Association of TXNDC5 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to nonsegmental vitiligo in the Korean population

Background Vitiligo is a pigmentary skin disorder characterized by a chronic and progressive loss of melanocytes. Although the aetiology of vitiligo is currently unknown, several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of this disease, including autoimmune, neural, self‐destruction, oxidative stress, and genetic theories. Thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a newly identified member of the thioredoxin family. TXNDC5 has a protein disulphide isomerase‐like domain which plays an important role in protein folding and chaperone activity, against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by oxidative stress within the ER. Objectives To determine whether variation in the TXNDC5 gene contributes to the risk of developing nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) in the Korean population. Methods We conducted a case–control association study of 230 patients with NSV and 417 matched, unaffected controls. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TXNDC5 gene were selected for study. Results Of the selected SNPs, three exonic SNPs (rs1043784, rs7764128 and rs8643) were statistically associated with NSV. Among them, rs1043784 remained a statistically significant association following Bonferroni correction. These three SNPs were located within a block of linkage disequilibrium; the haplotypes AGG and GAA, consisting of rs1043784, rs7764128 and rs8643, demonstrated a significant association with NSV. Conclusions These results suggest that TXNDC5 gene polymorphisms are associated with the development of NSV in the Korean population.     

甘草锌、乌体林斯联合复方卡力孜然酊治疗儿童白癜风的疗效观察

目的探讨甘草锌、乌体林斯联合复方卡力孜然酊治疗儿童白癜风的临床疗效及安全性。方法治疗组60例,采用甘草锌口服,2次/d;乌体林斯肌肉注射,1次/周;复方卡力孜然酊外用,2次/d。对照组36例,采用复方卡力孜然酊外用,2次/d;丁酸氢化可的松软膏外用,2次/d。两组均3个月为1疗程,1疗程结束后判定疗效。结果治疗组有效率为78.33%,对照组为27.78%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),96例患者治疗期间均无严重的不良反应。结论甘草锌、乌体林斯联合复方卡力孜然酊治疗儿童白癜风安全,有效性高。     

加味愈白丸对实验性白癜风模型豚鼠的治疗作用

目的：研究加味愈白丸对实验性白癜风模型豚鼠的治疗作用,为临床用药提供依据。方法：采用氢醌脱色法制备实验性白癜风豚鼠模型,观察加味愈白丸低、中、高剂量组及阳性对照组对实验性白癜风模型豚鼠血液中酪氨酸酶、单胺氧化酶（MAO）、胆碱酯酶（CHE）和丙二醛（MDA）、免疫器官脏器系数、血液流变学各项指标以及皮肤黑色素的影响。结果：加味愈白丸能够使模型豚鼠血浆中酪氨酸酶含量明显增多,MAO值降低,CHE活力降低,MDA含量减少,免疫功能增强,血液粘稠度降低以及皮肤黑色素的生成增加。结论：加味愈白丸对实验性白癜风模型豚鼠有一定的治疗作用。     

In vitro research on vitiligo: strategies, principles, methodological options and common pitfalls

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to melanocyte loss in vitiligo is a mandatory step in improving the overall management of vitiligo patients. Until now, the study of vitiligo was characterised by a fragmented approach, and it is very hard to share and compare the data obtained by the different teams. The scenario mirrors the pathogenic puzzle, but it delays a true productive focus on the disease. The in vitro research is based on different models, ranging from monolayer cell culture of epidermal and dermal cells or 3D reconstructed skin to histological data, gene expression, computer simulation profile. For each model, several different (biochemical, phenotypic, immunological) aspects have been considered, increasing the mass of data difficult to be merged. Our purpose was to provide a practical synopsis of consolidated and advanced possibilities in the study of vitiligo, showing how data have been poorly shared until now. Following a short overview of the background of the disease, the approaches, ranging from basic cell biology to molecular and 'omics' studies, are summarised. New fluorescent probes and techniques open new possibilities for functional studies. Next, intracellular and superficial markers of the melanocytes, the main involved cells, are listed. Moving the focus from the epidermal level to the systemic and subcellular ones, this review aims to propose innovative multidisciplinary options for the vitiligo understanding. This paper focuses on the major practical and theoretical questions to be solved. It may be the basis for a more coordinated and productive approach to the biological question.     

Integrating lung ultrasound in the hemodynamic evaluation of acute circulatory failure (the fluid administration limited by lung sonography protocol)

In circulatory failure, fluid administration limited by lung sonography protocol uses lung ultrasound artifacts and makes sequential diagnosis of obstructive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and septic shock. Lung ultrasound is used along with simple cardiac and vena cava analysis. Whenever echocardiography cannot be performed, fluid administration limited by lung sonography protocol is favored because of its simplicity and could prove contributive. It is based on the presence (B profile) or the absence (A profile) of interstitial pulmonary edema. However, the latter does not represent actual alveolar edema, and transthoracic echocardiography is still used by intensivists as a pivotal hemodynamic measure. Tissue Doppler imaging facilitates the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures, whereas assessing right ventricular function is of prognostic value in states of shock due to massive pulmonary embolism and acute respiratory distress syndrome. In mechanically ventilated patients, poor acoustic windows are evident and performing transesophageal echocardiography may be necessary. Whenever noninvasive hemodynamic measures are inconclusive, in a deteriorating patient, a pulmonary artery catheter may be placed. Ultrasound is not a therapy but a guide for treatment, and physicians should aim to treat underlying pathologies. Despite its limitations, general chest ultrasound (lung and cardiac ultrasound) is a powerful diagnostic and monitoring tool reflecting an era of genuine “visual” medicine.     

The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions on quality of life for vitiligo patients: A systematic review

This paper reviews the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions on quality of life for adult patients with vitiligo. We systematically searched nine databases from 1990 to February 2010 and reviewed randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of current therapeutic interventions for vitiligo, including oral, topical, combination, camouflage, cognitive-behavioural therapy and grafting. Quality of life outcomes were collected. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for quality assessment. Nine studies were included for this review, and all treatments were found to improve quality of life for vitiligo patients. Disease-altering interventions were effective in improving quality of life. Lifestyle-altering interventions were found to be selectively effective for patients with more severe quality of life impairment. Current interventions for vitiligo are effective in improving quality of life either by enhancing physical appearance of the patient or by addressing the psychological distress directly. Less effectiveness was achieved for the functional and social dimensions, which are more dependent on social and cultural norms. This suggests that current interventions alone are inadequate to address the holistic quality of life challenges associated with vitiligo.     

Limited English proficiency as a barrier to mental health service use: A study of Latino and Asian immigrants with psychiatric disorders

Language barriers pose problems in mental health care for foreign-born individuals in the United States. Immigrants with psychiatric disorders may be at particular risk but are currently understudied. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on mental health service use among immigrant adults with psychiatric disorders. Drawn from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), Latino and Asian immigrant adults aged 18-86 with any instrument-determined mood, anxiety, and substance use disorder (n = 372) were included in the present analysis. Results from hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that having health insurance, poor self-rated mental health, and more psychiatric disorders were independently associated with higher probability of mental health service use in the Latino group. After controlling for all background characteristics and mental health need factors, LEP significantly decreased odds of mental health service use among Latino immigrants. None of the factors including LEP predicted mental health service use among Asian immigrants, who were also the least likely to access such services. LEP was a barrier to mental health service use among Latino immigrants with psychiatric disorders. This study suggests that future approaches to interventions might be well advised to include not only enhancing the availability of bilingual service providers and interpretation services but also increasing awareness of such options for at least Latino immigrants. In addition, further investigation is needed to identify factors that can enhance access to mental health care services among Asians.     

限制性液体复苏联合血必净对失血未控制性休克兔缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的研究限制性液体复苏联合血必净注射液对失血未控制性休克兔缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法建立失血未控制性休克兔模型(正常对照组不建立模型)。随机把32只新西兰兔分成四组(n=8),即:血必净注射液组(XBJ组),乳酸林格式液组(LRS组),正常对照组(NC组)和休克不复苏组(NRC组)。分别在限制复苏期和止血复苏期给予不同的干预,于休克模型制作成功后的0min、30min、90min、210min、390min各抽取0.5ml动脉血检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA),同时观察死亡率。结果 NRC组全部死亡,XBJ组、LRS组、NC组全部存活。XBJ组相对于LRS组SOD活性较高,MDA含量较低,结果有显著性差异。结论限制性液体复苏联合血必净注射液能够减轻休克兔的缺血再灌注损伤,有助于失血未控制性休克的早期液体复苏。     

Prevalence and pattern of hand soft-tissue changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims and objectives

Hand soft-tissue changes are well described in patients with T1DM, but not in T2DM patients. For this reason, this study aimed at examining the prevalence and pattern of hand soft-tissue changes in patients with T2DM.

Methods

A total of 206 consecutive patients with T2DM and 203 age-, gender- and occupation-matched healthy controls were examined by two individual observers, and then underwent the appropriate investigations.

Results

The 132 (64%) patients with T2DM included 187 hands compared with 96 (23.6%) healthy controls including 133 hands (P = 0.01 for both). Dupuytren's contracture (DC) (42 vs. 29.3%, respectively; P = 0.01), limited joint mobility (LJM) (39 vs. 28.5%, respectively; P = 0.01) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (5.3 vs. 1%, respectively; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in the controls, but not stenosing flexor tenosynovitis (FTS, ‘trigger finger’). Indeed, none of the patients or controls had FTS. In patients with T2DM, DC showed a radial shift, and was more horizontal and severe than in the controls. These hand soft-tissue changes correlated significantly with age (P = 0.0001), duration of diabetes (P = 0.001) and the presence of microangiopathy (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Hand changes are more prevalent and severe in patients with T2DM, and are correlated with age, duration of diabetes and microvascular complications.     

ZMIZ1区域单核苷酸多态性rs11593576与汉族人白癜风临床表型的相关性研究

目的 研究ZMIZ1基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP) rs11593576与汉族人白癜风临床表型(家族史、发病年龄、临床类型、伴发疾病)的相关性.方法 利用6 585例白癜风患者和8 178例对照的Illumina 610芯片基因分型数据,采用χ2检验比较SNP rs11593576等位基因和基因型在各表型分组间的分布频率...