项目管理在降低呼吸重症监护室环境物品表面多重耐药菌检出率中的应用

目的:探讨项目管理在降低呼吸重症监护室(RICU)环境物品表面多重耐药菌检出率中的应用效果。方法:采用目的抽样方法,选取医院呼吸与危重症医学科RICU 17张编制床位、32处高频接触环境物品表面及42名工作人员为观察对象。2019年1月—2019年3月实施RICU常规管理,2019年4月—2019年6月实施项目管理。比较项目管理前后RICU各类别工作人员手卫生依从率、RICU环境物品表面清洁合格率及多重耐药菌检出率。结果:在项目管理后RICU各类别工作人员手卫生依从率均高于项目管理前(P<0.05);项目管理后RICU环境物品表面清洁合格率较项目管理前升高(P<0.05);项目管理后多重耐药菌(MDRO)病人床单位及病区办公区域环境物体表面的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)检出率均较项目管理前降低(P<0.05)。结论:项目管理可有效提高RICU各类别工作人员手卫生依从性及环境物品表面清洁合格率,降低RICU环境物品表面多重耐药菌检出率。     

Sexual Intercourse for Induction of Spontaneous Onset of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

IntroductionSexual intercourse during pregnancy is commonly believed to trigger the onset of contractions and, therefore, labor. However, in low-risk pregnancies, there is neither association with preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, or low birth weight, nor with spontaneous onset of labor at term.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of sexual intercourse for spontaneous onset of labor at term in singleton pregnancies.MethodsThe systematic search was conducted using electronic databases from inception of each database to June 2019. Review of articles also included the abstracts of all references retrieved from the search. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials comparing sexual intercourse in singleton low-risk pregnancies at term with controls (either reduced number of coitus or no coitus) for spontaneous onset of labor. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of spontaneous onset of labor. The summary measures were reported as summary relative risk with 95% CI using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsData extracted from 3 trials, including 1,483 women with singleton pregnancy at term and cephalic presentation, were analyzed. Women who were randomized in the sexual intercourse group had similar incidence of spontaneous onset of labor compared with control subjects (0.82% vs 0.80%; relative risk 1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.07).Clinical ImplicationSexual intercourse should not be restricted in low-risk term pregnancies. Further studies are needed to properly evaluate the impact of orgasm, penetration, condom use, frequency of intercourse and other factors on induction of labor at term.Strength & limitationsOur study has several strengths. The three included trials had low risk of allocation bias; intention-to-treat analysis was used; this is the first meta-analysis on this issue so far. Limitations mainly depend on the design of the included studies. Firstly, compliance to the protocol relied on self-reporting by patients; in addition, not all the features of sexual intercourse could be adequately assessed (orgasm, nipple stimulation, sexual positions, etc.).ConclusionIn women with singleton, cephalic, low-risk pregnancies, sexual intercourse at term does not significantly increase the incidence of spontaneous onset of labor.Carbone L, De Vivo V, Saccone G, et al. Sexual Intercourse for Induction of Spontaneous Onset of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Sex Med 2019;16:1787–1795.     

26所基层民营口腔诊所医务人员手卫生现况调查

 目的 调查十堰市区基层民营口腔诊所医务人员手卫生现况。方法 2019年9—11月采用便利抽样法对十堰市区民营口腔诊所医务人员手卫生现况进行隐蔽式调查,分析并比较不同岗位类别医务人员的手卫生依从率及正确率。结果 共调查民营口腔诊所26所,设有专用洗手设施的仅17所(占65.38%),配有快速手消毒剂的12所(46.15%)。隐蔽式观察102名医务人员,观察有效手卫生时机2 183次,医务人员实际执行572次,手卫生依从率26.20%,正确率25.52%(146次)。不同岗位类别医务人员的手卫生依从率、正确率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.001)。护士的手卫生依从率(30.80%)、正确率(31.85%)较其他岗位人员高。医务人员在接触患者体液后的依从率(76.24%)和正确率(40.26%)较其他手卫生时刻高,接触患者前后的手卫生依从率最低,仅为15.38%、24.72%。医务人员不同手卫生时刻的依从率、正确率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.001)。结论 基层民营口腔诊所医务人员手卫生依从率和正确率均较低,急需相关部门加强对基层民营口腔诊所的手卫生管理。     

持续质量改进在肿瘤专科医院手卫生管理中的应用

目的探讨肿瘤专科医院手卫生持续质量改进(CQI)的有效方法,不断提高手卫生管理质量,为持续规范手卫生的管理提供指引。方法手卫生监控与质量改进小组全面收集手卫生管理信息,找出薄弱环节,分析存在问题,制定持续质量改进方案并加予实施,并将实施CQI前(2013年3-5月)570名与实施CQI后(2013年6-8月)690名医务人员手卫生相关指标变化进行分析。结果比较CQI实施前、后的手卫生质量,医务人员手卫生知识知晓率从80.53%提高至97.97%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);接触患者前、进行清洁及无菌操作前、接触患者后、接触患者体液后、接触患者周围环境及物品后手卫生率分别从52.00%、61.00%、67.00%、92.00%、63.00%提高至82.00%、90.00%、93.00%、100.00%、91.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);洗手正确率从77.02%提高至97.39%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);手卫生合格率从90.00%提高至99.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);手术室医务人员洗手依从率与正确率均为100.00%。结论医务人员手卫生质量管理是预防医院感染的主要措施之一,实施手卫生持续质量改进,可有效提高医务人员手卫生意识及依从性,有助于持续提高手卫生管理质量。     

Retirement and health: Evidence from England

This paper utilizes census records, inpatient records, comprehensive surveys, and mortality records from England to trace out the effect of reaching retirement age on retirement status and health outcomes. Applying a regression discontinuity design leveraging the pension age, I find that retirement substantially improves well-being and reported health. I find no immediate effect of retirement on behavioral outcomes and no evidence of changes to cognitive ability, utilization, or mortality. While prior literature has considered the effects of retirement on specific outcomes, this paper systematically examines the full range of health-related outcomes with administrative and survey data in a unified context.     

珠三角某市托幼机构饮用水卫生状况分析与调查

目的 了解珠三角某市托幼机构饮用水卫生状况,保障学前儿童饮水安全。方法 以分层抽样的方法,在某市抽取一定数量的托幼机构为研究对象,包括幼儿园和托儿所,开展水质监测及现场调查。结果 抽检样品187份,样品合格率73.26%,检测指标2 747项次,项次合格率97.71%。样品合格率末梢水(96.08%)高于饮用净水(65.42%)及开水(62.07%),托儿所(92.31%)高于幼儿园(70.19%)。14项检测指标中12项均合格,其中铁、耗氧量在饮用净水含量最低,浑浊度、砷、氯化物在开水含量最低,主要不合格指标为细菌总数、pH。微生物指标中菌落总数合格率72.19%,总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群均未检出。卫生学调查符合率最低的指标为周围环境无污染源(22.95%)。结论 该市托幼机构水质整体情况良好,饮用净水、开水存在卫生问题,应加强其监督监测。