Chondroprotective Potential of Fruit Extracts of Phyllanthus emblica in Osteoarthritis

There is a need for effective nutraceuticals for osteoarthritis care. The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica is used as a powerful rejuvenator in Ayurvedic medicine. This study measured the chondroprotective potential of P. emblica ('Amalaki') fruits in vitro. We used aqueous extracts of unprocessed P. emblica fruit powder (powder A), and the powder obtained after hot water extraction and drying of powder A (powder B). Chondroprotection was measured in three different assay systems. First, we tested the effects of both fruit powders on the activities of the enzymes hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2. Second, an in vitro model of cartilage degradation was set-up with explant cultures of articular knee cartilage from osteoarthritis patients. Cartilage damage was assayed by measuring glycosaminoglycan release from explants treated with/without P. emblica fruit powders. Aqueous extracts of both fruit powders significantly inhibited the activities of hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2 in vitro. Third, in the explant model of cartilage matrix damage, extracts of glucosamine sulphate and powder B (0.05 mg/ml) exhibited statistically significant, long-term chondroprotective activity in cartilage explants from 50% of the patients tested. This result is important since glucosamine sulphate is the leading nutraceutical for osteoarthritis. Powder A induced a statistically significant, short-term chondroprotective activity in cartilage explants from all of the patients tested. This is the first study to identify and quantitate new chondroprotective activities of P. emblica fruits. These data provide pilot pre-clinical evidence for the use of P. emblica fruits as a chondroprotective agent in osteoarthritis therapy.     

红鱼眼茎与叶化学成分的初步研究

目的：初步探索红鱼眼茎与叶的化学成分。方法：采用常规化学反应鉴别方法检测红鱼眼茎与叶的化学成分。结果：成分预试验结果提示红鱼眼茎与叶均可能含有多肽、糖类、鞣质、有机酸、黄酮类、酚类、香豆素与内酯类、甾体或三萜类、挥发油及油脂等成分;其叶中还可能含有蒽醌类成分,其茎中还可能含有皂苷类、强心苷成分。结论：以上结果为进一步研究红鱼眼的生物活性成分提供科学依据。     

叶下珠的人工栽培方法研究

目的:研究在人工栽培条件下,叶下珠的种植方法、栽培条件、生长规律,探讨叶下珠规模化人工栽培的可行性,为总结叶下珠的GAP技术打下坚实的基础.方法:采用3因素、3水平正交试验法,将野生植株与人工种子种植和人工幼苗移栽的方法相比较,研究在不同种植方法和种植条件下叶下珠的生物学特性差异,从而筛选出最佳种植技术.结果:在人工栽培条件下,叶下珠的各项指标均优于野生;采用种子繁育与人工移栽相结合的栽培方法明显优于单纯种子种植;叶下珠喜欢生长在土壤肥沃、潮湿的生长环境中.结论:广东省云浮地区适合叶下珠的人工种植;方法是:采用种子繁育幼苗,人工幼苗移栽的方法种植;水肥条件是:播种前多施底肥,移栽后施苗肥,干旱时适当浇水,保持土壤墒分.     

Protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica and their combination against antitubercular drugs induced hepatic damage: an experimental study

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of two Indian medicinal plants Tinospora cordifolia (Tc), Phyllanthus emblica (Pe), and their combination, in a rat model of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide induced hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was assessed using a composite score assigned to histopathological findings of degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis. The antituberculosis treatment (ATT), when given for 90 days, induced significant degeneration and necrosis (score: 7.5; p < 0.01 vs vehicle) associated with morphological changes. However, no change was found in the serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. Co-administration of silymarin (positive control, 50 mg/kg) with ATT protected against necrosis (score: 1.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Tc (100 mg/kg) showed a reduction in liver damage (score: 6.5), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, Pe (300 mg/kg) prevented the necrotic changes to a significant extent (grade 1.0; p < 0.05; score [corrected] 5.5). Combination of Tc and Pe in their therapeutic doses (1:3) significantly prevented the necrosis (score: 3.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Similar effects were seen even when the doses were halved and were comparable to the silymarin group. Thus, this study proves the synergistic protective effects exerted by the combination of Tc and Pe when co-administered with ATT.     

印度、海南、河南产叶下珠属治疗乙型肝炎的疗效观察

采用河南省蜜柑草PhyllanthusurinariaL.海南省小返魂P.niruriL.及印度提供的苦味叶下珠P.amarusL.治疗乙肝患者各35例、42例、11例。结果P.urinariaL.组对HBeAg有转阴作用,对HBeAb有转阳作用,其余2种皆无这种作用。上述3种对HBsAg转阴皆无作用。     

A Prolyl endopeptidase-lnhibiting antioxidant fromPhyllanthus ussurensis

A prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Phyllanthus ussurensis. The active compound was identified as an ellagitannin, corilagin. It was shown to non-competitively inhibit prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) with the IC50 value of 1.17x10(-6) microM. The Ki value was 6.70x10(-7) M. Corilagin was less inhibitory to other serine proteases such as chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase, indicating that it was relatively a specific inhibitor of PEP. Corilagin also effectively inhibited reactive oxygen species such as hydroxide and superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH. Especially, corilagin showed potent scavenging activity on the superoxide anion radical in the ESR method (IC50 = 3.79x10(-6) M) as well as xanthine oxidase system.     

传统药物余甘子的民族药学研究

系统研究了余甘子的民族药学,介绍了余甘子的生物学特性,地理分布格局,化学组成以及近年来所开展的药理研究成果,并介绍了17个国家及民族在其医疗实践中对余甘子的传统使用。通过跨文化比较研究指出,作为一种重要的传统药物,余甘子与保肝、抗癌、健胃、抗诱变、抗衰老等35种功能有关,是一种具有广阔开发前景的药用植物。     

肝康对HBV转染细胞表达功能的影响

用２．２．１５细胞系模型，连续１３ｄ检测ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ，动态观察肝康对其的抑制作用。结果：①均有一个相似的药物作用曲线，即从用药到见效需３～４ｄ，较强的抑制可维持３～５ｄ，然后逐渐减弱、消失；②分泌、复制越是旺盛，抑制作用越强；③有量效依赖关系     

苦味叶下珠家化种植技术

目的对苦味叶下珠野生变家种栽培习性及种植技术进行研究。方法观测种子发芽、出苗、有性繁殖及大田病虫害防治。结果苦味叶下珠野生资源已不能满足市场需求,需人工栽培,人工种植以种子繁殖为主。结论人工种植苦味叶下珠,周期短,效益高,是热区农民增收致富的短平快项目。     

超临界CO2萃取叶下珠干燥全草的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2 萃取技术 ,对叶下珠干燥全草进行萃取 ,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、85 %(V/V)乙醇 水溶液夹带剂用量等参数对萃取效果的影响。通过正交试验确定了本实验体系的适宜工艺参数 ,实验结果表明 ,在萃取压力为 18MPa、萃取温度为 5 0℃、萃取时间为 2 5h、分离温度为 4 2℃、分离压力为 5 8± 0 2MPa ,CO2 流量为 3 0± 0 2L/h的条件下 ,萃取率可达 9%。