米那普仑治疗老年卒中后抑郁的临床疗效

目的 探讨米那普仑对比舍曲林治疗老年卒中后抑郁症的临床疗效和不良反应。方法 选取2018年1月～2019年6月我院收治的48 例诊断为脑卒中后抑郁的老年患者,随机分为两组,研究组使用米那普仑,对照组使用舍曲林,治疗8 周,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和神经功能缺损量表（CSS）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、副反应量表（TESS）评定临床疗效、睡眠质量指数和不良反应。结果 研究组和对照组治疗老年脑卒中后抑郁的HAMD、CSS、PSQI 评分无显著性差异,总有效率分别为88.0%和91.3%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;副反应量表显示研究组与对照组均未出现严重不良反应,两组间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 米那普仑有利于老年脑卒中后抑郁患者改善抑郁症状,促进神经功能康复,提高生活能力,是一种安全有效、副反应少的抗老年卒中后抑郁药。     

高频重复经颅磁刺激对躯体化障碍的治疗效果

目的 观察高频重复经颅磁刺激（10 Hz,rTMS）对躯体化障碍患者的治疗效果。方法 74 例躯体化障碍患者随机分为研究组（rTMS）38 例和对照组（舍曲林）36 例,治疗8 周。研究组给予10 Hz rTMS 治疗,对照组给予抗抑郁剂舍曲林。两组患者在基线时和治疗后每隔2 周各测评汉密尔顿抑郁量表24 项（HAMD－24）及不良反应量表（TESS）。以HAMD 减分率评价疗效、TESS 评价不良反应。结果 治疗8 周后,两组HAMD－24 评分和疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;在各时期不良反应量表评定中,研究组均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 高频重复经颅磁刺激和舍曲林治疗躯体化障碍的疗效相当,前者的不良反应较少。     

Single-run reversed-phase HPLC method for determining sertraline content,enantiomeric purity,and related substances in drug substance and finished product

A direct enantio-, diastereo-, and chemo-selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for determining the content, enantiomeric purity, and related substances of the chiral antidepressant drug sertraline HCl in a single chromatographic run. The separation was achieved on a chiral stationary phase based on amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) under reversed-phase conditions. The method was optimized by evaluating the influence of the temperature and mobile phase composition on the retention and selectivity. The application of the single-run approach allowed to baseline resolve all investigated species in less than 15 min, without using buffers or tandem-coupled columns. The chromatographic method was validated according to the guidelines of the Official Medicines Control Laboratory and applied to control the content of sertraline HCl and related chiral substances in a generic antidepressant formulation.     

BDNF plasma levels after antidepressant treatment with sertraline and transcranial direct current stimulation: Results from a factorial,randomized, sham-controlled trial

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation intervention that modifies cortical excitability according to the stimulation parameters. Preclinical and clinical studies in healthy volunteers suggest that tDCS induces neuroplastic alterations of cortical excitability, which might explain its clinical effects in major depressive disorder (MDD). We therefore examined whether tDCS, as compared to the antidepressant sertraline, increases plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, a neurotrophin associated with neuroplasticity. Patients (n=73) with major depressive disorder were randomized to active/sham tDCS and sertraline/placebo (four groups) in this 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We measured BDNF plasma levels at baseline and endpoint, observing no significant changes of BDNF levels after treatment. In addition, no significant changes were observed in responders and non-responders as well as no relationships between BDNF levels and clinical and psychopathological variables related to depression. Thus, in one of the few placebo-controlled trials evaluating BDNF changes over an antidepressant treatment course, we did not observe BDNF increase regardless of clinical improvement in depressed patients. Regarding tDCS, BDNF plasma levels might not be a good candidate biomarker to evaluate depression improvement or be a predictor of response in patients treated with tDCS, as our results showed that BDNF increase was not necessary to induce clinical response. Finally, our findings do not support a relationship between BDNF and improvement of depression.     

舍曲林对阿尔茨海默病伴发抑郁症状的疗效及认知功能的影响

目的观察舍曲林联用多奈哌齐治疗对阿尔茨海默病伴发抑郁症状患者的疗效及认知功能。方法将符合阿尔茨海默病伴发抑郁症状诊断标准的42例患者按序号分为两组,试验组在口服多奈哌齐的基础上联用舍曲林,对照组仅口服多奈哌齐。疗程8周。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAND）评定抗抑郁的疗效,用简易智力状态检查（MMSE）评定认知功能。结果试验组治疗1周末HAND-D评分与治疗前相比差异即有显著性（P〈0．0．5）;与对照组相比．试验组治疗2周末HAND评分两组差异即有非常显著性（P〈0．01）;试验组治疗后MMSE有提高,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论舍曲林治疗阿尔茨海默病伴发抑郁症状疗效明显,对认知功能有改善。     

舍曲林预防老年脑卒中后抑郁的临床观察

目的 观察舍曲林预防老年脑卒中后抑郁症状及神经功能缺损的临床疗效。方法 选取保定市第一中心医院2013年1月—2014年1月符合纳入标准的脑卒中患者90例,随机分成对照组(30例)、干预一组(30例)、干预二组(30例)。对照组给予基础治疗。干预一组在此基础上晨起口服盐酸舍曲林分散片,起始剂量50 mg/d,3 d后增至100 mg/d。干预二组在基础治疗上晨起口服盐酸舍曲林分散片,起始剂量50 mg/d,3 d后增至100 mg/d,1周内增加至150 mg/d。3组均持续用药2个月。在治疗前,治疗1、2个月分别测定汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及神经功能缺损(NFI)评分,并计算患者的依从性。结果 治疗1、2个月后,2组干预组抑郁症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1、2个月后,3组患者的HAMD及NFI评分均较治疗前明显下降,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗后,两组干预组HAMD及NFI评分均较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05)。治疗第1、2、4周两组干预组患者依从率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 100 mg舍曲林能有效地降低脑卒中患者抑郁症的发生率,促进卒中后患者神经功能的恢复,并能提高患者的依从性,值得临床推广。     

舍曲林治疗心肌梗死后抑郁患者的疗效观察

目的观察舍曲林治疗心肌梗死后抑郁的临床疗效。方法75例患者随机分成两组,观察组（38例）在常规心脏药物治疗的基础上,予以盐酸舍曲林片50 mg/次,1次/d;对照组（37例）予以盐酸氯丙咪嗪片,初始剂量为25 mg/次,2次/d,1周内根据病情增量,最大剂量为150 mg/d,8周为1个疗程。观察两组患者的临床疗效及不良反应。结果观察组总显效率为63.1%,对照组为48.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗结束时观察组TESS评分为（1.8±0.5）分,对照组为（4.0±1.7）分,两组比较差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论舍曲林治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）后抑郁疗效好,且能克服氯丙咪嗪不良反应多、剂量大、耐受性差等缺点。     

Anhedonia in postpartum rats

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a debilitating illness, yet little is known about its causes. The purpose of this study was to examine a major symptom of depression during the postpartum period, anhedonia, by comparing sucrose preference in female rats that had undergone actual pregnancy or hormone-simulated pregnancy (HSP) to their respective controls. Whereas HSP rats showed significantly less preference than vehicle control rats for 1% sucrose solution during the first three weeks of the “postpartum” period, previously pregnant females showed only slightly depressed sucrose preference for the first 1-2 days postpartum, compared to non-pregnant controls. Habituation to 1% sucrose during the pregnancy period, which increased preference upon later testing in previously pregnant rats tested on postpartum day 2, did not significantly increase preference in HSP rats, suggesting that depressed preference in the latter group was not due to neophobia. Pre-treatment with desipramine did not prevent suppressed sucrose preference in HSP rats, and preference was even further suppressed following chronic sertraline treatment. These results suggest that estradiol withdrawal following HSP may cause anhedonia during the early “postpartum” period. In contrast, females that have undergone actual pregnancy are less likely to show this effect, suggesting that postpartum hormonal changes other than the dramatic decline in estradiol may buffer its negative mood effects.     

中西医结合治疗肝郁气滞型功能性消化不良的临床观察

目的：探讨抗抑郁和疏肝理气法治疗功能性消化不良（FD）的临床疗效。方法：选择肝郁气滞型FD患者120例，随机分为舍曲林组（A组）、四逆散加味组（B组）和两种方法合用组（C组）各40例，治疗前及治疗6周后各评定一次FD临床症状、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、副反应量表（TESS）。结果：A组FD患者临床症状改善总有效率为82．5％，B组为80．0％，C组为92．5％；A组和B组与C组比较经统计学u检验差异均有显著意义（P〈0．05）。三组病人治疗前后HAMD量表评分经t检验均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。不良反应少，复发率低。结论：舍曲林的抗抑郁和四逆散加味的疏肝理气法治疗肝郁气滞型FD的临床疗效显著，联合用药效果更好，不良反应少。     

Fluoxetine, but not other selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, increases norepinephrine and dopamine extracellular levels in prefrontal cortex

RATIONALE: The selective serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine has been shown to not only increase the extracellular concentrations of serotonin, but also dopamine and norepinephrine extracellular concentrations in rat prefrontal cortex. The effect of other SSRIs on monoamine concentrations in prefrontal cortex has not been thoroughly studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the ability of five systemically administered selective serotonin uptake inhibitors to increase acutely the extracellular concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in rat prefrontal cortex. METHODS: The extracellular concentrations of monoamines were determined in the prefrontal cortex of conscious rats using the microdialysis technique. RESULTS: Fluoxetine, citalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline similarly increased the extracellular concentrations of serotonin from 2- to 4-fold above baseline. However, only fluoxetine produced robust and sustained increases in extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine after acute systemic administration. Fluoxetine at the same dose blocked ex vivo binding to the serotonin transporter, but not the norepinephrine transporter, suggesting that the increase of catecholamines was not due to non-selective blockade of norepinephrine uptake. Prefrontal cortex extracellular concentrations of fluoxetine at the dose that increased extracellular monoamines were 242 nM, a concentration sufficient to block 5-HT(2C) receptors which is a potential mechanism for the fluoxetine-induced increase in catecholamines. CONCLUSION: Amongst the SSRIs examined, only fluoxetine acutely increases extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine as well as serotonin in prefrontal cortex, suggesting that fluoxetine is an atypical SSRI.