以问题为基础的教学中学生学习技能障碍的分析研究

为研究从传统教学方式向以问题为基础的教学方式（PBL）转化过程中学生所遇到的学习障碍，以我系四年级本科生为调查对象，调查其在采用PBL学习《医学文献研究方法》时所遇到的学习困难，运用主成分分析法对这些困难进行分析，并提出今后的改进措施。     

The behavioral neurobiology of learning and memory: A conceptual reorientation

Research on the neurobiology of learning and memory has been guided by two major theories: (i) memory as a psychological process and (ii) memory as a change in synaptic neural connectivity. It is not widely recognised that not only are these theories different but, moreover, they are fundamentally incompatible. Confusion concerning basic concepts in the learning and memory field in mammals has lead to the creation of an extensive but often inconclusive experimental literature. However, one important conclusion suggested by recent work in this field is that experience-dependent changes in neural connectivity occur in many different brain systems. Particular brain structures, such as the hippocampus, do not play any uniquely important role in experience-dependent behavior. Research in learning and memory can be best pursued on the basis of biological studies of animal behavior and a cellular approach to brain function.     

Blood platelets in severely injured burned patients

Unbelievable decrease of blood-platelet in the severely burned patients during the treatment of skingrafting caused two patients to unexpected death. From the records of changes of platelet number, a certain ‘platelet curve’ was made. By observing the curve, our treatments of skingrafting were carried out during the stable period and from then on we had no death cases.     

Computation of Time-Constant Histograms from the Forced Expired Volume-Time Curves

An efficient BASIC program was established on Apple-Ⅱmicrocomputer with the CHESTAC-35F pulmonary function testing system tocalculate the time-constant histogram from the spirogram.By a set of analogousstudies,we confirmed that the recovered time-constant histogram was within onecompartment of the assumed one and that the root of mean square values of theresiduals between the experimental and model volume-time curves was 0.02.Infour healthy adult subjects,the mean value of time-constant histograms(TCx)hadthe variation coefficient 6.6％.The results show that our method is reliable andreproducible,and it can be used for clinical investigation.     

电针对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的：探讨电针对糖尿病所致学习记忆损害的防治作用。方法：采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射法制备糖尿病大鼠模型，观察电针6周后糖尿病大鼠血糖、体重的变化，并用Morris水迷宫法观察电针对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆的影响。结果：（1）治疗后电针组与模型组的体重均明显低于正常组，电针组体重明显高于模型组（P＜0．05）；（2）电针组治疗前后血糖差异非常显（P＜0．01），但仍然高于正常组（P＜0．01）；（3）模型组的逃避潜伏期较正常组明显延长，P＜0．01。电针组的逃避潜伏期较模型组明显缩短，P＜0．05，与正常组比较，其逃避潜伏期仍较长，但两之间差异无显性，P＞0．05。与正常组比较，模型组大鼠每天的逃避潜伏期均较正常组延长，差异有显意义，P＜0．05或P＜0．01。与模型组比较，电针组第1、2、4、5天的每天逃避潜伏期均较模型组明显缩短，P＜0．05或P＜0．01；电针组第3天的逃避潜伏期较模型组有所缩短，但差异无显意义，P＞0．05。与正常组比较，电针组大鼠每天逃避潜伏期均较正常组延长，但差异无显意义，P＞0．05。结论：（1）电针能够降低糖尿病大鼠血糖并增加其体重。（2）电针能够改善糖尿病大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠骨髓间质干细胞增殖的影响

[目的] 研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子( bFGF)对大鼠骨髓基质干细胞( MSC)增殖的影响.[方法] 用α- MEM冲洗骨髓腔,收集骨髓细胞悬液,接种在塑料培养瓶中,经体外扩增、纯化,观察其生长特性,用免疫组织化学 SABC法检测波形蛋白和纤粘连蛋白的表达,并研究不同浓度 bFGF对 MSC生长曲线和克隆形成率的影响.[结果] 原代培养时形成由基质干细胞组成的细胞集落,细胞集落 14 d时接近融合,传代后细胞体积变大,约 5～ 7 d传代 1次;免疫组化显示 MSC呈波形蛋白阳性,而纤粘连蛋白阴性.浓度 10 ng/mL和 20 ng/mL bFGF组的 MSC的细胞数和克隆形成率比 5 ng/mL bFGF组和对照组(无 bFGF)明显增加,具有高度显著性( P< 0.01).[结论] bFGF可明显促进 MSC的增殖.     

'What do you notice?' Using posters containing questions and general instructions to guide preschoolers' science and mathematics learning

To increase preschoolers' science and mathematics learning experiences both within and outside the classroom, we developed age-appropriate materials containing general questions and instructions that teachers and parents could use when interacting with their students and children. The questions and instructions were related to a specific science or mathematics skill (e.g., classifying), but were general enough so that they could be applied to a variety of situations. Observations of three classrooms and interviews with the classroom teachers and aides, and the parents of the children in the classrooms suggested that use of these materials was beneficial to the children, teachers, and parents, and resulted in increasing the amount of science and mathematics activities and discussions in two of the classrooms as well as outside the classrooms.     

口腔医学专业学生认知风格与口腔正畸学学习成绩关系的研究

目的提出对学习策略和教学方式的改进建议。方法测试口腔医学生的场依存/独立认知风格,并用统计学方法分析其与口腔正畸学学习成绩的关系。结果①场独立认知风格是口腔医学专业学生认知风格的主体;②不同性别口腔医学专业学生的场依存/独立认知风格无显著性差异;③学生场依存/独立认知风格与口腔正畸学理论考试成绩有负相关倾向,与口腔正畸学实习操作成绩有正相关倾向。结论学习策略和教学方式因受认知风格的影响而制约学生学习的效果。     

~(60)Co-γ射线照射后HeLa细胞存活曲线和数学模式

本文研究了~(60)Co-γ射线照射后HeLa细胞的存活曲线,比较了两种数学模式拟合的结果.拟合优度以对误差加权的残差平方和(Q)作为统计指标进行评价.结果表明模式的拟合度较模式为优.     

Estimating neuron dendritic length in 3D from total vertical projections and from vertical slices

The recently developed method of total vertical projections is illustrated to estimate the total dendritic length of a human Substantia Nigra neuron. Next, the length of the different orders of dendritic branches, and the mean segment length for each order - commonly regarded as important parameters in neuron physiology - are also estimated. Finally, it is shown how to estimate the mean dendritic length in a population of neurons from vertical slices of arbitrary and unknown thickness. Being unbiased and highly efficient, the proposed methods offer interesting alternatives to current procedures used for the metric analysis of neuron arborizations.