胰岛素抵抗与冠心病危险因素及冠状动脉病变程度的相关分析

目的　通过胰岛素抵抗与冠心病危险因素及冠状动脉病变的相关分析 ,探讨胰岛素抵抗对冠心病的作用机制。方法　连续收集经冠状动脉造影证实至少有一支血管狭窄≥ 5 0 %的 12 3名患者作为研究对象 ,并排除有甲状腺和严重肝、肾、胰腺疾患及使用胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者。均行口服葡萄糖耐量 (OGTT)试验及血脂、胰岛素测定。以HOMA值作为评价胰岛素抵抗程度指标 ,对冠心病危险因素、冠状动脉病变程度、危险因素聚集 (高血压病、糖耐量异常 糖尿病、超重、高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 5个危险因素计分 )行相关分析。结果　胰岛素抵抗与体重指数、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、空腹胰岛素、餐后胰岛素、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高血压病史均有明显相关性 ,而且随着胰岛素抵抗程度增加 ,这些冠心病危险因素聚集性呈增加趋势 ,冠状动脉的病变范围、病变程度也呈增加趋势。结论　胰岛素抵抗可能是疾病的基础 ,在冠心病Ⅰ、Ⅱ级预防中不仅要对症治疗 ,更重要的是采取降低胰岛素抵抗等综合治疗措施。     

Risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus using results of a prospective population-based study in Iranian pregnant women

Aims

Early identification of at-risk groups is an important step in preventing gestational diabetes and its subsequent side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of gestational diabetes based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria in Ahvaz.

成都市区超重与肥胖人群现状调查——7288例分析

目的　了解生活方式变化对超重与肥胖的相关因素及现状 .方法　采用整群抽样 ,对成都市区有代表性人群 72 88例进行社会经济状况 ,体重指数 (BMI=体重kg/身高m2 ) ,血压及某些危险因素综合调查 .结果　本组BMI平均 2 2 4 4(男 2 2 86 ,女 2 1 95) ,正常BMI( 18 5～ 2 3 9)占人群 57 96 % ,BMI≥ 2 4及BMI≥ 2 8(超重及肥胖者 )达 30 56 %和 5 96 % ,男性 30岁后女性 4 0岁后即接近峰值 ,70岁以后稍降低 ,危险因素水平 (血压 ,血糖 ,TC ,TG等 )及心血管病事件均随BMT增加 ,BMI与多种危险因素明显相关 .结论　近年来BMI明显增加 ,而BMI与多种危险因素密切相关 ,应采取切实有效措施防治人群体重进一步增长     

Clinical and histologic features of adults with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in a non-cirrhotic cohort

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Calcium compartmentation in cardiac tissue culture: the effects of extracellular sodium depletion

The effect of extracellular sodium depletion upon cellular calcium distribution in myocardial tissue culture is studied with the use of sucrose or lithium chloride as substitutes for sodium. With sucrose substitution more than 50% of the increase in calcium at the cellular surface secondary to [Na]0 depletion is probably localized to a screening layer with the remainder bound to the sarcolemma of the cell. Calcium distribution (sucrose substituted) is studied under three different perfusion conditions: (1) In HEPES-buffered perfusate (pH = 7.1-7.35) the 113% gain in Ca at the cellular surface upon 33 mM [Na]0 perfusion is rapidly exchangeable, completely lanthanum (La) displaceable and more than 90% reversible. 5 X 10(-5) verapamil does not affect the response. (2) In 10 mM Pi (phosphate) solution at pH = 7.15, in which a slowly exchangeable mitochondrial Ca compartment is added, the gain in Ca after low [Na]0 is again rapidly exchangeable and 85% reversible that is, similar to the response in HEPES-buffered solution. (3) In 10 mM Pi solution at pH = 7.35 in which slow phase calcium uptake in 133 mM [Na]0 is increased, the initial rapid Ca response to low [Na]0 is similar to that in (1) and (2) but the slow phase uptake rate is further increased by 3.75 times. The major portion of this uptake is not reversible upon return to 133 mM [Na]0. The results distinguish two markedly different effects of [Na]0 depletion in tissue culture dependent upon the pre Na-depletion state of Ca compartmentation: (1) Addition of almost all the calcium to rapidly exchangeable sites at the cellular surface when exchange is limited to these sites and to mitochondria. (2) Further addition of calcium to more slowly exchangeable cellular site(s) when slow phase uptake is increased, by elevation of Pi at pH = 7.35, prior to low [Na]0 perfusion.     

Development of a Questionnaire Method to Discriminate Between Typical and Atypical Genotypes of Low Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in a Japanese Population

Nearly half of all Orientals exhibit aversive symptoms, such as "Oriental flushing" or palpitation, during alcohol consumption. This high alcohol sensitivity among Orientals has been attributed to a highly prevalent polymorphism in low K_m aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). In the present study, we attempted to develop a reliable questionnaire method to probe the frequency of alcohol drinking-related symptoms to estimate the ALDH2 genotype. Four-hundred twenty-four male and 100 female workers provided blood samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis and completed the questionnaire. We performed a stepwise logistic regression analysis to discriminate between the typical homozygote ( ALDH2*1/*1 ) and the atypical heterozygote ( ALDH2*1/*2 ) in male subjects. Because of the limitation in the sample size for ALDH2*2/*2 , this genotype was not included in the analysis. Results revealed that only three symptoms (facial flushing, flushing elsewhere, and palpitation) were enough to correctly predict the ALDH2 genotypes in ∼89% of all subjects. The present questionnaire method ( AL cohol Sensitivity screening Test; ALST) takes a little time and effort for the genotype determination, and may be especially useful in epidemiological studies with a large sample size or with subjects from whom DNA samples are not available.     

Coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification are associated with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis The goals of this study were to determine whether coronary calcium is associated with the presence of clinical cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes and if the measurement of abdominal aortic calcium may have an independent or added benefit as a surrogate marker for clinical vascular disease.Methods A cross-sectional study of subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in seven medical centres in the USA participating in a Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of glycaemic control. Enrolled subjects included 309 veterans over 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes, with or without stable cardiovascular disease, who had inadequate glycaemic control (HbA₁c>7.5%) on oral agents and/or insulin. The study assessed lifestyle behaviours, standard cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery and abdominal aorta calcification by electron beam computed tomography.Results Subjects with coronary artery or abdominal aorta calcification present had a strikingly higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease and all combined cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of each condition increased from 5- to 13-fold with increasing quintiles of coronary artery calcification and from 2- to 3-fold with increasing abdominal aorta calcification. These associations persisted after adjustment for lifestyle behaviours and standard cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusions/interpretation These results support the notion that vascular calcium in type 2 diabetes provides additional information beyond that of standard risk factors in identifying the presence of cardiovascular disease. Subclinical measures of atherosclerosis such as arterial calcification may help more precisely stratify these individuals and alert healthcare providers to those individuals who have particularly accelerated atherosclerosis.     

Coronary artery calcifications and 6-month mortality in patients with COVID-19 without known atheromatous disease

Central illustration. Six-month mortality according to category of coronary artery calcium (CAC). The mortality rate increased with the magnitude of calcifications according to a visual scoring of CAC on chest computed tomography. CAC was associated with 6-month mortality, independent of conventional cardiovascular risk-factors, in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 without known atheromatous disease. CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio.

     

踝肱指数异常增高的糖尿病患者心血管病危险因素研究

目的分析踝肱指数(ABI)增高的糖尿病患者的心血管病危险因素。方法采用多普勒血流探测仪测定解放军第306医院2003—2005年门诊及病房收治的493例2型糖尿病患者的ABI,以ABI<0·90为低ABI组(n=39),0·90≤ABI≤1·40为正常组(n=353),ABI>1·40为高ABI组(n=101);同时对心血管病危险因素进行分析。结果高ABI与正常ABI组比较,腰围、腰臀比、C反应蛋白、尿酸显著增高,吸烟率及高血压合并症发生率显著增加。结论ABI>1·40的糖尿病患者有更多的动脉硬化危险因素,需要将这些患者与ABI<0·90的患者同样重视。     

COPD合并慢性呼吸衰竭患者院内肺部真菌感染30例临床分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并慢性呼吸衰竭患者院内肺部真菌感染的危险因素、临床特点及防治对策。方法回顾性分析我院收治30例COPD合并慢性呼吸衰竭继发肺部真菌感染患者的临床资料,并与同期30例无院内真菌感染的COPD合并慢性呼吸衰竭患者对比分析。结果COPD合并慢性呼吸衰竭患者肺部真菌感染除与患者年龄、并发症有关外,还与长期住院、广谱抗生素和糖皮质激素的应用、各种侵入性操作等有密切关系,临床表现无特异性。结论合理使用抗生素和糖皮质激素,减少不必要的侵入性操作,尽快脱机,加强全身营养支持,警惕真菌感染,及早治疗,可以有效防治COPD合并慢性呼吸衰竭患者发生肺部真菌感染,改善其预后。