The effect of probiotics on gastric mucosal permeability in humans administered with aspirin

Abstract

Objective. To examine whether a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 (LG21), can protect the gastric mucosal integrity from aspirin using urinary sucrose excretion (USE) test. Materials and methods. In the study using high-dose aspirin, the USE tests were carried out in 29 volunteers before and after LG21 treatment for 4 weeks. In the study using patients undergoing low-dose aspirin therapy, USE tests were performed in 37 subjects who took LG21 for 16 weeks. Stool occult blood was examined by the guaiac method. Results. In the former study, the elevation in the USE value after aspirin loading significantly decreased after LG21 treatment (Median ± SD; 0.244 ± 0.237 vs. 0.208 ± 0.112%, p = 0.018). In the latter study, the USE value significantly decreased in the period with LG21 treatment (p = 0.033), while no significant difference was found in the period without LG21 (p = 0.113). The number of positive occult blood tests decreased during LG21 treatment. Conclusions. The regular ingestion of LG21 may protect the integrity of the gastric mucosal permeability against aspirin.     

替普瑞酮对阿司匹林致胃黏膜损伤的保护作用

目的 研究替普瑞酮对阿司匹林所致胃黏膜损伤的保护作用.方法 2008年至2010年在浙江省中医院心血管科住院的首次服用常规剂量阿司匹林的患者296例,随机分为两组.阿司匹林组166例,每日服用阿司匹林肠溶片100 mg；阿司匹林+替普瑞酮组130例,在等同于阿司匹林组服用阿司匹林剂量的基础上,口服替普瑞酮舒50 mg/次,3次/d.分别观察两组患者3个月、6个月及1年后消化道症状和胃黏膜的损害情况.结果 阿司匹林组入组143例,阿司匹林+替普瑞酮组入组118例.服药3个月后阿司匹林组消化道症状的发生率为1.40％,与阿司匹林+替普瑞酮组比较差异有统计学意义(0,x2=1.663,P=0.197).服药6个月后随访,阿司匹林组消化道症状的发生率为4.96％,与阿司匹林+替普瑞酮组比较差异有统计学意义(0,x2=6.021,P＝0.014).服药1年后随访,阿司匹林组消化道症状的发生率为20.15％,与阿司匹林+替普瑞酮组比较差异有统计学意义(1.69％,x2=20.984,P=0.001).阿司匹林+替普瑞酮组随访6个月及1年后症状和胃镜积分与阿司匹林组相比明显降低(P值分别＜0.05和0.01).阿司匹林组1年后症状和胃镜积分与6个月时相比明显增高(P值分别＜0.05和0.01).结论 替普瑞酮对阿司匹林所致胃黏膜损伤有一定的保护作用.长期服用常规剂量的阿司匹林会引起胃黏膜不同程度的损害,胃黏膜损害的发生会随着服药时间增加而增加.     

Is There a Relationship between the Use of Analgesics and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding? A Finnish Case-Control Prospective Study

Background: Our object was to study the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as a risk factor in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: Forty-eight patients with acute bleeding due to esophagitis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, or erosions and 156 age- and sex-matched control patients from the same emergency units were interviewed about the history of ulcer disease, smoking and alcohol habits, and use of analgesics or NSAIDs. Results: Twenty-four patients (50%) and 90 controls (57.6%) had no previous upper abdominal symptoms (NS). There were more heavy smokers among patients (n = 9; 18.8%) than controls (n = 7; 4.5%) (p < 0.01). Five patients (10.4%) and one control (0.6%) had taken more than 20 drinks during the week before admission (p < 0.001). Twenty-nine patients (62.5%) and 81 controls (51.9%) had used some analgesics during the week before admission (NS). There was no difference in the duration of the use of analgesics in the patients and controls. Conclusion: The results do not support the concept that NSAIDs are a major factor associated with serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding.     

The mortality reducing effect of aspirin in colorectal cancer patients: Interpreting the evidence

In 1971 the first study appeared that suggested a relationship between aspirin and cancer. Currently publications on the subject of aspirin and cancer are numerous, with both a beneficial effect of aspirin on cancer incidence and a beneficial effect on cancer survival. This review focusses on the relation between the use of aspirin and improved survival in colorectal cancer patients. Various study designs have been used, with the main part being observational studies and post hoc meta-analyses of cancer outcomes in cardiovascular prevention trials. The results of these studies are unambiguously pointing towards an effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer survival, and several randomised controlled trials are currently ongoing. Some clinicians feel that the current evidence is conclusive and that the time has come for aspirin to be prescribed as adjuvant therapy. However, until this review, not much attention has been paid to the specific types of bias associated with these studies. One of these biases is confounding by indication, because aspirin is indicated for patients as secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease. This review aims to provide perspective on these biases and provide tools for the interpretation of the current evidence. Albeit promising, the current evidence is not sufficient to already prescribe aspirin as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer.     

Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Complications in Aspirin Users: Review of Clinical and Experimental Data

This paper reviews recent clinical evidence that suggests that aspirin prophylaxis against cardiac and cerebral vascular ischemia is associated with significant gastrointestinal complications. The clinical and experimental evidence to confirm the role of risk factors of concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), tobacco cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption are discussed. The limitations of long-term acid suppression treatment for the prevention of these complications are considered. Future experimental studies to guide the clinical approach to develop novel and potentially cost-effective management strategies are discussed.     

Low-dose aspirin in patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Evidence for a selective inhibition of thromboxane-related platelet function

The adequacy, selectivity and long-term persistence of inhibitionin cyclooxygenase-dependent platelet function by a daily low-dose(0.45 mg kg^–1 day^–1) aspirin treatment have beenevaluated in 15 patients after a recent (less than 17 days)acute myocardial infarction. Serum thromboxane (TX) B₂, an indexof platelet TXA₂ production, was decreased by 94–98% (P<0.001)by aspirin, while urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandinF^la, as an index of extraplatelet cyclooxygenase activity, remainedunchanged. Compared to placebo, aspirin induced a persistentincrease in bleeding time (% difference 45.6±21.4, mean± SD) and a decrease in platelet aggregation by ADP,epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid. No tendency towardsan attenuation of the effects was apparent for the period ofaspirin administration (4 weeks). Aspirin 0.45 mg kg^–1 day^–1 is adequate and selectivein the long-term inhibition of TX-related platelet functionin patients after acute myocardial infarction. The clinicaleffectiveness of such a regimen remains to be proven in clinicaltrials.     

丁苯酞、阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

摘 要 目的:观察丁苯酞、阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法：72例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分成观察组和对照组各36例,对照组采用阿托伐他汀片与阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,观察组采用丁苯酞软胶囊、阿托伐他汀片与阿司匹林肠溶片联合治疗,均连续治疗30 d。比较两组患者神经功能改善情况、临床疗效和血脂指标变化。结果：治疗后,两组独立活动能力分级均较治疗前有显著改变（P<0.05）,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组总有效率为97.22%;对照组总有效率为91.67%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,两组患者TG、TC、LDL水平均下降（P<0.05）,而HDL水平上升（P<0.05）,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后两组患者NIHSS评分较前显著下降（P<0.05）,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀与阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中能显著改善患者的NIHSS评分、独立生活能力和血脂水平,总有效率略高于阿托伐他汀与阿司匹林联合治疗,但差异无统计学意义,且不增加药品不良反应,其临床疗效有待进一步深入研究。     

Kawasaki disease with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency,case report

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs predominantly in infants and children younger than 5 years of age. Coronary artery abnormalities are the most serious complication.Based on the literatures infusion of Intravenous Immunoglobulin of 2 g/kg and a high dose of oral aspirin up to 100 mg/kg/day are the standard treatment for Kawasaki disease in the acute stage, and should be followed by antiplatelet dose of aspirin for thrombocytosis. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited X-linked hereditary disorder, and aspirin can induce hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency. We report a case of a 5 year and 8 month old male with KD and G6PD deficiency.     

阿司匹林对2型糖尿病患者血清可溶性CD40配体水平的影响

目的观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清可溶性CD40配体（sCD40L）水平的变化，以及阿司匹林（ASP）对其水平的影响。方法T2DM患者55例按是否服用阿司匹林（ASP）分为DM不服用ASP（DMwithoutASP）组24例和DM服用ASP组（DMwithASP）31例，设对照组33例。采用ELISA法测定血清sCD40L水平。结果DM-ASP组较对照组的sCD40L水平升高（2．14±0．74VS1．89±1．07，P〉0．05），DM＋ASP组CD40L较DM组下降（1．19±0．76，P〈0．01），较对照组下降（P〈0．01）。结论DM患者血清sCD40L升高；服用ASP可降低DM患者sCD40L水平。     

阿司匹林联合辛伐他汀防治缺血性脑血管病临床研究

目的：探讨缺血性脑血管病应用阿司匹林联合辛伐他汀治疗的效果,以丰富临床治疗经验。方法：选择2012年6月～2013年6月在我院接收并确诊的缺血性脑血管病患者100例,根据入院治疗顺序随机分为对照组与观察组各50例,对照组通过给予阿司匹林进行治疗,观察组则通过给予阿司匹林以及辛伐他汀同时治疗,治疗后8周,统计两组患者的治疗总有效率,将结果进行对比。一年以后对所有患者进行随访,了解患者的长期病情。结果：治疗后,患者的临床症状均有明显的改善与缓解,观察组治疗的总有效率为84.00%,优于对照组的68.00%,差异显著（P<0.05）;在治疗一年后,对患者进行随访,观察组心肌梗死、短暂性脑缺血发作以及再发性脑梗死等疾病的发生率为16.00%,远远低于对照组的36.00%,差异显著（P<0.05）。结论：缺血性脑血管病应用阿司匹林联合辛伐他汀治疗,具有疗效确切、安全可靠等优点,值得临床推广。