的 探讨幕上Ⅱ级胶质瘤患者的生存质量影响因素.方法 选择2010年3月至2013年2月我院经病理确诊的幕上Ⅱ级脑胶质瘤患者42例,均经开颅手术切除胶质瘤,手术前后分别对其进行生存质量KPS评分,并根据患者性别、年龄、术前存在神经功能障碍、癫痫史、肿瘤大小、肿瘤深浅等进行分类数据统计比较,研究患者生存质量的影响因素.结果 性别、术前神经功能障碍、癫痫史对患者生存质量无显著影响(P均＞0.05);年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤深浅和切除范围对患者生存质量存在影响,其中年龄≥60岁者手术前后生存质量评分差值显著低于＜60岁者[(12.8±4.8)、(20.6±8.7)分],肿瘤直径≥4 cm者手术前后生存质量评分差值显著低于＜4 cm者[(15.4±5.2)、(20.8±6.3)分],深部肿瘤者手术前后生存质量评分差值显著低于浅表肿瘤者[(13.8±6.2)、(21.2±4.8)分],次全切者手术前后生存质量评分差值显著低于全切者[14.3±5.8)、(19.8±6.3)分,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.281、2.874、4.202、2.452,P均＜0.01或P＜0.05).42例患者随访时间(2.8±1.1)年,病死率7.1％(2/42),复发率28.6％(12/42).结论 幕上Ⅱ级胶质瘤患者的发展与生存情况与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤深浅程度和手术切除范围等有关,高龄患者、肿瘤较大、较深以及次全切术式的患者其生存质量相对更差,应对该类患者格外重视,密切监视,综合提升手术效果.     

移动式床旁CT-CereTom在导航引导下锁孔手术治疗幕上高血压脑出血中的应用

目的 探讨移动式床旁CT（Portable Bedside CT,PBCT）-CereTom在导航引导下锁孔手术治疗幕上高血压脑出血（Supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage）中的临床应用及其价值。方法 56例幕上高血压脑出血患者,手术前使用PBCT-CereTom行CT导航扫描。19例为床旁CT检查,37例为常规CT检查。手术后行CT扫描,了解血肿清除效果。结果 用mRS、GCS以及术后6个月GOS评分：术前GCS平均9分（范围：3~15分）,mRS平均4分（范围：2~5分）;出院时GCS平均14分（范围0~15分）,mRS平均3分（范围0~6分）,与术前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;术后6个月总体生存率：94.64%（53/56）。GOS评分：57.1%（GOS 4~5）恢复良好,28.57%（16/56）合并（GOS 3）重残,8.6%（GOS 2）植物生存,5.7%（GOS 1）死亡;影像学评价：血肿清除率96.9%（范围：77.9~99.4%）,血肿清除率〉90%的病例数52例（92.86%）。结论 PBCT-CereTom的导航可以快速实施,并可保证图像质量,其导航引导下的锁孔手术快速、精准、安全和有效;术后实时了解血肿清除程度、血肿腔渗血情况,并可连续追踪观察;特别适合于危重患者的床旁检查。     

Ruptured supratentorial dermoid cysts

Two cases with ruptured supratentorial dermoid cysts are presented. Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance findings are illustrated. The pathology and differential diagnosis is discussed.     

幕上脑膜瘤术后早期癫痫的临床分析

目的探讨影响幕上脑膜瘤术后早期癫痫发生的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月间经手术治疗的173例幕上脑膜瘤患者,分析其临床特征、外科手术情况、术后并发症、术后早期癫痫的发生情况及其关系。结果术后发生早期癫痫14例,占8.09%。其中全面性发作3例,局灶性发作11例。6例发生于术后24小时内,8例发生于术后2～7天。10例肿瘤次全或大部切除、30例术中发生皮层或皮层血管损伤、25例术后瘤腔出血、69例脑水肿、56例术后水电解质紊乱,各组中发生术后早期癫痫例数分别为2例、4例、5例、8例和9例。结论幕上脑膜瘤的术后早期癫痫的发生与瘤体大小、手术操作技巧、肿瘤切除程度、术后并发症等因素密切相关。     

Early Seizures After Acute Stroke: A Study of 1,640 Cases

Summary: We evaluated prospectively the occurrence of seizures within 15 days of a first stroke or transient ischemic episode in 1,640 patients to study relation between seizures and type of stroke. Seizures occurred in 90 patients (5·4%), including 36 (4·4%) of 814 with infarct owing to atheroma, 21 (16·6%) of 126 with infarct owing to cardiogenic embolus, 3 (1%) of 273 owing to lacunar infarct, 5 (1·9%) of 259 owing to transient ischemic attack (TIA), 21 (16·2%) of 129 owing to supratentorial he matoma, and 4 (16·6%) of 24 owing to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thirteen (14·6%) of 89 subcortical infarcts were associated with seizures. Seizures were the initial sign of stroke in 80 (89%) of 90 cases and were usually single and partial. Seizure symptoms were most often motor, sensory, or visual.     

A phase II study of concurrent temozolomide and cis-retinoic acid with radiation for adult patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma

PURPOSE: This Phase II study was designed to determine the median survival time of adults with supratentorial glioblastoma treated with a combination of temozolomide (TMZ) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (cRA) given daily with conventional radiation therapy (XRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This was a single arm, open-labeled, Phase II study. Patients were treated with XRT in conjunction with cRA and TMZ. Both drugs were administered starting on Day 1 of XRT, and chemotherapy cycles continued after the completion of XRT to a maximum of 1 year. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were enrolled in the study. Time to progression was known for 55 patients and 6 were censored. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 38% and the estimated 1-year progression-free survival was 15%. Median time to progression was estimated as 21 weeks. The estimated 1-year survival was 57%. The median survival was 57 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The combined therapy was relatively well tolerated, but there was no survival advantage compared with historical studies using XRT either with adjuvant nitrosourea chemotherapy, with TMZ alone, or with the combination of TMZ and thalidomide. Based on this study, cRA does not seem to add a significant synergistic effect to TMZ and XRT.     

The role of “Integrated Pulmonary Index” monitoring during morphine-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia administration following supratentorial craniotomies: a prospective,randomized, double-blind controlled study

Objective: Morphine is commonly used in post-operative analgesia, but opioid-related respiratory depression causes a general reluctance for its use. The “Integrated Pulmonary Index” is a tool calculated from non-invasively obtained respiratory and hemodynamic parameters. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study is to determine a more safe and effective dose for morphine in patient-controlled analgesia following supratentorial craniotomy using the “Integrated Pulmonary Index”.

Methods: This study included 60 patients (ASA I, II, and III). All patients used iv PCA for 24?h following supratentorial craniotomy. The PCA was set to administer a bolus dose of 1?mg morphine in Group 1 and 0.5?mg morphine in Group 2. The PCA contained placebo in Group 3 and patients received dexketoprofen 50?mg iv after awakening, repeated every 8?h. The IPI and NRS scores, total morphine consumption, and morphine related side-effects were recorded at 10?min, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24?h post-operatively. The lowest IPI score, count of apnea, and desaturation events were recorded during the study period.

Results: The IPI scores were similar among the groups. Although a statistically significant difference was not observed among the groups the lowest IPI scores were observed in Group 1; apnea and desaturation counts were also higher in Group 1. Statistically significant differences were not observed among the groups in terms of pain scores, but were lower in Groups 1 and 2 compared to Group 3.

Conclusion: Patient controlled analgesia with 0.5?mg morphine may be safe and effective for pain management following supratentorial craniotomies. Integrated pulmonary index can be used for detecting opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Clinical Trials registration number: NCT02929147.