Fluorine‐18 labelling of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for PET imaging

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), a class of macromolecules constituted by the association of two single‐stranded ribonucleic acids of short sequences, have been labelled with the positron‐emitter fluorine‐18 (T_1/2: 109.8 min). The strategy involves (1) prosthetic conjugation of a single‐stranded oligonucleotide with [¹⁸F]FPyBrA (N‐[3‐(2‐[¹⁸F]fluoropyridin‐3‐yloxy)‐propyl]‐2‐bromoacetamide) followed by (2) formation of the target duplex by annealing with the complementary sequence, therefore, permitting parallel and combinatorial preparation of [¹⁸F]siRNAs. Pure fluorine‐18‐labelled siRNAs (0.55–1.11 GBq, specific activity: 74–148 GBq/µmol at EOB) could be obtained within 165 min starting from 37.0 GBq of starting [¹⁸F]fluoride (1.5–3.0%, non‐decay‐corrected isolated yields). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复方18甲短效口服避孕药的副作用与机体某些因素的关系

本文调查了1,286名服用复方18甲基炔诺酮的育龄妇女,对其出现的类早孕反应、经血量减少、白带增多、体重增加等8项副反应,从服药年限、职业、年龄和子女数四个不同方面进行分析,发现经血量减少、早孕反应服药3年以内比服药多于3年的发生率明显增高(P<0.01);农民比工人、干部经血量减少发生率高(P<0.01);工人比农民、干部早孕反应发生率高(P<0.01)。其他副反应不受影响。     

Modulation of the Interleukin 2 Receptor by Maternal and Cord Blood Serum

In this report, the potential inhibitive action, of maternal serum (retroplacental and peripheral), and cord blood serum on the expression of the I12r has been studied. Calf and male serum were used as a control. In order to have an optimal I12r expression, a previous PHA cellular stimulation was performed. the maternal serum's I12r inhibitive property was measured during and after the pregnant period. the presence of I12r on maternal lymphocytes, cord blood cells, and unrelated donor mononuclear cells has been investigated (after a PtfA stimulation assay). the down regulated Il2r expression of neoplastic cell line (Hut7g cell line) under the influence of maternal serum has been observed. the examination of the inhibitive action due to maternal serum has suggested that a factor included in the IgG fraction is mainly responsible for the down regulating property concerning the 112r expression. A possible mechanism for the action of this factor has been studied. Further experiments suggest that the addition of recombinant I12 during the action of low doses of maternal IqG allows a partial reexpression of the I12 receptor. However, at. physiological concentrations of IyC, thc Interleukin 2 receptor down regulation becomes Irreversible.     

基于DSl8820的婴儿保温箱测温系统研究

本文对婴儿保温箱的测温系统进行了改良，采用了一种新型数字式温度传感器DS18820，用DS18820和AT89S52单片机开发了一种自动温度测控系统，给出了DS18820与AT89S52的接线图。为婴儿保温箱的温度控制提供了良好的基准。降低了整个系统的功耗，简化了结构，使得性能更加稳定。     

心脏术后尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白和白细胞介素18与急性肾损伤的关系

目的 探讨接受体外循环心脏手术患者尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）和尿白细胞介素18（IL-18）与急性肾损伤（AKI）的关系。 方法 根据AKI的诊断标准，将33例体外循环心脏手术的患者分为AKI组及非AKI组，分别留取术前及术后不同时间点的血液和尿液标本，测定Scr、尿NGAL和IL-18水平。 结果 33例中有9例发生AKI，发生率为27.27%。AKI组Scr升高峰值出现在12～48 h内。与术前相比， AKI组术后2 h、4 h尿NGAL及IL-18水平升高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。与非AKI组比较，AKI组术后各时间点的尿NGAL水平、术后2 h及4 h的尿IL-18水平都较高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。经尿肌酐（Ucr）校正后，相应时间点的NGAL/Ucr和IL-18/Ucr差异仍有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。术后2 h尿NGAL和尿NGAL/Ucr的界定（cutoff） 值分别在250 µg/L和250 µg/mmol时；术后2 h尿IL-18和尿IL-18/Ucr的界定值分别在1800 ng/L和1800 ng/mmol时，体现出较好的敏感性和特异性。 AKI组术后12 h Scr水平与术后2 h尿NGAL水平呈正相关（r = 0.638，P < 0.05）。结论 体外循环下接受心脏手术的患者AKI发生率较高；术后2 h尿NGAL和NGAL/Ucr、术后2 h尿IL-18和尿IL-18/Ucr当达到一定界定值时，均可作为体外循环下心脏手术后AKI发生的早期诊断参考指标，其中术后2 h尿NGAL/Ucr为250 µg/mmol时更敏感。     

Caspase-1抑制剂对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肝IL-18表达的影响

目的 观察Caspase-1抑制剂对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肝组织及肝内IL-18表达的影响.方法 采用4%牛磺胆酸钠逆行注入胰胆管诱发SAP模型.SD大鼠42只,随机分为3组:对照组(HC组,n=6);SAP造模 生理盐水组(SAP-S组,n=18);SAP造模 Caspase-1抑制剂组(SAP-ICE-Ⅰ组,n=18).SAP-S组于造模后2h腹腔注射生理盐水1ml,12h后重复1次;SAP-ICE-Ⅰ组于造模后2h腹腔注射ICE抑制剂,12h后重复1次.HC组模拟胰胆管穿刺操作,但不注射药物.SAP-S组与SAP-ICE-Ⅰ组于造模后6、12、18h心脏穿刺抽血,测血清淀粉酶(AMY)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平,并测定腹水量,留取标本在光镜下观察胰腺及肝组织病理学改变,采用免疫组化方法 检测IL-18在肝脏中的表达和定位,并用Western blotting方法 检测肝内成熟IL-18蛋白的表达.结果 与HC组比较,SAP-S组与SAP-ICE-Ⅰ组血清AMY、ALT、AST水平明显升高,腹水量明显增多(P<0.01);与SAP-S组相比,SAP-ICE-Ⅰ各组血清AMY、血清ALT、AST水平和腹水量有显著下降(P<0.01).光镜下,SAP-S组胰腺和肝组织病理损害程度随时间明显加重,与SAP-S组相比,SAIXlCE-Ⅰ组对应时间点胰腺病变程度有所减轻,而肝组织损伤未见明显变化.免疫组化结果 显示,Kupffer细胞胞质中IL-18的表达在SAP-S组和SAP-ICE-Ⅰ组较HC组明显增多,而SAP-ICE-Ⅰ组较SAP-S组明显减少.Western blotting结果 显示,成熟的IL-18表达在SAP-S组各时间点明显升高,与HC组相比均具有显著性差异(P<0.01),SAP-ICE-Ⅰ组各时间点较SAP-S组显著减少(P<0.01),除6h组外均较HC组无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 Caspase-1抑制剂可以抑制成熟的IL-18蛋白的表达,可以有效改善SAP时受损的肝脏功能.     

人白细胞介素18cDNA编码区存在基因变异

目的：为了获得中国人白细胞介素１８ｃＤＮＡ。方法：采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法从中国人７种组织标本中获取ＩＬ－１８ｃＤＮＡ。结果：７种组织中有６种组织标本ＩＬ－１８ｃＤＮＡ序列与报道序列存在有意义突变。结论：ＩＬ－１８基因在人体多种组织表达，且存在多态性。     

Infection imaging using whole-body FDG-PET

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for the detection of soft tissue and bone infections. Forty-five PET examinations in 39 patients (26 male, 13 female, age range 27–86 years) with suspected infectious foci were examined with whole- or partial-body PET scans using FDG. Twenty-seven scans were done in patients with soft tissue and 18 in patients with bone infections. Corrected and uncorrected transaxial PET images were acquired. Seven hundred and twelve body regions in these 45 PET scans were evaluated. Pathological findings were graded using a confidence scale from A to E (A, definitive infection; E, no infection). Disease status was defined in all patients by culture, biopsy or surgery and clinical follow-up. In 45 PET scans there were 40 true-positive, four false-positive and one false-negative findings. Twelve foci suspected to be infectious in nature on the basis of other imaging examinations were identified as negative by PET, thus representing true-negative findings. Sensitivities for the patients with soft tissue (STI) and bone infections (BI) and for the pooled data were 96%, 100% and 98%, respectively. As the calculation of specificity is not straightforward, it was calculated on a per lesion as well as on a per body region basis to permit estimation of an upper and a lower limit. On a per lesion basis, specificities were 70% (STI), 83% (BI) and 75% for the pooled data and on a per body region basis (dividing the body into 22 regions) they were 99% (STI), 99% (BI) and 99% for the pooled data. One false-negative result was found in a patient with cholangitis. It is concluded that PET appears to be a highly sensitive method to detect infectious foci. Specificity is more difficult to estimate, but is probably in the range from 70% to above 90%. Received 22 November 1999 and in revised form 20 March 2000     

急性脑梗死患者血清白介素-6、白介素-18水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度关系的探讨

目的 探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清细胞因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-18(IL-18)水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 以64例ACI患者作为ACI组,30例健康体检者为正常对照组,利用放射免疫法(RIA)和酶联吸附法(ELISA)分别测定其血清IL-6和IL-18水平,分别测量其颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)值并分为IMT<1.0mm和IMT≥1.0mm两个亚组.结果 ACI组中IMT≥1.0mm者IL-6、IL-18含量与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与IMT<1.0mm者相比差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05).ACI组中IMT≥1.0mm者IMT与IL-18水平呈明显正相关(r=0.549,P=0.001),与IL-6水平无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论 ACI患者IMT增厚者血清IL-6、IL-18水平也升高.     

Effect of electro-acupuncture combined with early rehabilitation on motor function and expressions of CD11b/CD18 and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture combined with early rehabilitation on the motor function and expressions of the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD18 in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and monocytes and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods A total of 165 ACI patients were randomly divided into control group (group A, n=50), conventional rehabilitation group (group B, n=50) and comprehensive rehabilitation group (group C, n=65). The expressions of CD11b and CD18 in the PMN and monocytes and serum TNF-α levels were determined before and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the treatment. Thirty-two healthy subjects were also recruited as the normal control group (group N). The neurological function of the subjects was evaluated by modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia stroke scale (MESSS) and Fugi-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and their activity of daily living (ADL) was assessed using Barthel index (BI). Results The CD11b/CD18 expression in the PMN and MN and serum TNF-α level in groups A, B and C were significantly higher than those in group N before and 1 week after the treatment (P<0.05). CD11b/CD18 expression and serum TNF-α level were significantly lower in groups B and C than in the group A at 1 week after the treatment, and significantly lower in group C than in group B (P<0.05). At 2 weeks of treatment, CD11b/CD18 and TNF-α were significantly lower in groups B and C than in the group A, being the lowest in group C (P<0.05). The scores of mESSS in both groups B and C were lower than that in group A, and the scores were lower in group C than in group B. Group C showed higher FMA scores than group B, both having higher scores than group A. At 4 weeks of treatment, the mESSS scores were significantly lower, hut the FMA and ADL score significantly higher in groups B and C than in the control group (P<0.05), and the differences were more obvious in group C. Groups B and C had greater effective rate than group A (P<0.05), and the rate was the highest in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion Electro-acupuncture combined with early rehabilitation promotes the recovery of motor function in ACI patients probably by regulating the expressions of the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD18 on the PMN and monocytes and the serum levels of TNF-α.