机器人辅助腹腔镜与开腹子宫肌瘤切除术比较的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析综合比较机器人辅助腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术(RALM)与开腹子宫肌瘤切除术(AM)的有效性和安全性。方法检索Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library Databases、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数字化期刊全文数据库和google学术,检索时限均从建库到2015年6月。由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的质量后,采用Review Manager 5.3和Stata 11.2进行统计分析并检验发表偏倚。对二分类变量计算其95%可信区间比值比(OR),连续性变量计算其95%可信区间加权均数差(WMD)。结果共纳入10项研究,1 368例研究对象接受了RALM或AM。相比AM,RALM的术中出血量(WMD=-79.51,95%CI-101.98~-57.04,P0.000 01)、输血量(OR=0.26,95%CI 0.14~0.51,P0.000 1)、并发症发生率(OR=0.56,95%CI 0.33~0.95,P=0.03)和住院时间(WMD=-1.80,95%CI-2.16~-1.43),P0.001)显著降低,最大肌瘤直径(WMD=-0.66,95%CI-2.43~1.10,P=0.46)差异无统计学意义,手术时间(WMD=79.60,95%CI 61.81~97.39,P0.000 01)延长。结论对于治疗子宫肌瘤的患者而言,RALM比AM更安全可靠。     

腹腔镜与开放手术治疗急性穿孔性阑尾炎的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗急性穿孔性阑尾炎的手术效果及临床价值。方法:回顾分析2010年9月至2015年9月收治的253例穿孔性阑尾炎患者的临床资料,其中115例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA),为LA组;138例行开腹阑尾切除术(open appendectomy,OA),为OA组,对比两组手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间、切口感染率、腹腔脓肿发生率。结果:两组均无围手术期死亡病例,均无粪漏发生。LA组较OA组手术时间短[(59.07±11.38)min vs.(79.24±13.84)min,P0.001];肠功能恢复快[(16.77±2.49)h vs.(23.72±3.69)h,P0.001];住院时间短[(5.78±0.98)d vs.(7.24±1.17)d,P0.001],切口感染发生率低(2/115 vs.15/138,P=0.004),术后腹腔脓肿发生率两组差异无统计学意义(6/115 vs.5/138,P=0.536)。结论:LA治疗急性穿孔性阑尾炎较传统手术方式具有明显优势,具有临床推广价值。     

腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术与开腹宫颈癌根治术对早期宫颈癌患者术后性生活质量的影响

目的 比较腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术与开腹宫颈癌根治术治疗早期宫颈癌的临床疗效和对性生活质量的影响.方法 选取安徽医科大学附属安庆医院近4年来实施广泛性全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术的宫颈癌患者40例,其中腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术(腹腔镜组)20例、开腹宫颈癌根治术(开腹组)20例.观察比较两组的住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间和术后并发症的情况,并于术后4个月、8个月、1年采用欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织(EORTC)针对宫颈癌患者建立的QLQ-CX 24评价量表随访调查患者的术后性生活质量.结果 腹腔镜手术与开腹手术相比,患者住院时间短[(13.40±1.88)比(16.05±2.82)d]、术中出血量少(100 mL比600 mL)、排气时间早[(56.90 ±6.37)比(63.90±10.83) h]、术后并发症少(P＜0.05),两组手术时间[(228.05 ±55.49)比(245.70±82.49) min]差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后3次随访,两组患者术后第4个月的随访性功能及阴道功能均降低,而腹腔镜组相对于开腹手术,性生活相关困扰少,性活跃度和愉悦感方面高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而术后8个月及1年腹腔镜组与开腹组相比,各个维度均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗早期宫颈癌相比,术后并发症少,病人恢复快,而在性生活质量方面,术后4个月内腹腔镜组高于开腹组,术后4个月后两组无差异无统计学意义,总体来说,两组宫颈癌患者术后1年内性生活质量与术前相比仍下降.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗门脉高压症的对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症的手术效果。 方法回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年12月因门脉高压、脾大、脾功能亢进及食管胃底静脉曲张行脾切除术联合贲门周围血管离断术的患者资料,其中腹腔镜下手术21例(腹腔镜组),开腹手术50例(开腹组)。应用GraphPad Prism 6.0软件对所有数据进行分析。术中、术后相关指标采用( ±s)表示,独立样本t检验;并发症发生率采用χ²检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组手术时间较长(P<0. 05),而术中出血量、切口长度、术后排气时间、镇痛药物使用次数、引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间、术后切口感染率均少于开腹组(P<0. 05);两组间的腹腔出血、腹、盆腔积液、肺部感染、胰瘘以及门静脉血栓形成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论腹腔镜手术治疗门脉高压症行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术具有手术创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复快、术后切口感染率低、住院时间短等优点,腹腔镜手术治疗门脉高压症是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜技术较开腹术治疗右半结肠癌的疗效比较及入路探讨

目的比较腹腔镜技术较开腹术治疗右半结肠癌的疗效及入路选择探讨。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2017年4月接受手术治疗的97例右半结肠癌患者资料,根据术式不同分为开腹组(32例,开腹手术)、传统组(35例,侧方入路的腹腔镜根治术)和SMA组(30例,动脉优先入路的腹腔镜根治术)。采用SPSS 23.0统计分析软件,围术期相关指标等计量资料以( ±s)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;并发症总发生率比较采用χ²检验;累积生存率比较应用Log-Rank检验,均采用双侧检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果与传统组和SMA组相比,开腹组手术时间较短,术后排气时间、住院时间较长,术中出血量较多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。传统组手术时间、术后排气时间、住院时间与SMA组比较,差异均不明显(P>0.05);SMA组淋巴结清扫数量、阳性淋巴结清扫数量比开腹组、传统组多,术中出血量比开腹组、传统组少(P<0.05)。术后并发症总发生率开腹组为28.1%,传统组为8.6%,SMA组为6.7%,三组比较开腹组>传统组>SMA组(P<0.05)。术后3年生存率开腹组为65.6%,传统组为65.7%,SMA组为70.0%,三组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论腹腔镜技术应用于治疗右半结肠癌可减少对机体的创伤,有利于术后恢复,同时以动脉优先入路可增加淋巴结清扫范围。     

三种术式治疗肝细胞癌的近期临床疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜切除术(LR)、开腹切除术(OR)与超声定位下的射频消融术(RFA)治疗肝细胞癌的近期临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2018年6月接受手术治疗的152例肝细胞癌患者的病例资料,71例患者纳入LR组,52例患者纳入OR组,29例患者纳入RFA组。采用SPSS 25.0软件分析数据,手术相关指标、VAS评分等计量资料以( ±s)描述,行f检验;近期疗效、并发症等计数资料行χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果三组患者术后3个月治疗总有效率比较,LR组(76.1%)>OR组(73.1%)>RFA组(72.4%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组手术时间、术中总出血量及住院时间相比,OR组>LR组>RFA组(P<0.05);术后24 h及1周后VAS评分比较,OR组>LR组>RFA组(P<0.05);OR组并发症总发生率(36.5%)>LR组(29.6%)>RFA组(6.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访3个月的复发率比较,OR组(7.7%)0.05)。 结论对分期早且肿瘤小的肝细胞癌患者分别采用LR术、OR术与RFA术治疗,患者近期疗效相当,但RFA术具有损伤小、术后恢复快等优点,可减轻患者术后疼痛程度,安全性更高。但对于瘤体较大且靠近重要血管胆管的肝细胞癌患者,还需进行个体化治疗。     

Closed incision negative pressure therapy: Results of recent trials and recommendations for clinical practice

BackgroundOpen abdominal surgery is associated with high rates of wound complications . Surgical site infection (SSI) is associated with prolonged length of stay, delayed treatment and high rates of readmission ^{(1, 3, 4)}. Negative pressure wound therapy over closed incisions (ciNPWT) is a novel approach to prevention of SSI. We reviewed the outcomes of studies comparing ciNPWT and standard therapy in open abdominal wounds to assess the efficacy of the current evidence base.AimTo assess the effect of negative pressure wound therapy used over closed incisions in open abdominal surgery.MethodsSearch of relevant terms was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane to identify studies published between Jan 2006–Feb 2019. Studies were chosen based on specific inclusion criteria. Articles were screened to assess demographics, study design and outcomes.ResultsSeven retrospective and six prospective randomised controlled trials were identified for inclusion, totalling 3048 participants. 967 received ciNPWT and 2081 received standard treatment. Studies assessed a mix of surgeries (colorectal n = 6, pancreaticoduodenectomy n = 1, gynaecologic n = 1, acute care surgery n = 1, mixed open n = 2). ciNPWT was statistically significant in reducing SSI in 9 of 13 studies.ConclusionciNPWT in open abdominal surgery has demonstrated promising results for reducing SSI rate in some trials however, patient selection remains unclear. Recent randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate benefit overall with use of ciNPWT in open abdominal surgery. Further multicentre prospective trials are needed for cost-benefit analysis and appropriate patient-selection.     

Transabdominal open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is associated with higher rates of late reintervention and readmission compared with the retroperitoneal approach

ObjectiveLimited data exist comparing the transabdominal and retroperitoneal approaches to open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, especially late mortality and laparotomy-related reinterventions and readmissions. Therefore, we compared long-term rates of mortality, reintervention, and readmission after open AAA repair through a transabdominal compared with a retroperitoneal approach.MethodsWe identified all patients in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) undergoing open AAA repair from 2003 to 2015. Patients with rupture or supraceliac clamp were excluded. We used the VQI linkage to Medicare to ascertain rates of long-term outcomes, including rates of AAA-related and laparotomy-related (ie, hernia, bowel obstruction) reinterventions and readmissions. We used multivariable Cox regression to account for differences in comorbidities, aneurysm details, and operative characteristics.ResultsWe identified 1282 patients in the VQI with linkage to Medicare data, 914 (71%) who underwent a transperitoneal approach and 368 (29%) who underwent a retroperitoneal approach. Patients who underwent a retroperitoneal approach were slightly more likely to have preoperative renal insufficiency but were otherwise similar in terms of demographics and comorbidities. They more often had a clamp above at least one renal artery (61% vs 36%; P < .001) and underwent concomitant renal revascularization (9.5% vs 4.3%; P < .001). Patients who underwent a transabdominal approach more often presented with symptoms (14% vs 9.0%; P < .01) and had a femoral distal anastomosis (15% vs 7.1%; P < .001). There was no difference in 5-year survival (62% vs 61%; log-rank, P = .51). However, patients who underwent a transabdominal approach experienced higher rates of repair-related reinterventions and readmissions (5-year: 42% vs 34%; log-rank, P < .01), even after adjustment for demographic and operative differences (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.9; P < .01).ConclusionsA transabdominal exposure for AAA repair is associated with higher rates of late reintervention and readmission than with the retroperitoneal approach, which should be considered when possible in operative decision-making.     

Comparação entre anestesia intravenosa e inalatória na náusea e vômito pós‐operatórios em laparotomia: estudo clínico randomizado

BackgroundPostoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a multifactorial surgical complication with an unclear underlying cause. Anesthetic methods, patients’ characteristics and the type of surgery are considered as factors affecting PONV. This study was designed to compare the effect of inhalational and intravenous anesthesia in abdominal surgery on the incidence and severity of PONV.MethodsA single‐blinded prospective randomized clinical trial on 105 patients aged 18 − 65 years was carried out. Patients were divided in two groups of Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) and Inhalational anesthesia. The incidence and severity of PONV were examined at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the surgery. The use of a rescue antiemetic was also evaluated.ResultsFifty point nine percent of the patients in the inhalation group and 17.3% of the patients in the intravenous group developed PONV (p < 0.001). The incidence of vomiting was reported in 11.3% of the Inhalational group and 3.8% of the TIVA group (p = 0.15), and 24.5% of patients in the Inhalation group and 9.6% of patients in the intravenous group needed an antiemetic medication (p = 0.043).ConclusionThe incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the need for administration of an antiemetic rescue drug, and the severity of nausea in patients were significantly lower in the TIVA group.     

阑尾穿孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术31例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗阑尾穿孔的临床疗效。方法 62例阑尾穿孔患者随机分为开腹组和腹腔镜组（各31例）,开腹组行开腹阑尾切除术,腹腔镜组行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,比较两组患者的住院时间、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率等。结果 腹腔镜组患者的住院时间、手术时间均明显比开腹组更短（P〈0.05）,术中出血量明显比开腹组更少（P〈0.05）,差异均有统计学意义;腹腔镜组的并发症发生率为6.5%（2/31）,开腹组为45.2%（14/31）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 采用腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗阑尾穿孔,能有效降低腹腔残余感染、肠粘连、切口感染等并发症发生率,减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间,是治疗阑尾穿孔的理想术式。