射麻止喘液抗感染作用的实验研究

目的：为了探讨射麻止喘液对支气管哮喘气管炎症的抑制作用。方法：对４８只豚鼠随机分为５组,观察射麻止喘液对豚鼠血浆及肺组织内皮素（ＥＴ）水平及对肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润的影响。结果：射麻止液可以降低血浆及肺组织ＥＴ水平,并可抑制豚鼠肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。结论：射麻止喘液具有抗感染作用。     

Prognostic factors in the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)

From 1980 to 1990 we treated 107 non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) with radiotherapy alone. The study was done to evaluate the prognostic factors in an absolutely negative selected group of patients with regard to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) classification published in 1987. Patients who had a prior response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, a negative selection of 98 males and 9 females were treated. All patients were classified retrospectively according to UICC 1987. Nine males and 7 females were stages I and II, respectively. In stage IIIa there were 41 patients, and in stage IIIb 42. A total of 18 patients were staged IV. Results: 5-year overall actuarial survival was approximately 1 %. As main prognostic factor we found the stage of disease. Two-year survival rates in stages I and II were 25 %, in stage IIIa 20 %, in stage IIIb 12 % and in stage IV 0%. The Karnowsky Index (KI) was an important second factor: Patients with a good KI (90–100 %) had a 2-year survival rate of 27 %, and patients with a KI of 70–80 % had a 6.5 % 2-year survival rate. Other prognostic factors were: (1) given total radiation dose, (2) actual response to radiation therapy and (3) normal white blood cell (WBC) count. Leukocytosis is a negative factor for prognosis. We conclude that the stage and, among other factors, the general condition (KI, WBC), are relevant for the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Correspondence to: M. Busch     

盐酸班布特罗口服液治疗支气管哮喘的评价

目的：评价新型长效β２激动剂——盐酸班布特罗口服液治疗支气管哮喘的疗效和安全性。方法：采用随机单盲对照和开放试验,对１０１例哮喘患者进行为期４周、口服盐酸班布特罗口服液、１０～２０ｍｇ每晚一次的疗效观察,并进行剂量滴定。结果：治疗组（５０例）和开放组（５１例）临床控制率分别为５４．０％和６２．５％,有效率分别为８８．０％和９２．７％。治疗２周,肺功能即显著改善。剂量滴定试验提示部分患者的合适剂量为每日２０ｍｇ。不良反应发生率为７．９％。主要表现为手抖、心悸和头晕,不影响治疗。１例出现一过性血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）轻度升高。结论：盐酸班布特罗口服液是安全而有效的,是一种长效支气管扩张药物。     

国家标准<中医病证分类与代码>应用研究(I)--1994年全国88所中医医院出院患者中医病证诊断分布

从全国分层随机抽样确定的８８所中医医院１９９４年１２万余份出院病例中,遴选出７８６０５份符合项目研究要求的病例,从中分析发现中医病、证诊断名５９０８个。通过对每一个病、证诊断所占有的病例量顺位列表分析获得了有代表性的全国中医医院住院患者中医病、证诊断分布资料;在此基础上以国家标准为规范描述了中医病、证诊断内涵联系的层次结构,揭示了中医病、证的属性组合规律与因果关系,为中医学提供了一个新的研究思路与方法。     

芩夏止哮颗粒对豚鼠支气管平滑肌的影响及平喘作用

通过离体和整体实验 ,观察芩夏止哮颗粒对以组胺和乙酰胆碱引起正常豚鼠支气管收缩和以卵蛋白诱发的致敏豚鼠支气管收缩的影响。离体实验 ,芩夏止哮颗粒 2～ 8g/L对组胺致正常豚鼠气管条收缩有明显解痉作用 ,并具明显的量效关系。芩夏止哮颗粒对正常豚鼠气管条则也有松弛作用。离体实验结果还表明芩夏止哮颗粒能松弛致敏豚鼠回肠平滑肌。整体实验 ,芩夏止哮颗粒 ,可显著延长药物引喘和卵蛋白气雾吸入引喘所致豚鼠抽搐的潜伏期。芩夏止哮颗粒能拮抗组胺刺激引起的正常豚鼠和卵蛋白引起的致敏豚鼠离体气管片的收缩 ,抑制致敏豚鼠哮喘的发生     

低剂量丙酸倍氯松吸入对轻度哮喘儿童气道高反应性的影响

为探讨低剂量丙酸倍氯松吸入对轻度哮喘儿童肺功能及气道高反应性的影响,将 ３０例轻度哮喘患儿（年龄 ５～ １４岁,男２１例,女 ９例）随机分为 ３组（每组 １０例）,分别吸入安慰剂,ＢＤＰ２００或４００μｇ／日,结果：患儿吸入２００或４００μｇ／日的ＢＤＰ后,哮喘症状明显改善, ＦＥＶＩ及 ＰＥＦ明显升高。且Ｌｏｇ［ＰＤ２０ＦＥＶ１（μｇ）］显著增加即 ＢＨＲ显著下降。其下降程度随吸药时间的延长而增加,而对照组的各项指标均无明显变化。２００μｇ组及４００μｇ组间有关临床症状改善,各项肺功能指标及 ＢＨＲ的变化,不存在显著差异（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。结论：吸入２００μｇ／日的ＢＤＰ即能有效地控制轻度儿童哮喘患者的临床症状,改善其肺功能并降低ＢＨＲ,将剂量增力。至４００μｇ／日并不能明显增力。疗效。建议临床上使用ＢＤＰ吸入疗法治疗轻度儿童哮喘时,宜采用２００μｇ／日为常规剂量。     

肺癌患者血清与支气管肺泡灌洗液四项放免肿瘤指标同步检测的结果分析

对３８例肺癌患者的血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）同步进行ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ－５０、ＡＦＰ、ＳＦ的检测。结果显示：肺癌ＢＡＬＦ的ＣＥＡ浓度测值７３％明显高于血清中ＣＥＡ浓度;ＣＡ－５０浓度测值６８％高于血清;ＳＦ９２％明显低于血清中测值;而ＡＦＰ在肺癌患者无论血清及灌洗液中,阳性率均低于７％,但仍是ＢＡＬＦ的浓度测值敏感于血清。提示支气管肺泡灌洗液的ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ－５０与血清的同步检测是目前肺癌早期诊断的主要优选方法之一。     

Allergen tachyphylaxis of guinea pigs in vivo: A prostaglandin E mediated phenomenon?

Ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs were repeatedly challenged with 1% OA in saline nebulized ultrasonically at the 0, 10, 20, 60 and 70th min. The intensity of bronchial obstruction was measured by body plethysmography. The first three challenges (0, 10, 20 min) caused strong asthmatic reactions in all animals, the last two (60, 70 min) only mild ones in 10 out of 15 animals. The development of this tachyphylaxis was markedly reduced by pretreatment of the animals with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally resp. acetylsalicylic acid 10 mg/kg orally 2h before test). The effect of both inhibitors (i.e. inhibition of tachyphylaxis) was abolished by supplementing prostaglandin E₂ as aerosol simultaneously to the allergen (100–200 ng per inhalation). The results suggest that allergen tachyphylaxis we have observed in vivo might be due to synthesis of cyclooxygenase products, e.g. prostaglandin E.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant Do 240) in part presented at the 17th workshop on pediatric research [Göttingen 1981, Eur. J. Pediatr. 135: 336 (1981)]     

紧急动脉栓塞治疗大咯血

目的评价介入栓塞治疗大咯血的疗效。方法16例大咯血患者行介入栓塞治疗,肺结核10例,支气管扩张6例;栓塞支气管动脉24支,肋间动脉6支,右乳内动脉1支。结果即刻止血13例,咯血明显减少2例,失败1例;随访3～48个月,3例复发,2例再次栓塞治疗咯血停止,1例内科保守治疗成功。本组未发生脊髓损伤及异位栓塞综合征。结论大咯血患者行介入栓塞治疗止血快,疗效显著,安全可靠。     

Bronchial foreign body: should bronchoscopy be performed in all patients with a choking crisis?

The aspiration of a bronchial foreign body (FB) remains a common pediatric problem with serious and sometimes fatal sequelae. The diagnosis is often delayed or overlooked. With the aim of determining a reliable clinical and/or radiologic finding to indicate the requirement for bronchoscopy, 100 patients admitted to our hospital because of FB aspiration who underwent rigid bronchoscopy were retrospectively studied. The clinical and radiologic data were compared with the bronchoscopy findings, which revealed that the history of a choking crisis was the clinical parameter that showed the highest sensitivity (97%) with high specificity (63%), and that other symptoms and radiology, even those with high sensitivity (88% and 85%, respectively), had low specificity (9%). We conclude that bronchoscopy should be performed in all patients with a history of a choking crisis even if they have normal radiologic findings and few symptoms.