ENDOSCOPIC MICROVASCULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE GASTRIC MUCOSA ON NARROW BAND IMAGING

Background: We evaluated the endoscopic microvascular architecture of the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension patients using the prototype of narrow band imaging (NBI). Material and Methods: The study included 103 Helicobacter pylori‐negative patients with chronic liver disease (22 without portal hypertension (group 1), 81 with portal hypertension (group 2)). Results: (i) Abnormality of collecting venules, reddening mucosa, red spots, a mosaic‐like pattern, and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) were observed on the gastric mucosa, and an obscure change in collecting venules (73% vs 14%; P < 0.001), reddening mucosa (49% vs 5%; P < 0.001), red spots (36% vs 5%; P < 0.01) and a mosaic‐like pattern (40% vs 5%; P < 0.01) were more frequently observed in group 2 than in group 1. (ii) On magnifying endoscopy with NBI, the mucosa with an obscure change in collecting venules was demonstrated as dilation of the capillaries surrounding the gastric pits in various degrees, and reddening mucosa was observed as extended and swollen gastric pits and various degrees of dilated and convoluted capillaries surrounding the gastric pits. Red spots were demonstrated as extended and swollen gastric pits, dilated and convoluted capillaries surrounding the gastric pits, and intramucosal hemorrhage around these capillaries. GAVE was recognized as partial and marked dilatation of the capillaries surrounding the gastric pits. Conclusion: Abnormality of collecting venules, swelling of gastric pits, dilatation of capillaries surrounding the gastric pits, intramucosal hemorrhage around capillaries, and partial and marked dilatation of the capillaries were observed on the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension patients.     

激光上皮下角膜磨镶术后角膜上皮瓣临床观察

目的 观察及探讨准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术(Laser subepithel ialkeratomileusis，LASEK)后，角膜上皮瓣的成活率及其影响因素。方法 对行LASEK治疗的42例(80眼)于术后1、2、3天，1、2、3、4周在裂隙灯显微镜下进行角膜上皮瓣的观察。结果 34例(68眼)，角膜上皮瓣成活，成活占85％(68／80)；未成活8例(12眼)，未成活占15％(12／80)。结论 LASEK术后角膜上皮瓣成活率的高低，决定着LASEK的临床疗效，影响其成活的因素是多方面的。其中角膜上皮瓣边缘不整齐、破裂、对位不良、操作时间过长可能是其主要原因。     

481例住院角膜病统计分析

本文统计分析１９８５－１９９０年间我院眼科４８１例（５６９只眼）住院角膜病患者的病种分布和致盲原因。调查结果表明，发病性别男多于女（２：１），发病年龄以２１－５０岁为多，５３．６％，最常见及致盲率高的为角膜炎症和外伤，其中病毒性角膜炎最多（３３．９％），细菌性角膜溃疡致盲率最高（４２．２％），角膜外伤居第二。分析表明，今后工作的重点是预防和治疗角膜炎症和外伤。     

闭合式小切口手法碎核折叠式人工晶体植入联合穿透性角膜移植术

目的探讨利用小切口手法碎核技术,选择性地对同时患有角膜病变和白内障的病例施行闭合式白内障摘除人工晶体植入联合穿透性角膜移植（三联术）的临床效果。方法选择2001年1月至2005年12月在本中心就诊的12例（13只眼）同时患有角膜病变和白内障的病人,在局麻下先施行3mm弦长、180度圆弧的巩膜隧道切口,手法碎核（三切核）、植入6.5mm直径的折叠式人工晶体后,用负压环钻切除病变角膜组织,立即用连续缝合法将植片缝于植床。术后常规全身应用抗生素和皮质激素,局部滴用免疫抑制剂（环孢霉素A）滴眼剂2～6个月;最后随访时间为2～72个月,平均22个月。结果本组12例（13只眼）无一例在术中发生并发症。术后1例发生浅前房,3d后前房恢复正常,但虹膜周边局部前粘;出院时,眼压均在正常范围。1例在术后5个月时发生植片自溶,再次行角膜移植,半年后植片血管化,放弃治疗。3例术后1年发生免疫排斥反应;经再次局部应用免疫抑制剂2～3个月后角膜恢复透明。最后随访时,9例植片透明,3例在植缘有少量新生血管;瞳孔均居中,基本为圆形;人工晶体位置不偏,后囊明显混浊1例,施行YAG激光后囊膜切开。无一例发现囊口收缩或明显的囊口纤维化。最后随访时矫正视力0.04～0.8,平均0.4。结论选择性地对同时患有角膜病变和白内障的病人采用闭合式小切口手法碎核三联术,术式简化、术时短;术中并发症少、风险小、安全;可以尽早地恢复病眼的视力。     

大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗角膜移植术后排斥反应的临床疗效观察

目的观察大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗角膜移植术后排斥反应的临床疗效。方法选择角膜移植术后排斥反应病例9例(9只眼),采用大剂量甲基强的松龙500mg冲击治疗1d,而后予以维持量糖皮质激素方法治疗,并随访观察1年。结果7例治愈,随访1年中角膜植片均保持透明;2例好转,随访1年中移植片基本透明,但仍有轻度水肿。结论大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗角膜移植术后排斥反应疗效满意。     

纤维结合素角膜上皮愈合作用的研究

人血浆纤维结合素对家兔刮除和板层切除后的角膜上皮愈合均有一定促进作用，角膜上皮裸区明显缩小，优于对照眼。临床治疗５类角膜上皮障碍５９例６１眼，均获得显著疗效。     

环孢霉素A滴眼治疗角膜移植排斥反应

应用0.5％环孢霉素A(cyclosporin A,CsA)滴眼治疗穿透性角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥患者16例(16只眼),治愈9只眼,好转6只眼,无效1只眼。随访5～24个月,其中2只眼因停药复发,1只眼于拆线后复发,继续用药或增加给药次数后治愈。研究表明0.5％CsA滴眼剂治疗术前移植床条件较好,角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的病例可得到良好疗效;而对术前移植床条件较差,角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的病例有一定的疗效。作者对眼局部应用CsA治疗角膜移植排斥的疗效和作用机理进行了讨论。     

2000只近视眼角膜表面形态及屈光参数的检测分析

目的 :探讨近视眼的角膜表面形态及屈光参数的变化规律。方法 :用电脑验光仪及计算机辅助的角膜地形图仪为 2 0 0 0只近视眼 (分为低度、中度、高度、超高度 4组 )行验光及角膜摄像分析。以 2 82只正视眼作对照组。结果 :低度、中度、高度及超高度组角膜表面形态近圆形 (圆形及椭圆形 )分别为 2 8.39% ,2 7.73% ,2 8.0 4 % ,2 0 .0 8% ,低于正视组的 4 1.6 8% (P<0 .0 5 ) ;领结形 (对称及非对称领结形 )分别为6 5 .5 1% ,6 5 .91% ,6 4.87% ,72 .32 % ,高于正视组的 5 2 .0 7% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;角膜表面规则指数 (SRI)明显高于正视组 ;角膜表面不规则指数 (SAI)与正视组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;平均角膜屈光度 (ACP)和散光度(CYL)显著大于正视组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :近视眼角膜表面形态及屈光参数较正视眼有明显变化。LASIK术前详细分析角膜地形图为设计个性化手术方案及预测疗效提供了重要依据。     

翼状胬肉术后的角膜地形图改变

目的 评价翼状胬肉术前术后的角膜屈光状态及其与术前胬肉大小的关系，探讨胬肉手术的时机与必要性。方法 对29例(32只眼)翼状胬肉患者进行胬肉侵入角膜的长度测量，并于术前术后行角膜地形图检测，以资对比。结果 32只眼均有程度不同的顺规散光，其大小与翼状胬肉侵入角膜的长度有关。手术显著降低了角膜散光，提高了角膜平均屈光力。手术导致的角膜散光变化、角膜平均屈光力变化和术前胬肉大小显著相关。结论 翼状胬肉的生长和手术切除对角膜的屈光状况有显著影响，胬肉越大，这种影响就越大。当胬肉较大时，角膜地形图的改变可能包括一部分假象。     

Frontal versus transcorneal stimulation to induce maximal electroshock seizures or kindling in mice and rats

Frontal stimulation, i.e. electrical stimulation where electrodes are pressed on the skin of the intact frontal skull of mice or rats, may represent a more humane alternative to the widely used transcorneal stimulation to induce electroshock seizures. The aim of this work was to directly compare transcorneal and frontal stimulation in eliciting maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) in mice and the anticonvulsant effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin (PHT) on thus produced seizures. In addition, we stimulated mice and rats repeatedly via transcorneal and frontal electrodes to see whether kindling is produced by this procedure. Two electroshock tests were used in mice, i.e. maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test and MES generated by supramaximal stimulation (50 mA). Frontal stimulation resulted in lower convulsive threshold than in the case of corneal stimulation. Both CBZ and PHT produced dose-dependent increases in seizure threshold for both sites of stimulation, i.e. transcorneal and frontal. As regards type of electrodes, higher doses of PHT were required to increase seizure threshold in the case of frontal than transcorneal stimulation. Supramaximal stimulation (50 mA) yielded comparable ED₅₀ values regardless of the site of stimulation. Furthermore, once-daily stimulation of mice, regardless of the placement of electrodes, did not induce any changes in convulsive threshold. We also attempted to kindle mice and rats via corneal and frontal electrodes by repetitive electrical stimulation using currents which initially did not produce generalized clonic seizures. Mice were stimulated once daily for 2 s with 3 mA (corneal electrodes) or 2 mA (frontal electrodes) and rats were stimulated twice daily for 4 s at 8 mA (corneal electrodes) or 5 mA (frontal electrodes). With corneal stimulation in rats there was a clear progression of kindling development which was not the same in nature when compared with corneally-stimulated mice. Frontal stimulation did not produce kindling. Moreover, corneal stimulation was better tolerated by rats, while in mice high mortality was seen after either method of current delivery. Our data indicate that frontal electrodes can be used as an alternative to transcorneal stimulation to produce MES by supramaximal or threshold current intensities as screening procedures in antiepileptic drug (AED) development. Nevertheless, this type of stimulation cannot be used to produce minimal electroshock seizures and seems not to be useful to produce kindling in rats and mice.