Simultaneous detection of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity and vasopressin mRNA in neurons of the human paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus

The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1 and ERK2), also referred to as the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p44/42 MAP kinase), plays an essential role in neuronal signal transduction, but its function involved in nociceptive response has not been deeply studied yet. Here we report immunohistochemical evidence that p44/42 MAPK might be critical in nociceptive response. We found that after formalin was injected into the perioral skin of the upper lip of mice, the number of activated p44/42 MAPK-like immunoreactive neurons was significantly increased in the laminae I and II of the caudal subnucleus of the trigeminal spinal nucleus (Sp5C). The positive neurons and fibers were mostly concentrated in the middle portion of Sp5C dorsoventrally, where the afferent fibers innervating the skin of the upper lip are terminated. The reactive products were localized in perikarya, dendrites, nuclei, and diffusely in the neuropil. The present result suggests that p44/42 MAPK may be important in the transmission and modulation of noxious information in Sp5C.     

Long-term effects on feeding and body weight after stimulation of forebrain or hindbrain CRH receptors with urocortin

Research on the contribution of CRH receptor stimulation to energy homeostasis has focused on forebrain substrates. In this study, we explored the effects of caudal brainstem administration of the CRH receptor agonist, urocortin, on food intake and body weight, and on plasma glucose and corticosterone (CORT) in non-deprived rats. Urocortin (0, 0.3, 1, 3 microg) delivered, respectively, to the fourth and lateral ventricles yielded substantial suppression of food intake measured 2, 4 and 24 h later. A significant but more modest anorexia was observed between 24 and 48 h after injection. Intake responses did not differ between the injection sites, but body weight loss measured 24 h after lateral-i.c.v. injection was substantially greater than that after fourth-i.c.v. injection. Fourth-i.c.v. urocortin administration (3 microg) produced substantial elevations in plasma glucose and CORT that were not distinguishable in magnitude and duration from responses to lateral-i.c.v. delivery. Unilateral microinjection of urocortin into the dorsal vagal complex significantly reduced 24-h food intake at a dose (0.1 microg) that was subthreshold for the response to ventricular administration, suggesting that fourth-i.c.v. effects are mediated in part by stimulation of CRH receptors in this region of the caudal brainstem. The results indicate that similar effects can be obtained from stimulation of anatomically disparate populations of CRH receptors, and that interactions between forebrain and hindbrain structures should be considered in the evaluation of CRH contributions to food intake and body weight control.     

_62;翟会侠000900

s, managements and outcomes of 20 complications are shown in table. Finally, by the means of aggressive endovascular and medical therapies, disable stroke and death within 30 days was 3.2% (5/155) and 1.3% (2/155), respectively. Conclusions Higher risk of procedure-related neurological complicati     

椎弓根内固定联合椎间融合器植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨联合应用椎弓根内固定和椎间融合器植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的方法和临床疗效。方法用后路减压、复位椎弓根内固定联合应用单枚斜向椎间融合器融合或单侧经椎间孔腰椎体间融合器融合治疗有症状的腰椎滑脱症。本组随访21例,时间6～24个月,平均14个月。结果滑脱椎体复位理想,8例Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位,13例Ⅱ度中有7例完全复位,6例仍有Ⅰ度滑脱。融合节段全部获得骨性融合。疗效评价:优14例,良5例,可2例;优良率94%。结论联合应用椎弓根内固定和椎间融合器植骨融合在治疗腰椎滑脱症起到协同作用,为神经减压后的脊柱提供理想的复位和固定的力量,利于植骨融合,临床疗效满意,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的一种理想方法。     

脊柱椎弓根螺钉入路及手术方法的临床应用

目的：探讨椎弓根螺钉最佳入路及手术步骤。方法：对104例胸腰椎骨折脱位患者，分两组采用不同方法、步骤钻入椎弓根螺钉，并对其进行疗效比较。结果：经过技术改进后的方法较传统方法对骨折脱位的复位效果无明显差异，而两者在X线曝光次数、手术时间、出血量及并发症等方面存在显著性差异。结论：技术改进后的椎弓根螺钉进钉方法简单、安全、创伤小、疗效优良。     

气相色谱法测定动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的研究

〔目的〕建立一种快速测定动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的方法。〔方法〕在超声振荡下用甲醇提取动物性食品试样中残留的二氯二甲吡啶酚 ,提取液通过氧化铝柱和阴离子交换柱进行净化 ,然后经乙酰化后 ,用气相色谱法测定。〔结果〕方法在 0 -2 .5 μg ml范围呈良好的线性关系 ,其相关系数为 0 .9992 ;方法最小检测量为 8.0× 10 - 3mg Kg ;方法的平均回收率大于 90 .0 % ,相对标准偏差为 4.2 %。〔结论〕该方法是一种快速、简便、灵敏度较高的检测动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的方法。     

静脉全麻复合骶管阻滞在婴幼儿先天性心脏病介人封堵治疗的研究

目的比较静脉全麻复合单次骶管阻滞麻醉与单纯静脉全麻用于婴幼儿先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗的效果。方法616例婴幼儿先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗患者随机分成两组:骶管阻滞加静脉全麻(I组);另一组用全凭静脉麻醉(II组)。结果全麻药的用量,II组比I组明显增多(P<0.05);I组苏醒时间短,分泌物少,手术后呕吐发生率少(P<0.05)。结论静脉全麻复合小儿单次骶管阻滞麻醉比全凭静脉麻醉用于婴幼儿先天性心脏病介入封堵治疗麻醉费用少,生命体征平稳,麻醉并发症少,值得推广。     

不明原因发热182例临床分析

目的探讨不明原因发热(FUO)的病因分布特点。方法对符合不明原因发热诊断标准的182例病人资料进行分析研究。结果182例病人中有153例最终确诊,确诊率为84.1%。病因分布如下:感染性疾病92例(60.1%),其中结核病51例,位居FUO病因第一位;肿瘤性疾病27例(17.6%),其中淋巴瘤、白血病占66.7%;结缔组织病23例(15.0%),其中Still病占52.2%;其他疾病11例(7.2%),包括坏死性淋巴结炎、药物热、伪热;29例病人最终未被确诊,占15.9%。结论FUO病人的主要病因是感染性疾病,其中结核病是感染的主要病种。另外,肿瘤性疾病和结缔组织病也是FUO常见的病因。     

奇经八脉源流考略

从奇经八脉理论的萌芽、雏形、理论的奠定、命名与系统阐发等几方面进行阐释，进一步说明了各种致病因素，使奇经八脉受损，可表现在奇经八脉循行部位及独特生理功能出现一系列病理表现，由于八脉间互相联系，互相影响，因此奇经病变常具有见症繁多，病情复杂，一症多因等特点。既有本经之病，又有相关密切的奇经与脏腑合病或并病，临证应细加分辨。     

椎体成形术中注射聚甲基丙烯酸酯和锶羟磷灰石的比较

【目的】比较采用两种填充物聚甲基丙烯酸酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)和锶羟磷灰石(strontium-contained hydroxyapatitecement,SrHAC)行经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)的临床应用结果。【方法】选择单椎体骨折患者49例,其中男19例,女30例,随机分成2组,PMMA组26例,SrHAC组23例,对填充物注入量、术中患者血压、心率、血氧饱和度及术后填充物渗漏、疼痛改善、临床效果、影像学征象等指标进行评价分析。【结果】PMMA组平均注入量为(2.82±0.39)mL,SrHAC组平均注入量为(3.75±0.52)mL,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。SrHAC组注入填充物时血压、心率、血氧饱和度稳定。PMMA组视觉模拟量表(visual analogue pain scale,VAS)评分由术前平均的(7.0±0.8)分下降至末次随访时的(1.7±0.4)分;SrHAC组术前平均为(7.2±1.0)分,末次随访降为(1.8±0.5)分。两组组内比较手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后临床效果SC法评价,优良率:PMMA组为84.6%、SrHAC组为82.6%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时椎体均无继续塌陷征象。随访达1年以上的SrHAC组见填充物开始降解。【结论】应用两种填充剂行PVP均为治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的有效办法。