军人心理弹性与疲劳的关系：社会支持与自我效能感的多重中介作用

目的 研究军人疲劳与心理弹性、社会支持以及自我效能感的关系。方法 采用多维疲劳量表(Multidimensional fatigue inventory scale, MFI-20),心理弹性量表(The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, CD-RISC),一般自我效能感量表(General Self Efficacy Scale, GSES),中文版社会支持问卷(Chinese Version Social support revalued scale, SSRS)对812名军人进行测试。采用相关性分析,回归分析探讨变量间的关系并通过建构结构方程模型检验社会支持、自我效能感在心理弹性与疲劳之间的中介作用。结果 共回收到794份有效问卷,有效率为97.78%。相关性结果分析表明疲劳与心理弹性、社会支持以及自我效能感负相关(P < 0.01),心理弹性与社会支持、自我效能感正相关(P < 0.01), 社会支持与自我效能感正相关(P < 0.01)。回归分析结果表明心理弹性可独立预测疲劳水平(P < 0.001),同时社会支持和自我效能感对疲劳的回归显著(P < 0.001),三者可解释疲劳46.6%的方差变异。结构方程模型结果表明社会支持、自我效能感在心理弹性与疲劳之间的中介作用显著(P = 0.026,P < 0.001, 95%置信区间都不包含0),同时,两者的链式中介在心理弹性与疲劳的也存在显著中介作用(P < 0.001, 95%置信区间都不包含0)。结论 加强军人心理弹性水平训练,增强军人社会支持水平,提高军人自我效能感对军人增强疲劳应对能力,降低疲劳反应,提高作业效能具有重要意义。     

儿科临床研究协调员职业培训现状的调查与需求分析

目的 了解儿科临床研究协调员（clinical research coordinator,CRC）职业培训现状,探讨儿科CRC基地化培训建设,以促进儿科CRC的能力提升。方法 采用匿名问卷调研法,于2023年7月25日至10月16日期间,通过问卷星向调查对象发放自行设计的问卷,以进行儿科CRC职业培训及基地化培训需求相关情况的调查分析。采用Excel对数据进行整理。计数资料以例数或者率表示。结果 回收有效问卷328份。调查结果显示,认为当前CRC培训充分且可以满足实际工作需求的仅为7.62%（25人）,另有4.88%（16人）的人认为没有CRC培训,46.34%（152人）的人认为培训不足以支撑实际工作的要求。87.50%（287人）的人认为CRC需要持续的培训。46.95%（154人）的人选择了有经验的CRC是较为合适的带教人员之一,但是需要3年及以上CRC工作经验。46.95%（154人）选择了CRC合适的培训时长为3个月。培训方式的选择从高到低为：有经验的CRC带教实习（90.85%,298人）、实操技能手把手带教（88.41%,290人）、案例分析讨论（87.20%,286人）、流程模拟（83.23%,273人）、授课（76.52%,251人）。培训后考核方式的选择从高到低为：案例分析（76.52%,251人）、操作模拟（74.09%,243人）、流程模拟（73.17%,240人）、笔试（66.16%,217人）、面试（63.72%,209人）。结论 目前,儿科CRC的培训还不足以满足实际工作需求,急需制定一个符合工作需要的CRC培训体系并进行推广实践,从基础上促进中国儿科临床研究健康生态的构建。     

持续性正加速度致意识丧失的机理及其监测

正在加速度引起的意识丧失（Ｇ－ＬＯＣ）是当胶威胁飞行安全的主要因素。综述了Ｇ＿ＬＯＣ的机理及其生理监测,慢增长率正加速度导致的意识丧失的机理主要大脑缺血／缺氧;快增长率正加速度导致物意识丧失可能与颅内高应力有关,但缺直接的实验证据。用于Ｇ－ＬＯＣ监测的生理指标中,眼水平动脉血压、脑氧饱和度等可能具有重要作用。     

The Effects of 10 Weeks Military Training on Heel Ultrasound and Bone Turnover

To measure the physiological changes in bone in response to strenuous exercise we performed a prospective study of male army recruits over 10 weeks of basic training. Measurements performed at the start and completion of training consisted of ultrasound (US) measurements of the heel: velocity of sound (VOS in m/seconds) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA in dB/MHz) and bone turnover markers; osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Forty subjects were recruited for the study and 26 completed training. Over the 10-week study period there was a significant 1.7% fall in mean VOS [mean paired difference (mpd) 27.2 m/second, SEM 9.5 (95% CI 7.5–46.8) P= 0.009] and a nonsignificant 3.4% increase in BUA (P= 0.159). There were significant falls in markers of bone formation OC [11.6%, mpd 0.11 μg/liter (95% CI 0.07–0.14) P < 0.001] and BALP [13.3%, mpd 3.49 U/liter (CI 0.80–6.18) P= 0.013] and a nonsignificant 9.5% fall in TRAP a marker of bone resorption. The 10 recruits subsequently injured had a significantly lower VOS on entry [mean difference 24.2 m/seconds (95% CI 4.6–43.7) P= 0.017] and nonsignificantly raised BUA and baseline levels of all bone markers. The ultrasound changes may be accounted for by increase in trabecular separation and a fall in trabecular connectivity due to microfracture. The decrease in bone markers implies a fall in bone turnover. Received: 26 June 1997 / Accepted: 26 August 1998     

40所军队医院病种病例分型质量评价结果分析

应用病例分型质量费用监控管理软件和ＳＡＳ６．１２统计软件包,对４０所军队医院５０万份病例样本资料进行深入分析,结果显示：病例分型组合数据稳定,分析结果合理。     

浙江省农村卫生技术人员岗位培训需求调查

[目的]了解农村基层卫生工作人员的基本状况,分析其知识结构,掌握农村卫技人员对岗位培训的需求,为有关部门制订农村卫技人员的培训政策与计划提供参考。[方法]随机调查浙江省农村基层卫技人员,采用Access建立数据库、SPSS10.0进行统计处理。[结果]农村卫技人员中本科学历仅占2.8%,大专学历占28.8%,中专学历占43.4%,其余为无正规学历者;职称结构中,主治及以上占11.8%,医师占29.6%,医士占37.0%,其余为卫生员和无职称人员;83.9%的人在从医后参加过1年以上专业培训;86%的人愿意参加继续医学教育。[结论]浙江省农村卫技人员学历低,工作年限长,知识老化,期望得到继续医学教育以取得更高学历,更新医学知识,提高实际业务水平。     

Online-Kurs Notfallmedizin Kurrikulare Integration von Computer-based Training

Emergency medicine is characterized by rapid decision making to help patients in life-threatening situations. Teaching these skills requires a high level of interaction between medical students and the lecturer. We designed, implemented, and evaluated a generic computer-based training (CBT) system to provide a more active way of learning emergency medicine. The content of the training program is adapted to the knowledge of third year medical students and is focused on basic skills and real-world problems. The teacher presents the case with authentic video sequences and slides. The cases are classified into four groups: heart (e.g., myocardial infarction), respiration (e.g., asthma bronchiale), trauma (e.g., car accident), and loss of consciousness (e.g., coma). Within a realistic time frame, the students have to answer free text and multiple choice questions on a work-station. All answers given by the students are processed anonymously by the CBT system via a central server and displayed on a large video screen, thus enabling a detailed discussion without intimidation of individual students. This interactive technique allows for immediate feedback from the lecturer based on the specific knowledge of his group and his own experience. The IT concept, which is scalable to many subjects, is based on state of the art internet technology and therefore suitable for teleteaching. A major design objective for the program was a self-explaining and robust user interface. The system has been in routine use since 1998. We designed an evaluation form consisting of 21 items focused on subjective rating of learning success, acceptance of CBT, and technical feasibility. We analyzed forms from 138 students and found high scores for acceptance and learning success (median 5 on a 6-point scale). user problems with the program were denied (median 1 on a 6-point scale). Computer-based training with Internet technology can provide a successful method for interactive teaching of emergency medicine and is well accepted by students.     

临床医学成教专升本生理学教学的探索

在临床医学成教专升本生理学教学中,开展系列生理学专题讲座及学生读书报告会的教学改革,有效地调动了学生的学习主动性,促进了学生能力的培养和综合素质的提高.     

结构方程模型及其应用

目的探讨结构方程模型方法,并运用该方法分析医学领域培训效果的影响因素.方法应用结构方程模型对培训效果领域的数据进行拟合,建立相应的测量模型与结构模型,通过参数估计揭示出变量之间的关系;而后进行参数的合理性检验与模型的显著性检验.结果采用结构方程模型方法,拟合了医学成人教育领域培训效果的数据.结构模型决定系数为0.60,意味着结构模型解释了因变量变异的60%.拟合优度指数GFI=0.909,调整的拟合优度指数AGFI=0.891以及其他指标,表明运用结构方程模型,较好地拟合了数据,合理解释了影响培训效果的因素.结论模型提示,培训效果可以用工作技能、工作适应性的提高以及考核成绩来进行表述,而影响培训效果的因素则表现为行医资历、培训形式、专业与服务人口总量、培训需求和教育程度.