90例苯暴露者T淋巴细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白检测

目的检测苯暴露者外周血T淋巴细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白（Ag-NORs）,评价其作为苯暴露者早期的效应生物标志物的价值。方法采用KL型肿瘤免疫图像分析系统及配套试剂分析接触苯的高暴露者、低暴露者和对照者Ag-NORs区面积与细胞核仁区的百分比（I.S%）。结果 I.S%在高暴露者组为（6.2±0.7）,低暴露组为（7.5±0.8）,正常对照组为（7.6±0.7）,3组差异有统计学意义（F=2.36,P=0.013）,其中高暴露组低于低暴露组和对照组,低暴露组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 Ag-NORs检测能反映个体的苯接触水平,对职业健康检查早期筛查易感人群有一定的意义。     

2007年某市23家企业苯系有机溶剂职业危害情况调查

[目的]了解某市企业使用苯系有机溶剂的职业病危害状况,为制订职业病的防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]2007年,对某市23家使用苯系有机溶剂的企业进行职业卫生学调查和生产环境空气中苯系物浓度检测,抽取部分女工进行职业健康状况调查。[结果]23家企业中,6家实施职业病危害评价;手工、半机械化操作的占12家;14家存在不同程度的职业卫生问题。作业环境中苯系有机溶剂超标率为32．61％,其中甲苯检测点的超标率45．28%。月经异常罹患率、子代出生缺陷发生率,苯系有机溶剂作业女工462人分别为55．41％、2．83％,对照组女工458人分别为25．76％、0．00%（P〈0．01）;接触组检出慢性苯中毒患者8例、观察对象21例。[结论]某市使用苯系有机溶剂的企业存在较严重的职业病危害因素,已经对作业女工的健康造成明显的危害。     

彩超对职业苯中毒患者肾损害的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声评价苯中毒肾功能损害的意义与临床应用价值。方法将42例苯中毒肾损害患者分为肾功能衰竭失代偿期组（Ⅰ组）26例和代偿期组（Ⅱ组）16例。并与40例正常人（对照组）进行比较,采用超声多普勒检测3组患者的肾动脉多普勒血流频谱,检测指标为收缩期最大峰值流速（Vmax）、舒张末期最低流速（Vmin）及阻力指数（RI）。结果Ⅱ组与对照组肾内血流信号丰富,频谱呈高速低阻型;Ⅰ组患者彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFl）示肾实质血流信号稀少,血流频谱呈低速高阻型,RI较另外2组明显增高,Vmax及Vmin明显降低。同时对各组肾脏的大小、回声及皮质厚度进行比较,发现Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组及对照组两间均有明显差别。结论多普勒超声检查对苯中毒患者肾损害的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

海门市某工业园区4家企业车间空气中苯毒危害控制对策

目的探讨车间空气中苯污染控制对策及效果。方法分析海门市某工业园区4家企业车间空气中苯浓度变化状况,在企业原有的设备基础上对企业现有防护设施进行改造,结合加强职业卫生监督管理和卫生指导等措施,对该项目职业病危害控制效果进行评价。结果车间作业环境明显改善,4家企业环境苯检测合格率整改前为19．30％,整改后升到91．23％,车间空气中苯浓度控制在国家容许浓度范围内,治理前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;职工健康状况改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论苯危害控制措施较为有效,为今后改扩建企业苯毒危害治理提供依据。     

药物中苯残留原因及控制策略浅析

摘 要 苯是生产、生活中常见的毒性污染物,对人体诸多器官和系统有严重危害。苯作为一种致癌物,应在药物中对其残留进行严格控制。本文从溶剂残留、生产工艺、原辅料降解、包材、生产设施及环境等方面分析并探讨了药物中可能的苯残留原因,总结相关分析方法,并提出可行的控制策略,包括避免在药物生产中使用,同时加强生产质量控制、防止苯污染。     

Impairment of Deep Lung Clearance by Influenza Virus Infection

This paper reports experimentally observed effects of influenza virus infection on pulmonary clearance of chromic oxide dust tagged with chromium 51 (⁵¹Cr₂O₃). The usual course of this viral infection produces a stage of acute pneumonitis at 10 to 14 days after exposure, with subsequent, and often permanent, fibrotic scarring of the lung tissue. When ⁵¹Cr₂O₃ was administered simultaneously with, or at 1, 3, 5, 9, or 56 weeks after, virus inoculation, a marked deficiency in pulmonary clearance of the dust was noted. The distribution of retained chromium in the lungs of infected animals was found to depend on the relation between time of infection and time of ⁵¹Cr₂O₃ administration, a relationship which suggests that individuals with respiratory infections are at increased risk from exposure to toxic and radioactive particles.     

影响苯的生物学指标粘康酸的混杂因素初探

粘康酸是苯的一种微量开环代谢产物，可敏感地反映苯暴露者的内吸收剂量。本文探讨了影响该指标的几个混杂因素．结果表明，不同性别苯暴露者粘康酸的排出量差异无显著性意义，吸烟能增加粘康酸的排出量不同时间留取的尿标本对粘康酸的检出有明显的影响；协同暴露于甲苯能抑制粘康酸的排出．     

trans,trans-Muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environmental exposure to benzene

 Excretion of trans,trans-muconic acid (2,4-hexadienedioic acid; t,t-MA), a potential biomarker of low-level exposure to benzene, was determined in 32 smokers and 82 nonsmokers. In smokers the median background excretion of t,t-MA was 0.13 (0.06–0.39) mg/g creatinine and was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the value of 0.065 (0.02–0.59) mg/g creatinine in nonsmokers. For nonsmokers, the correlation between t,t-MA excretion and environmental exposure to benzene in ambient air, which was determined during the 8-day study period by personal diffusion samplers, was not significant (r=0.164, P=0.18). Nonsmokers living in the city tended to have higher t,t-MA excretion rates than nonsmokers living in the suburbs. However, the difference was only significant for nonsmokers from nonsmoking homes. For the same location (suburb or city), smoking at home leads to a marginal increase in t,t-MA excretion of the nonsmoking members of the household. In a further study with eight nonsmokers we found that dietary supplementation with 500 mg sorbic acid significantly increased (P<0.001) the mean urinary t,t-MA excretion from 0.08 (0.04–0.12) to 0.88 (0.57–1.48) mg/24 h. Under study conditions 0.12% of the sorbic acid dose was excreted in urine as t,t-MA, thereby indicating that a typical dietary intake of 6–30 mg/day sorbic acid accounts for 10–50% of the background t,t-MA excretion in nonsmokers, and for 5–25% in smokers. As a consequence, sorbic acid in the diet is a significant confounding factor in assessing low-level benzene exposure if t,t-MA excretion in urine is used as a biomarker. Received: 10 October 1995 / Accepted: 26 February 1996     

苯系物对工人健康的影响

本文报道９７名长期接触苯系物的工人其神经衰弱综合征、出血倾向、心电图ＳＴ－Ｔ改变发生率显著高于对照组；白细胞数、中性粒细胞效和淋巴细胞数的均值分别低于对照组；Ｎ—ＬＡＰ活性水平及其升高的发生率显著高于对照组；ＨＤＬ—ｃ、Ｔｃ、ＬＤＬ—ｃ和水平皆显著区别于对照组；ＴＣ．ＬＤＬ—ｃ与比值增高的检出率分别高于对照组。上述结果提示苯系物影响工人神经系统、血液和心血管机能，并高度提示苯系作业工人患冠心病的危险增高。     

苯中毒患者胸腺近期输出功能和T细胞亚群变化

目的　分析职业性慢性轻度苯中毒工人外周血单个核细胞中信号结合T细胞受体删除DNA环 (sjTRECs)的含量和CD4+/CD8+比值 ,从而了解其初始 (naive)T细胞含量和胸腺近期输功能 ,以及外周T细胞亚群分布情况。方法　利用间接免疫荧光法检测 11例健康人和 5例轻度苯中毒患者外周血单个核细胞中CD4+/CD8+比值 ;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应 (real timePCR)和TaqMan方法检测两组外周血单个核细胞中sjTRECs的含量。结果　每 10 0 0个外周血单个核细胞中sjTRECs含量在正常人中为 9 10± 4 5 5 ,轻度苯中毒为 2 80± 3 79,P <0 0 5 ;轻度苯中毒者CD4+/CD8+的比值 (0 92± 0 3 5 )明显低于正常人 (1 49± 0 2 1) ,P <0 0 1。结论　轻度苯中毒患者胸腺近期输出功能低下 ,长期低剂量接触苯可能引起一些工人的细胞免疫功能障碍