寿光地区胚胎停育的环境影响因素分析

目的：研究寿光地区环境因素对患者胚胎停育的影响。方法150例胚胎停育患者及102例正常妊娠至晚孕的孕妇为对照组做比较,应用χ2检验进行分析。结果胚胎停育患者与对照组比较,既往有不良孕产史的产妇比率高,接触化工、农药、电磁产品等危险因素胚胎停育的发生次数差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）;主动接受优生知识比较差异未见统计学意义（ P>0.05）。结论化工、农药、电磁等有害环境接触是胚胎停育的危险因素,加强医院专业人员对产妇的健康教育对提高产妇的自我保护意识一定的预防作用。     

In vitro fertilisation in domestic mammals—a brief overview

Many factors influence the final oocyte maturation, fertilisation, and early embryo development, and there are both similarities and differences between species. When comparing the advancement of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), the development in the bovine species is not far behind the medical front, with around one million in vitro-produced bovine embryos each year. This rate of progress is not seen in the other domestic species. This review aims to give an overview of the development and specific difficulties of in vitro embryo production in various domestic animal species, with the main focus on cows, pigs, and cats. In production animals, the aim of ARTs is commonly to increase the genetic progress, not to treat reproductive failure. The ARTs are also used for preservation of genetic diversity for the future. However, specifically for oocyte maturation, fertilisation, and early embryonic development, domestic mammals such as the cow and pig can be used as models for humans. This is particularly attractive from an animal welfare point of view since bovine and porcine oocytes are available in large numbers from discarded slaughterhouse material, thereby decreasing the need for research animals. Both for researchers on the animal and human medical fronts, we aim for the development of in vitro production systems that will produce embryos and offspring that are no different from those conceived and developed in vivo. Species-comparative research and development can provide us with crucial knowledge to achieve this aim and hopefully help us avoid unnecessary problems in the future.     

不孕患者自身因素和胚胎形态学评价指标与囊胚形成关系的分析

目的探讨不孕患者自身因素以及体外培养Day3胚胎形态学指标与囊胚形成之间的相关性。方法将1894个体外受精-胚胎移植治疗周期的Day3移植后剩余的16191个胚胎进行囊胚培养至Da如,分析女方年龄、不孕因素、体外受精方式、DAY3胚胎卵裂球数目以及碎片程度与囊胚形成的关系。结果女方年龄≤30岁组、31-35岁组和≥36岁组之间的囊胚形成率分别为31．38％（2315／7376）、29．42％（1773／6025）和22．15％（618／2790）,并且组与组之间有统计学差异,P〈0．05;不明原因不孕组的囊胚形成率26．41％（904／3423）低于排卵障碍组29．84％（588／1970）、盆腔输卵管组29．28％（2124／7255）、子宫内膜异位组30．26％（361／1193）和男方因素组3l-02％（729／2350）,且P〈0．05;常规体外受精组的囊胚形成率29．25％（3234／11055）与卵胞浆单精子注射组27．69％（1472／5136）无统计学差异;DAY3卵裂球数目≥7个组、5—6个组和≤4个组的囊胚形成率分别为47．78％（1035／2166）、31．53％（2079／6594）和21．42％（1592／7431）,并且组与组之间有统计学差异,P〈0．05;DAY3碎片程度≤10％组、11—30％组和≥31％组的囊胚形成率分别为33．54％（2719／8106）、25．99％（1951／7507）和6．23％（36／578）,并且组与组之间有统计学差异,P〈0．05。结论女方年龄、不明原因不孕以及Day3胚胎形态学指标卵裂球数目和碎片程度都是影响囊胚形成的重要因素。在保证囊胚体外培养条件的基础上,综合评价患者自身条件以及胚胎发育情况,可以为临床合理运用囊胚培养方案提供依据。     

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in the Follicular Fluid of the Preovulatory Follicle: A Predictor for Oocyte Fertilization and Quality of Embryo

This prospective study investigated the relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level in the follicular fluid (FF) and the quality of the oocyte and embryo. A total of 65 FF samples from 54 women were included in this study. FF was collected from the largest preovulatory follicle sized≥20 mm of mean diameter from each ovary. Samples were divided into 3 groups according to the FF AMH levels: below the 33th percentile (low group, FF AMH<2.1 ng/mL, n=21), between the 33th and the 67th percentile (intermediate group, FF AMH=2.1-3.6 ng/mL, n=22), and above the 67th percentile (high group, FF AMH>3.6 ng/mL, n=22). The quality of the ensuing oocytes and embryos was evaluated by fertilization rate and embryo score. FF AMH levels correlated positively with the matched embryo score on day 3 after fertilization (r=0.331, P=0.015). The normal fertilization rate was significantly lower in the low group than in the intermediate group (61.9% vs. 95.5% vs. 77.3%, respectively, P=0.028). Our results suggest that the FF AMH level could be a predictor of the ensuing oocyte and embryo quality.

Graphical Abstract

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常规体外受精后多精受精发生对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨常规体外受精(IVF)后多精受精发生对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2012年12月在我中心行常规IVF助孕治疗的511个周期,根据受精情况有无3PN合子发生,将周期分为两组,A组:多精受精组(至少1个以上的3PN发生),B组:无多精受精组(无3PN发生),比较两组的临床及实验室资料。结果 A组人绒膜促性腺激素(HCG)日雌二醇(E_2)水平、获卵数、成熟卵率、2PN率、受精率、D_3优质胚胎率、可供移植胚胎率、种植率及临床妊娠率均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IVF后多精受精的发生对胚胎种植率以及临床妊娠率没有显著影响,可能预示较好的IVF妊娠结局。     

胚胎移植术后17例宫内外同时妊娠分析及文献复习

目的探讨胚胎移植术后宫内外同时妊娠的发生率、影响因素、诊断和治疗,以加强临床医生对宫内外复合妊娠的认识。方法回顾性分析我中心2011年1月1日至2014年12月31日胚胎移植术后发生宫内外同时妊娠的17例病例的临床资料。结果我中心2011年1月至2014年12月31日试管婴儿助孕中宫内外同时妊娠发生率为0.26%(17/6 623),全部17例宫内外同时妊娠均由阴道超声确诊。其中腹腔镜手术切除妊娠侧输卵管14例,腹腔镜下妊娠侧宫角楔形切除1例,经阴道穿刺减胎手术1例,宫内胎儿均存活;保守治疗1例,宫内胚胎停育。结论经阴道超声早期诊断、动态监测是提高宫内外同时妊娠诊断率的可行方法,腹腔镜手术是治疗宫内外同时妊娠的有效方法。     

Expression of the Ku70 subunit (XRCC6) and protection from low dose ionizing radiation during zebrafish embryogenesis

The Ku70 protein, a product of the XRCC6 gene, is a component of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair, which protects cells from the effects of radiation-induced DNA damage. Although the spatial expression of Ku70 during vertebrate embryogenesis has not been described, DNA repair proteins are generally considered to be "housekeeping" genes, which are required for radioprotection in all cells. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the zebrafish Ku70 ortholog. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR analyses demonstrate that Ku70 mRNA is maternally provided and expressed uniformly among embryonic blastomeres. Later during embryogenesis, zygotically transcribed Ku70 mRNA specifically accumulates in neural tissue, including the retina and proliferative regions of the developing brain. In the absence of genotoxic stress, morpholino-mediated knockdown of Ku70 expression does not affect zebrafish embryogenesis. However, exposure of Ku70 morpholino-injected embryos to low doses of ionizing radiation leads to marked cell death throughout the developing brain, spinal cord, and tail. These results suggest that Ku70 protein plays a crucial role in protecting the developing nervous system from radiation-induced DNA damage during embryogenesis.     

低氧培养环境对高龄患者体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的：探讨低氧（5% O2）培养环境对高龄（≥38岁）患者体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）临床结局的影响。方法：回顾性分析2015年9月1日-2017年6月1日在广东省韶关市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心生殖医学中心采用常规长方案或拮抗剂方案行IVF治疗并于受精后第3天移植的高龄患者（≥38岁）的283个周期,按其培养环境不同分为低氧组（5% O2,共120个周期）和常氧组（20% O2,共163个周期）,比较2组间的正常受精率、卵裂率、可用胚胎率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率及早期流产率等。结果：2组的正常受精率、卵裂率、可用胚胎率、生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率、种植率、早期流产率及活产率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,但低氧组的优质胚胎率显著高于常氧组（P＜0.05）。结论：低氧培养环境可有效提高高龄患者优质胚胎率,但并不能改善高龄患者的IVF-ET结局。     

枸橼酸西地那非对宫腔粘连术后冻融胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的：观察枸橼酸西地那非（万艾可）对宫腔粘连（intrauterine adhesion,IUA）分离术后冻融胚胎移植（frozen embryo transfer,FET）患者妊娠结局的影响。方法：选择2017年1-12月在南京医科大学附属妇产医院行FET的不孕症患者,在进入FET周期前宫腔镜检查确诊IUA,行宫腔镜下IUA分离术,术后复查宫腔镜显示宫腔形态正常行FET,共310例。根据患者是否添加枸橼酸西地那非将患者分为2组,其中A组（对照组）实施激素替代周期FET,共190例;B组（治疗组）为激素替代周期并在患者月经干净后每日阴道给予枸橼酸西地那非50 mg,应用至移植前,共120例。首先比较2组患者的妊娠结局,其次将A组及B组患者进一步分为轻度IUA组和中重度IUA组,比较2组之间的差异。结果：B组临床妊娠率［50.83%（61/120）］高于A组［34.74%（66/190）］,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组胚胎种植率［31.17%（72/231）］略高于A组［21.82%（79/362）］,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。与A组相比,B组轻度IUA患者的临床妊娠率与胚胎种植率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;B组中重度IUA患者的临床妊娠率［44.78%（30/67）］及胚胎种植率［28.46%（37/130）］均高于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组间流产率和异位妊娠率比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：应用枸橼酸西地那非可提高IUA术后患者子宫内膜容受性,尤其对中重度IUA术后患者可显著提高其FET妊娠率。     

生物钟基因Bmal1对早期自然流产的影响

Bmal1（Brain and muscle arnt-like 1）作为生物钟基因的核心基因之一,在女性生殖系统中均有表达,其昼夜节律性表达参与了发情周期的产生、排卵、着床及妊娠的维持。Bmal1表达改变与流产的发生有关联,可通过多种机制引起妊娠丢失,其表达下调可通过SP1-DNMT1/DAB2IP途径引起基质金属蛋白酶2/9表达降低,从而抑制滋养细胞迁移和侵袭;Bmal1基因缺失干扰了卵巢颗粒细胞类固醇合成相关基因的转录和翻译,从而影响妊娠相关激素的分泌,并通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路促进颗粒细胞凋亡;Bmal1表达下降可引起卵巢和输卵管中活性氧增加从而降低卵母细胞受精、早期胚胎发育和着床潜能,最终导致胚胎丢失。本文就生物钟基因Bmal1对早期自然流产的影响进行综述。