Post-fracture Risk Assessment: Target the Centrally Sited Fractures First! A Substudy of NoFRACT

The location of osteoporotic fragility fractures adds crucial information to post-fracture risk estimation. Triaging patients according to fracture site for secondary fracture prevention can therefore be of interest to prioritize patients considering the high imminent fracture risk. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were therefore to explore potential differences between central (vertebral, hip, proximal humerus, pelvis) and peripheral (forearm, ankle, other) fractures. This substudy of the Norwegian Capture the Fracture Initiative (NoFRACT) included 495 women and 119 men ≥50 years with fragility fractures. They had bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), trabecular bone score (TBS) calculated, concomitantly vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) with semiquantitative grading of vertebral fractures (SQ1–SQ3), and a questionnaire concerning risk factors for fractures was answered. Patients with central fractures exhibited lower BMD of the femoral neck (765 versus 827 mg/cm²), total hip (800 versus 876 mg/cm²), and lumbar spine (1024 versus 1062 mg/cm²); lower mean TBS (1.24 versus 1.28); and a higher proportion of SQ1-SQ3 fractures (52.0% versus 27.7%), SQ2–SQ3 fractures (36.8% versus 13.4%), and SQ3 fractures (21.5% versus 2.2%) than patients with peripheral fractures (all p < 0.05). All analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI); and the analyses of TBS and SQ1–SQ3 fracture prevalence was additionally adjusted for BMD). In conclusion, patients with central fragility fractures revealed lower femoral neck BMD, lower TBS, and higher prevalence of vertebral fractures on VFA than the patients with peripheral fractures. This suggests that patients with central fragility fractures exhibit more severe deterioration of bone structure, translating into a higher risk of subsequent fragility fractures and therefore they should get the highest priority in secondary fracture prevention, although attention to peripheral fractures should still not be diminished. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

冠状动脉SYNTAX评分与左心功能指数间相关性研究

目的 分析冠心病患者冠状动脉病变复杂程度与左心功能指数间的相关性.方法 69例冠心病患者根据冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA) SYNTAX评分分为低危组(27例)、中危组(23例)、高危组(19例).使用SPSS16软件,采用ANOVA分析比较3组左心功能的差异,采用Spearman秩相关分析SYNTAX评分与左心功能指标间的相关性.结果 低、中、高危3组患者间左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)、射血分数(EF)、心肌质量(MM)差异有统计学意义(F值分别为7.254、9.181、13.004、7.544、5.276,P均<0.05).冠状动脉SYNTAX评分与左心室EF呈显著负相关(r=-0.702,P<0.05),与MM呈显著正相关(r=0.638,P<0.05).结论 冠状动脉SYNTAX评分与左心室EF呈显著负相关,与左心室MM呈显著正相关.     

LOX-1对急性冠脉综合征的早期预测价值

目的:探讨血凝素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1(LOX-1)对急性冠脉综合征的早期预测价值.方法:选择行冠脉动脉造影的患者75例,根据临床情况分为正常对照组(NC组)22例、不稳定型心绞痛组(UA组)28例和急性心肌梗死组(AMI组)25例,根据SYNTAX积分分为高危组(19例)和低危组(34例).采用酶联免疫法测定患者血清LOX-1水平.结果:AMI组LOX-1水平高于UA组和NC组,UA组LOX-1水平高于NC组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).高危组患者LOX-1水平(107.43±35.18)ng/L高于低危组(86.90±31.27) ng/L,差异有统计学意义(t=2.19,P＜0.05).结论:LOX-1是预测急性冠脉综合征很有潜力的生物学标志物.     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介人术治疗前后血清补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白-12水平变化及意义*

摘要:目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮 冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗前后血清补体Clq/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白-12(CTRP12)水平的变化及意义。方法纳入 2021年11月至2022年10月于丹阳市人民医院行急诊PCI术的AMI患者50例和同期住院行冠脉造影结果正常的患者35例,比较两组外周静脉血清CTRPI2水平。PCI术前、术中及术后第3.5.7天检测血清CTRP12水平,比较罪犯冠脉口、外周静脉血清CTRP12水平和外周静脉PCI术后不同时间点的变化。采用SYNTAX评分系统评估冠脉病变严重程度,将其分为SYNTAX评分≤22分和SYNTAX评分>22分两组,比校两组外周静脉血清CTRPI2水平和PCI术治疗前后不同时间点的变化。分析CTRP12与年龄、体质指数(BM)、空腹血糖、血脂等因素的相关性。Logistie回归分析冠脉病变严重程度的影响因素。结果AmI 患者外周静脉血清CTRP12水平低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。术前外周静脉与术中罪犯冠脉口血清CTRP12水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与PCI术前相比,术后第3天血清CTRP12水平降低(P<0.05),术后第5天和第7天血清CTRP12水平升高,但差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与PCI术后第3天相比,术后第5天和第7天血清CTRP12水平升高,但差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与SYNTAX≤22分组相比,SYNTAX>22分组患者PCI术前和术后第3天血清CTRP12水平降低(P均<0.05),而术后第5天和第7天血清CTRP12水平差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。CTRP12 与总胆固醇(TC)呈负相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈正相关。单因素Logistic回归分析示CTRP12是AmI患者冠脉病变严重程度的独立影响因素(β=-1.671 ,OR=0.188, P<0.05);在校正年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟高血压、糖尿病、空腹血糖.TC、三酰甘油(TC) HDL-C ,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(IDL-C)后, CTRP12仍是AMI患者冠脉病变严重程度的独立影响因素(β=-3.441 ,0R=0.032 ,P<0.05)。结论AMI 患者PCI术前外周静脉血清CTRP12水平显著降低,术后第.3天继续下降,术后第5天和第7天呈上升趋势。CTRPI2是AMI患者冠脉严重程度的独立相关因素。     

临床 SYNTAX 积分和 SYNTAX 积分预测复杂冠状动脉性心脏病 患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗预后的对比研究

目的比较临床SYNTAX积分和SYNTAX积分对冠状动脉性心脏病(简称冠心病)3支病变和/或左主干病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后的预测作用。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2008年12月北京安贞医院经造影证实3支病变和/或左主干病变并接受PCI治疗的患者。对每例患者进行SYNTAX积分和临床SYNTAX积分,通过门诊或电话随访患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE),包括全因死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、再次血运重建、中风等。结果符合入选条件的患者总计190例,其中29例观察到MACCE,MACCE发生率18.5%。多因素分析结果显示,临床SYNTAX积分和SYNTAX积分均为MACCE的独立预测因子[临床SYNTAX积分,风险比(HR):2.07,95%可信区间(CI):1.25～3.44,P=0.005;SYNTAX积分,HR:1.86,95%CI:1.14～3.06,P=0.014]。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,SYNTAX积分曲线下面积(AUC)=0.667(95%CI:0.564～0.770,P=0.004),临床SYNTAX积分AUC=0.636(95%CI:0.519～0.753,P=0.020),两者均对MACCE有预测价值,加入了年龄肌酐射血分数(ACEF)积分的临床SYNTAX积分未能提高SYNTAX积分对MACCE的预测能力。结论临床SYNTAX积分和SYN-TAX积分均是预测复杂冠心病患者PCI预后的较理想工具,且临床SYNTAX积分并不优于SYNTAX积分。     

急性心肌梗死患者胰岛素抵抗与冠状动脉病变关系的初步研究

目的: 探讨急性心肌梗死患者胰岛素抵抗与冠脉病变的关系。方法: 纳入接受直接经皮冠状动脉支架置入术（PCI）的急性心肌梗死患者153例,分别检测其甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、同型半胱氨酸（HCY）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、肌酐水平,应用SYNTAX积分、罪犯血管、病变支数、支架长度及直径评价冠脉病变情况,分析胰岛素抵抗与冠脉病变的相关性。 结果: 胰岛素抵抗患者体质指数（BMI）、TC、TG、LDL、HCY、hs-CRP、FPG、FINS、冠脉支架长度、SYNTAX积分、高血压患病率、吸烟构成比均高于敏感患者,差异有统计学意义,在年龄、肌酐、高密度脂蛋白、性别构成比、糖尿病患病率及罪犯血管、病变支数、支架直径方面差异无统计学意义,各因素在不同胰岛素抵抗程度方面亦无明显差异,Pearson线性相关及多因素线性回归分析显示,BMI、TG、TC、LDL、CRP、FPG、FINS、SYNTAX积分与胰岛素抵抗指数HOMA-IR呈显著正相关, BMI、TG、LDL、CRP是影响胰岛素抵抗指数的主要因素。结论: 胰岛素抵抗加重急性心肌梗死患者冠脉血管病变范围及程度。

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Predictors of Peak Troponin Level in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Prior Aspirin Use and SYNTAX Score

The peak troponin level has been associated with cardiovascular (CV) mortality and adverse CV events. The association of peak troponin with CV risk factors and severity and complexity of coronary artery disease remains unknown. We assessed the predictors of peak troponin in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aims to determine the predictors of peak troponin in ACS. Cardiac catheterization (CC) reports and electronic medical records from 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 219 patients were eligible for the study. All major CV risk factors, comorbidities, laboratory data, CC indications, and coronary lesion characteristics were included. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were done. On multivariate linear regression analysis, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (p = 0.001, β = 65.16) and increasing synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score (p = 0.002, β = 1.15) were associated with higher peak troponin. The Pearson correlation between SYNTAX score and peak troponin was r = 0.257, p = 0.001. History of daily aspirin use was associated with lower peak troponin (p = 0.002, β = −24.32). Prior statin use (p = 0.321, β = −8.98) and the presence of CV risk factors were not associated with peak troponin. Coronary artery disease severity and complexity, urgency of CC, and prior aspirin use are associated with peak troponin levels in ACS. Our findings may help predict patient population with ACS who would be at a greater risk for short- and long-term CV morbidity and mortality due to elevated peak troponin.     

Optimal timing of coronary angiograms for patients with chronic kidney disease: association between the duration of kidney dysfunction and SYNTAX scores

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there are few data on the relationship between CAD severity and the duration of CKD. This study assessed the predictive value of the duration of kidney dysfunction in CKD patients with CAD severity.MethodsIn 145 patients (63.4% male, n = 92; mean age, 68.8 ± 12.8 years) with CKD, severity of CAD was assessed by coronary angiography and quantified by SYNTAX scores, and duration of kidney dysfunction was either assessed by checking historical biochemical parameters of individuals or was based on enquiries.ResultsPatients with high SYNTAX scores (≥ 22) had a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors including age, gender, history of heart failure and smoking. In CKD patients, SYNTAX scores were positively correlated to duration of CKD and serum uric acid (UA), and negatively correlated to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and ApoA1 levels. Univariate binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic analyses showed that SYNTAX scores correlated significantly with CKD duration, UA, and HDL-C. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to explore a time point when coronary angiography application was economical and effective and yielded a Youden index of 6.5 years.ConclusionsTogether, our results demonstrated that the duration of kidney dysfunction was an independent correlate of the severity of CAD in patients with CKD. Our findings suggest that coronary angiography should be considered for CKD patients with renal insufficiency having lasted for more than 6.5 years.