Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from Garcinia gardneriana (HEGG) and some of its isolated biflavonoids were evaluated. The results showed that HEGG from the leaves, bark and seeds reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw inflammation, in addition to diminishing the myeloperoxidase activity in the stimulated tissues. The reduction of neutrophil infiltration by treatment with the HEGG from leaves was confirmed by histology. The leaf extract also reduced the paw oedema evoked by bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. However, it partially decreased substance P and compound 48/80-caused paw oedema, without any influence on the arachidonic acid-induced oedema. Both of the isolated compounds, fukugetin and GB-2a, prevented the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In conclusion, this study showed important anti-inflammatory effects of HEGG through its interaction with different intracellular signaling pathways, without interfering with the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. These characteristics, in addition to the wide distribution and culturing ease of the plant, confirm its popular use and highlight its promise in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.     

Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial

While Ayurvedic medicine has touted the cognitive enhancing effects of Bacopa monniera for centuries, there is a need for double-blind placebo-controlled investigations. One hundred and seven healthy participants were recruited for this double-blind placebo-controlled independent group design investigation. Sixty-two participants completed the study with 80% treatment compliance. Neuropsychological testing using the Cognitive Drug Research cognitive assessment system was conducted at baseline and after 90 days of treatment with a special extract of Bacopa monniera (2 x 150 mg KeenMind) or placebo. The Bacopa monniera product significantly improved performance on the 'Working Memory' factor, more specifically spatial working memory accuracy. The number of false-positives recorded in the Rapid visual information processing task was also reduced for the Bacopa monniera group following the treatment period. The current study provides support for the two other published studies reporting cognitive enhancing effects in healthy humans after a 90 day administration of the Bacopa monniera extract. Further studies are required to ascertain the effective dosage range, the time required to attain therapeutic levels and the effects over a longer term of administration.     

双切口双钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

2005年1月～2007年6月，我院采用经双切口双钢板手术内固定治疗复杂型胫骨平台骨折15例，取得较满意效果。 1材料与方法 1．1病例资料本组15例，男10例，女5例，年龄16～47岁。均为闭合性骨折。骨折按Schatzker分型：Ⅴ型10例，Ⅵ型5例。均采用双切口双钢板内固定术。10例行关节面下植骨，其中6例取自体髂骨，4例用自固化磷酸钙人工骨。     

手法复位石膏外固定治疗Barton骨折

Barton骨折是桡骨远端背侧、掌侧缘骨折,合并腕的半脱位,是一种较少见的关节内骨折。自1998年以来对21例Barton骨折患者采用闭合手法整复、石膏夹板外固定治疗,经随访观察,疗效满意。     

钢板结合异体骨板治疗股骨干内固定术后再骨折

目的：探讨钢板结合异体骨板治疗股骨干钢板内固定术后再骨折的疗效。方法：股骨干钢板内固定术后再骨折13例,其中男8例,女5例;年龄14～57岁,平均31.2岁。粉碎性骨折7例,斜形骨折4例,横形骨折2例。8孔股骨有限接触加压钢板5例,8孔上肢有限接触加压钢板2例,6孔股骨有限接触加压钢板2例,8孔兰氏钢板4例。钢板断裂均发生在骨折端邻近钉孔处。全部采用有限接触加压钢板（LC-DCP）加对侧异体脱蛋白骨板股骨双固定及自体髂骨移植术。结果：13例均获得随访,时间16～40个月,平均32个月,平均骨折愈合时间为9个月,均恢复下肢行走和负重的功能。术后1年膝关节功能按Merchan标准评定：优7例,良4例,可1例,差1例,优良率84.6%（11/13）。结论：自体髂骨植骨钢板结合骨板内固定治疗股骨干再骨折效果好,可以达到骨折牢固固定的目的。     

空心钉经皮微创内固定技术治疗骨盆环损伤的疗效评价

目的：评价经皮微创空心钉固定骨盆环损伤的安全性及可靠性。方法：对48例不稳定骨盆环损伤患者，分别行闭合复位、经皮微创空心钉内固定术。按Tile分型：B1型4例，B2．1型8例，B2．2型10例，B3型4例，C1型11例，C2型7例，C3型4例。39例前后环损伤均固定，4例仅固定前环损伤，5例仅固定后环损伤。以术前骨盆的三位x线片（前后位、入口位及出口位）及CT片判断骨盆的稳定性及移位情况，术后以x线片及CT片评估复位情况及螺钉位置准确性。结果：手术时间15～95min，平均55min。术中出血量15～150ml，平均60ml，术中及术后无输血。48例患者共植入空心钉157枚，每人2～8枚，平均3．3枚。术后行骨盆CT检查42例（共植入135枚空心钉），发现123枚空心钉位置准确，占91．11％；7枚空心钉因偏向或超长而侵入盆腔或髋臼（但均〈0．5em）；5枚位置偏差干扰骶管或骶孔，但均未引起任何症状。随访8～49个月，平均13个月，45例患者骨盆环移位复位满意，所有骨折均Ⅰ期愈合。40例恢复原工作，4例末次随访时尚处康复期，其余4例因坐骨神经损伤或下肢截肢而不再工作。参照Lindahl改良的骨盆损伤后功能评定标准，优35例，良10例，可3例，平均得分78.7分。结论：在对骨盆环及其毗邻血管神经的解剖结构熟练掌握的基础上，结合良好的透视引导，闭合复位经皮微创空心钉内固定治疗不稳定骨盆环损伤安全可行，疗效满意。     

切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端B、C型骨折

目的探讨切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端B、C型骨折临床疗效。方法对76例AO分型桡骨远端B、C型骨折患者分别予以掌侧或背侧入路,切开复位AOT形钢板或锁定加压接骨板(LCP)内固定治疗。结果76例随访6~28个月,骨折全部愈合。根据改良McBride评分标准,49例腕关节75°(背伸)~75°(掌屈),17例70°(背伸)~54°(掌屈),7例腕关节伸屈活动无疼痛,3例诉有轻微疼痛。无腕关节旋转活动受限,优良率92.1%。结论采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端B、C型骨折,能有效恢复桡骨远端的解剖结构,使腕关节功能达到较好恢复。     

AO支持钢板治疗股骨髁部C型骨折

目的探讨应用AO股骨髁支持钢板治疗C型髁部骨折的效果。方法采用AO股骨髁支持钢板治疗C型股骨髁部骨折65例。结果所有患者获得10—28个月（平均15个月）随访。采用Kolmert评定标准，优：C1型21例，C2型15例；良：C1型5例，C2型6例，C3型10例；可：C2型3例，C3型2例；差：C2型1例，C3型2例，优良率87．7％。结论髁支持钢板可单矢状面多层次螺钉固定，充分利用股骨髁的有效固定空间，易达到坚强固定，为术后早期功能锻炼提供保证。     

踝关节骨折并下胫腓联合分离的手术治疗

自1998年8月-2005年8月共收治踝关节骨折患者117例，其中合并下胫腓联合分离者39例，均采用手术治疗并取得了满意的疗效。 1临床资料 本组39例，男18例，女21例；年龄19—71岁，平均27．8岁；左侧22例，右侧17例；双踝骨折34例，合并后踝骨折5例。     

CDP-c、硫酸镁联用对大鼠短暂脑缺血的神经保护作用

目的 研究胞二磷胆碱（CDP-c）、硫酸镁联用对大鼠试验性短暂局灶脑缺血的神经保护作用.方法 用大脑中动脉栓塞（MCAO）法制作短暂性（90min）局部脑缺血模型,观察CDP-c、硫酸镁单用及不同剂量联用7d后,Caspase-3阳性细胞数、神经功能缺损及脑梗死体积的变化.结果 和对照组相比,CDP-c、硫酸镁单用及两药联用组脑梗死体积较小,Caspase-3表达细胞数较少,并有统计学意义.两药联用组脑梗死体积均比单用组小,Caspase-3表达细胞数亦较两药单用组少（P＜0.05）.两药联用组相比各项指标均无显著意义（P＞0.05）.结论 CDP-c和硫酸镁单用对试验性短暂脑缺血模型可能具有神经保护作用.CDP-c与硫酸镁合用对短暂性试验性局灶脑缺血的神经保护可能有协同作用,并且可以减少各药的用量.