Bio-oss骨粉在根管充填中的应用研究

目的 评价Bio-oss骨粉在根尖吸收、根尖区溢脓惠牙病例的根管充填中应用的效果。方法 选取80例根尖吸收、根尖区溢脓的惠牙,根管预备后拍X线片,分别用传统根管填材料以及用Bio-oss骨粉糊荆进行根管充填。观察其疗效,随访。结果 应用Bio—oss骨粉糊荆作为根管充填材料的患者X线片示根尖有新生骨样组织生长,根尖区阴影减少,临床症状消失;传统材料充填的患者X线片示根尖区阴影无明显改变,治疗后复发率高。结论 Bio．oss骨粉在根尖吸收、根尖区溢脓惠牙病例根管充填中应用,可取得较好的临床效果。     

Effect of the Processing Parameters on the Porosity and Mechanical Behavior of Titanium Samples with Bimodal Microstructure Produced via Hot Pressing

Commercially pure (c.p.) titanium grade IV with a bimodal microstructure is a promising material for biomedical implants. The influence of the processing parameters on the physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties was investigated. The bimodal microstructure was achieved from the blends of powder particles with different sizes, while the porous structure was obtained using the space-holder technique (50 vol.% of ammonium bicarbonate). Mechanically milled powders (10 and 20 h) were mixed in 50 wt.% or 75 wt.% with c.p. titanium. Four different mixtures of powders were precompacted via uniaxial cold pressing at 400 MPa. Then, the specimens were sintered at 750 °C via hot pressing in an argon gas atmosphere. The presence of a bimodal microstructure, comprised of small-grain regions separated by coarse-grain ones, was confirmed by optical and scanning electron microscopies. The samples with a bimodal microstructure exhibited an increase in the porosity compared with the commercially available pure Ti. In addition, the hardness was increased while the Young’s modulus was decreased in the specimens with 75 wt.% of the milled powders (20 h).     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Novel Lightweight TaNbVTi-Based Refractory High Entropy Alloys

A series of novel lightweight TaNbVTi-based refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) were fabricated through ball-milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The reinforced phase of TiO precipitates were in-situ formed due to the introduction of Al₂O₃ ceramic particles. The RHEA with 15% Al₂O₃ exhibits a high compressive yield strength (1837 MPa) and a low density (7.75 g/cm³) with an adequate ductility retention. The yield strength and density are 32% higher and 15% lower, respectively, compared to the RHEA without Al₂O₃ addition. The specific yield strength (237 MPa cm³/g) of the RHEAs is much higher than that of other reported RHEAs, and is mainly ascribed to the introduction of high volume fraction of Al₂O₃ additives, resulting in solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Meanwhile, the ductile matrix is responsible for the good compressive plasticity.     

Hydration–Strength–Workability–Durability of Binary,Ternary, and Quaternary Composite Pastes

At present, reducing carbon emissions is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the cement industry. This study used three mineral admixtures materials: limestone powder (0–10%), metakaolin (0–15%), and fly ash (0–30%). Binary, ternary, and quaternary pastes were prepared, and the specimens’ workability, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse speed, surface resistivity, and the heat of hydration were studied; X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared tests were conducted. In addition, the influence of supplementary cementitious materials on the compressive strength and durability of the blended paste and the sustainable development of the quaternary-blended paste was analyzed. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) metakaolin can reduce the workability of cement paste; (2) the addition of alternative materials can promote cement hydration and help improve long-term compressive strength; (3) surface resistivity tests show that adding alternative materials can increase the value of surface resistivity; (4) the quaternary-blended paste can greatly reduce the accumulated heat of hydration; (5) increasing the amount of supplementary cementitious materials can effectively reduce carbon emissions compared with pure cement paste. In summary, the quaternary-blended paste has great advantages in terms of durability and sustainability and has good development prospects.     

消肿愈溃散外敷治疗小儿疱疹性口炎临床观察

目的观察消肿愈溃散外敷治疗小儿疱疹性口炎的临床疗效。方法将213例疱疹性口炎患儿随机分为2组。治疗组115例予消肿愈溃散外涂,对照组98例予锡类散外涂。观察2组疗效及2组6~8岁患儿各45例用药后疼痛消退时间。结果治疗组痊愈率为66.1%,总有效率为99.5%;对照组痊愈率为39.1%,总有效率为59.1%,2组比较均有显著性差异(P均<0.01)。治疗组疼痛消失时间为(1.08±0.36)日,对照组为(2.06±0.53)日,2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论消肿愈溃散治疗小儿疱疹性口炎疗效较好,止痛效果理想。     

参芪杀白汤为主联合化疗治疗急性白血病合并脾周围炎临床研究

目的:观察参芪杀白汤为主联合化疗治疗白血病伴发脾周围炎患者临床疗效及患者脾肿大范围、疼痛程度、局部皮温及彩超脾周围炎相关表现的治疗前后改善情况。方法:在DA方案或VDCP±L-Asp方案化疗基础上,采用益气养阴,化瘀消癥中药,自拟参芪杀白汤内服、丹香解毒消癥散外敷治疗伴脾周围炎急性髓细胞白血病或急性淋巴细胞白血病。结果: 白血病疗效表明,观察组CR率69.0%,观察组46.3%; 总有效率观察组88.1%,明显优于对照组(68.3%,P<0.05); 脾周围炎治疗效果观察组痊愈率59.5%,对照组39.0%; 总有效率观察组92.9%,优于对照组(82.9%,P<0.05)。结论:益气养阴、化瘀消癥中药内服外用治疗急性白血病伴发脾周围炎可提高完全缓解率,既可清热解毒通络以止痛,又可软坚消癥治疗辅助治疗白血病,且未见明显不良反应。     

Effect of Mo and Ta on the Mechanical and Superelastic Properties of Ti-Nb Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

The effect of ternary alloying elements (Mo and Ta) on the mechanical and superelastic properties of binary Ti-14Nb alloy fabricated by the mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering was investigated. The materials were prepared in two ways: (i) by substituting Nb in base Ti-14Nb alloy by 2 at.% of the ternary addition, giving the following compositions: Ti-8Nb-2Mo and Ti-12Nb-2Ta and (ii) by adding 2 at.% of the ternary element to the base alloy. The microstructures of the materials consisted of the equiaxed β-grains and fine precipitations of TiC. The substitution of Nb by both Mo and Ta did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the base Ti-14Nb alloy, however, their addition resulted in a decrease of yield strength and increase of plasticity. This was associated with the occurrence of the {332} <113> twinning that was found during the in-situ observations. The elevated concentration of interstitial elements (oxygen and carbon) lead to the occurrence of stress-induced martensitic transformation and twinning mechanisms at lower concentration of β-stabilizers in comparison to the conventionally fabricated materials. The substitution of Nb by Mo, and Ta caused the slight improvement of the superelastic properties of the base Ti-14Nb alloy, whereas their addition deteriorated the superelasticity.     

逍遥散联合恩替卡韦治疗肝郁脾虚型慢性乙型肝炎疗效研究

目的:探究逍遥散联合恩替卡韦治疗肝郁脾虚型慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床疗效。方法:选取慢性乙型肝炎患者100例,用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例。对照组给予恩替卡韦治疗,观察组给予恩替卡韦加逍遥散,比较两组患者的中医证候、血清病毒载量、肝脏硬度及不良反应等相关指标。结果:治疗3个月后,观察组的各项中医证候评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),临床疗效总有效率为92.00%高于对照组的76.00%(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后HBV-DNA转阴率观察组仍高于对照组,FS值小于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,观察组的HBV-DNA转阴率高于对照组(P<0.05),FS值小于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者均未出现严重的不良反应,总不良反应发生率比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:逍遥散联合恩替卡韦治疗,能有效改善肝郁脾虚型CHB患者的临床证候,促进HBV-DNA阴转,降低肝脏硬度,且不良反应较少。     

盐酸小檗碱粉雾剂的制备及其对金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎的作用研究

目的制备盐酸小檗碱粉雾剂,肺部给药后考察其对于金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎的药效作用。方法通过正交试验优化喷雾干燥条件,制备盐酸小檗碱粉雾剂;对其肺部沉积、流动性、外观形态进行研究;并评价该制剂对金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎大鼠的药效作用。结果最终确定在130℃的进口温度、610L/h的气体体积流量下,以3m L/min的进料体积流量,通过喷雾干燥制备盐酸小檗碱粉雾剂。盐酸小檗碱粉雾剂肺部沉积率(FPF)76.4%,空气动力学直径为4.61μm。稳定指数(SI)≈1,充气能比(AR)=1.761,充气能量(AE10)=2.1 mJ10 mJ。对金黄色葡萄球菌的药效学评价,表面盐酸小檗碱粉雾剂可以有效改善肺炎大鼠的病理状态,显著降低肺炎大鼠白细胞、中性粒细胞的数量(P0.05),以及炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6)的水平。结论盐酸小檗碱粉雾剂通过肺部给药可以直达病变部位,对金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎具有显著的治疗作用。     

Optimization of a dry powder inhaler of ciprofloxacin-loaded polymeric nanomicelles by spray drying process

Ciprofloxacin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for treatment of pulmonary infections. Nanocarriers such as nanomicelles can increase the drug residence time in the lungs and enhance their antibacterial effects. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are the preferred pulmonary drug delivery system and preparation of an optimum nanoaggregate from nanomicelles by means of spray drying would be valuable. The two-level full factorial design was performed in 16 runs. The effects of carrier type, anti-adhesion agent type, carrier to nanoparticle ratio and anti-adhesion agent to carrier ratio on the size of the microparticles, their in vitro pulmonary deposition, and redispersibility were investigated. Its antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae also were investigated. All independent variables were fitted into two-factorial interaction models. The optimum nanoaggregate was prepared using mannitol and L-phenylalanine with a D_0.5 of 1.7?µm and 60% fine particles. The process had no negative effect on the stability or drug release profile of the nanomicelles. The antibacterial effects of ciprofloxacin against microorganisms increased significantly. This spray drying process could be used for preparation of an optimum DPI from polymeric nanomicelles. This formulation could increase the efficacy of ciprofloxacin for treatment of pulmonary infections.