前列腺炎栓药理学实验研究

目的 :探讨前列腺炎栓治疗慢性前列腺炎药理学作用原理。方法 :采用细菌性及非细菌性两种大鼠模型 ,考察该药对前列腺组织炎症反应的影响 ;采用急性血瘀证动物模型 ,观察其活血作用 ;同时进行了一般抗炎、镇痛、体内外抑菌实验。结果与结论 :前列腺炎栓可明显抑制前列腺组织炎症反应 ,恢复前列腺分泌功能 ;具有很好的抗炎、镇痛、抑菌作用 ;对血瘀证大鼠血液流变学改变亦有一定改善。     

The effect of combined therapy for treatment of monotherapy-resistant PDA in preterm infants

Objective: Hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) is one of the most common problems in preterm infants. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined pharmacological (paracetamol?+?ibuprofen) therapy on monotherapy-resistant hsPDA in infants.

Subject and methods: The study included infants with persistent hsPDA, unresponsive to monotherapy. Combined treatment (paracetamol?+?ibuprofen) was started as paracetamol at a dose of 15?mg/kg every 6?hours for 5?days, and ibuprofen at an initial dose of 10?mg/kg followed by 5?mg/kg at 24 and 48?hours. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed at 2?days after the end of treatment. If hsPDA persisted after the combined treatment, a surgical PDA ligation was considered.

Results: A total of 12 infants were enrolled and 9 infants (75%) with monotherapy-resistant PDA were successfully treated with combined therapy. In three patients, no response was obtained to the combined treatment so surgical ligation was applied.

Conclusions: Combined therapy may be a useful treatment option for monotherapy-resistant hsPDA in preterm infants. Before surgical ligations, this combined therapy option should be considered.     

孚康栓联合双唑泰泡腾片治疗念珠菌性外阴阴道炎的疗效观察

目的 :探讨孚康栓联合双唑泰泡腾片治疗初发性念珠菌性外阴阴道炎在第一疗程的疗效及应用价值。方法 :对 86例念珠菌性外阴阴道炎患者随机分为两组各 4 3例 ,治疗组 (孚康栓 +双唑泰泡腾片 )及对照组 (孚康栓 )放入阴道深处。结果 :治疗组的近期疗效及远期治愈率均高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :孚康栓 +双唑泰泡腾片治疗念珠菌性外阴阴道炎治愈率高 ,复发率低 ,副作用小 ,价格低廉 ,易于患者接受     

A comparison of the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and S-carboxymethylcysteine against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity

The protective effect of the sulphur-containing amino acids N-acetylcysteine and S-carboxymethylcystein against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in the hamster by biochemical and histological methods. Of the animals receiving paracetamol alone 25% died within 24 h following administration. All surviving animals showed acute hepatocellular injury and marked loss of cytochrome P-450 and hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities. Simultaneous administration of -acetylcysteine decreased the mortality rate, partly prevented the paracetamol-induced liver damage and partly restored enzyme activities. Simultaneous administration of S-carboxymethylcysteine with paracetamol afforded no protection. Kidneys from all animals were histologically normal. Human liver microsomes and liver microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated hamsters metabolised paracetamol to intermediate(s) that bind covalently to microsomal proteins. The rate of covalent binding was inhibited markedly by N-acetylcycsteine and to a lesser extent by S-carboxymethylcysteine.     

Involvement of mitochondria in acetaminophen-induced apoptosis and hepatic injury: roles of cytochrome c,Bax, Bid,and caspases

The role of apoptosis in acetaminophen (AAP)-induced hepatic injury was investigated. Six hours after AAP administration to BALB/c mice, a significant loss of hepatic mitochondrial cytochrome c was observed that was similar in extent to the loss observed after in vivo activation of CD95 by antibody treatment. AAP-induced loss of mitochondrial cytochrome c coincided with the appearance in the cytosol of a fragment corresponding to truncated Bid (tBid). At the same time, tBid became detectable in the mitochondrial fraction, and concomitantly, Bax was found translocated to mitochondria. However, AAP failed to activate the execution caspases 3 and 7 as evidenced by a lack of procaspase processing and the absence of an increase in caspase-3-like activity. In contrast, the administration of the pan-inhibitor of caspases, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (but not its analogue benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-fluoromethylketone) prevented the development of liver injury by AAP and the appearance of apoptotic parenchymal cells. This correlated with the inhibition of the processing of Bid to tBid. The caspase inhibitor failed to prevent both the redistribution of Bax to the mitochondria and the loss of cytochrome c. In conclusion, apoptosis is an important causal event in the initiation of the hepatic injury inflicted by AAP. However, as suggested by the lack of activation of the main execution caspases, apoptosis is not properly executed and degenerates into necrosis.     

Substances used in deliberate self-poisoning 1985-1997: trends and associations with age, gender, repetition and suicide intent

Background: Rates of deliberate self-poisoning have increased in recent years. While over-the-counter availability and prescribing patterns may influence trends in substances used in overdose, these may also be related to clinical characteristics of patients. We investigate trends in substances used for self-poisoning and the influence of age, gender, suicidal intent and repetition status on the substances used. Method: Data collected by the Oxford Monitoring System for Attempted Suicide were used to review trends and patterns of self-poisoning between 1985 and 1997. Results: There were substantial increases in self-poisoning with paracetamol and antidepressants. While the increase in antidepressant self-poisoning closely paralleled local prescribing figures during 1995–97, SSRI antidepressant overdoses occurred somewhat more often than expected compared with tricyclic overdoses. Paracetamol overdoses were more common in first-timers and young people, whereas overdoses of antidepressants and tranquillizers were more common in repeaters and older people. Self-poisoning with gas and non-ingestible poisons was associated with high suicidal intent. Conclusions: There have been marked changes in the substances used for self-poisoning, which seem primarily to reflect availability, as do the influences of age and repeater status on choice of substances used. Degree of suicidal intent may also influence choice of method of self-poisoning. Accepted: 31 January 2001     

妇洁栓的研制

目的研究治疗宫颈糜烂的有效药物。方法将双黄连制成阴道栓并建立其质量标准。结果含量测定的结果为100.12%,RSD为1.85%,双黄连栓室温24个月稳定。结论质量标准可以有效控制栓剂的质量。     

苗药道否纳栓剂的毒性学实验研究

目的研究苗药道否纳栓剂对家兔的毒性作用。方法对家兔分别采用单次及多次阴道给药,进行急性毒性和刺激性实验,观察其全身状态有无异常及阴道组织有无充血、红肿等。并进行皮肤变态反应实验。结果对家兔皮肤无刺激性,家兔给药前后全身状态无明显变化,刺激反应评分为0。结论苗药道否纳栓剂对家兔安全、无刺激性。     

内异康复栓对子宫内膜异位症大鼠异位和在位内膜雌、孕激素受体的影响

目的观察内异康复栓直肠给药对子宫内膜异位症大鼠异位和在位内膜雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)表达的不同影响,探讨其作用机理。方法将子宫内膜异位症大鼠随机分为内异康复栓高、中剂量组及丹那唑组、丹莪妇康煎膏组、模型组、空白组,采用免疫组化SP法检测ER、PR的表达。结果内异康复栓高、中剂量组能显著降低异位内膜ER、PR的表达(P<0.05),并对在位内膜下降的ER、PR水平有上调作用(P>0.05)。结论内异康复栓可能通过抑制异位内膜细胞内ER、PR的合成而发挥治疗作用,且对在位内膜异常的ER、PR表达有一定的调节作用。