烷氧染料木黄酮衍生物的合成及其抗癌活性研究

目的研究烷氧染料木黄酮衍生物的体外抗癌活性。方法在催化剂的作用下,染料木黄酮与卤代烃发生取代反应,生成了一系列染料木黄酮衍生物,并通过MTT法检测其对人急性粒细胞性白血病（HL-60）细胞、人结肠癌（HT-29）细胞和人胃癌（SGC-7901）细胞的增殖抑制作用。结果合成了4个烷氧取代染料木黄酮衍生物,其中化合物3a（4′,5,7-三甲基染料木黄酮）对HL-60、HT-29和SGC-7901细胞增殖的抑制作用均强于5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）。结论染料木黄酮衍生物3a具有潜在的抗癌活性。     

妇产科围手术期抗菌药合理应用的研究

目的：研究分析妇产科围手术期抗菌药物的应用情况,提高用药的合理性。方法：随机抽取我院2011年9月-2013年9月妇产科手术患者250例,回顾性分析围手术期抗菌药物的使用品种、方式和频率。结果：250例患者中没有使用抗菌药物有65例;使用抗菌药物185例,平均用药时间6．08天,抗菌药物种类有头孢菌素类、氨基苷类、硝咪唑类、青霉素类等。抗菌药物合理与基本合理使用占75．68％,不合理占24．32％。结论：妇产科围手术期抗菌药使用仍需要全面衡量、综合分析,抗菌药使用的合理性有待进一步提高。     

住院病历抗菌药物的不合理使用情况及分析

目的:分析我院住院病历抗菌药物的不合理使用情况。方法:从2011年1~6月住院病理者中随机抽取334例,对抗菌药物不合理使用情况进行统计、分析。结果:所抽查病历中使用抗菌药物235份(70.4%),合格170份,不合格65份。不合理使用主要表现为选药不适宜、给药时间及疗程不适宜、用法用量不合理、联合用药不合理、无适应证使用及更换抗菌药物、溶媒使用不当等。结论:我院住院患者的抗菌药物使用存在不合理情况,临床药师需严密监测抗菌药物的使用,并将结果反馈给临床,以保证抗菌药物的合理应用。     

细菌耐药性与抗菌药物使用及手卫生关系的研究!

目的：探讨细菌耐药性与住院患者抗菌药物使用强度及医务人员手卫生依从性之间的关系,为遏制细菌耐药性加剧及医院感染控制工作提供参考。方法收集2011年7月-2013年12月某院住院患者中分离的病原菌耐药率及同期住院患者中抗菌药物使用强度和医务人员手卫生依从率,并统计其数理相关关系。结果抗菌药物使用强度从73.6%持续下降到41.3%,医务人员手卫生依从率从25%左右持续提高到55%以上;同期细菌对部分抗菌药物耐药率与该抗菌药物使用强度相关系数r在0.332-0.924之间,与手卫生依从率相关系数r在-0.181--0.983之间。结论规范抗菌药物使用、落实包括手卫生在内的多重耐药菌隔离措施,显示出遏制细菌耐药性加剧的积极效果。     

Isolation and structural elucidation of cytotoxic compounds from the root bark of Diospyros quercina (Baill.) endemic to Madagascar

Objective

To isolate and characterize the cytotoxic compounds from Diospyros quercina (Baill.) G.E. Schatz & Lowry (Ebenaceae).

Methods

An ethno-botanical survey was conducted in the south of Madagascar from July to August 2010. Bio-guided fractionation assay was carried out on the root bark of Diospyros quercina, using cytotoxicity bioassay on murine P388 leukemia cell lines as model. The structures of the cytotoxic compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Results

Biological experiments resulted in the isolation of three bioactive pure compounds (named TR-21, TR-22, and TR-23) which exhibited very good in vitro cytotoxic activities with the IC₅₀ values of (0.017 5±0.0060) µg/mL, (0.089±0.005) µg/mL and (1.027±0.070) µg/mL respectively. Thus, they support the claims of traditional healers and suggest the possible correlation between the chemical composition of this plant and its wide use in Malagasy folk medicine to treat cancer.

Conclusions

The ability of isolated compounds in this study to inhibit cell growth may represent a rational explanation for the use of Diospyros quercina root bark in treating cancer by Malagasy traditional healers. Further studies are, therefore, necessary to evaluate the in vivo anti-neoplastic activity of these cytotoxic compounds as effective anticancer drugs.     

辽宁中医药大学大连校区药用植物资源调查

目的:为了配合药学院各专业学生对《药用植物学》的学习,我们对大连校区的药用植物资源做了详细的调查。方法:通过实地调查、标本收集、数码拍照、查阅资料、专家咨询等方法对大学校园内的药用植物资源进行调查。结果:大连校区共有药用植物128种,其中蕨类植物1种、裸子植物3种、双子叶植物种107种、单子叶植物17种。结论:通过调查,我们进一步了解了校区内的药用植物资源现状,做到了理论联系实际,学以致用,并为开展药用植物学课间实习、开设综合、设计性实验及第二课堂创造了条件。     

气学理论对中医临床具有重要指导作用

精气学说原是中国古代哲学中的本体论,用以解释说明宇宙万物的起源、构成与演化。后被中医学吸纳,成为中医学的重要理论基础。精气学说和气化学说是中医气学的重要组成部分,不仅成为中医学重要的说理工具,而且有效地指导着中医的临床实践。     

A Prospective Randomized Study to Assess the Optimal Duration of Intravenous Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Elective Gastric Cancer Surgery

The duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in gastric cancer surgery is not yet established. This prospective randomized study was performed to confirm the noninferiority of single-dose versus multiple-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis in terms of the incidence of surgical-site infection in gastric cancer surgery. Three hundred twenty-five patients undergoing elective resection for gastric cancer were randomized to receive only single-dose cefazolin (1 g) during surgery (single-dose group) or an additional 5 doses every 12 hours postoperatively (multiple-dose group). The overall incidence of surgical-site infections was 9.1% in the single-dose group and 6.2% in the multiple-dose group [difference (95% confidence interval): −2.9% (−5.9%–0.0%)]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified blood loss, being overweight, and advanced age as significant independent risk factors for surgical-site infection. Single-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis seemed to be acceptable, and choosing multiple-dose prophylaxis may have little impact on the prevention of surgical-site infections in elective gastric cancer surgery.     

Is the Life Space Assessment Applicable to a Palliative Care Population? Its Relationship to Measures of Performance and Quality of Life

ContextThe spatial environments that palliative care patients frequent for business and leisure constrict as their disease progresses and their physical functioning deteriorates. Measuring a person's movement within his or her own environment is a clinically relevant and patient-centered outcome because it measures function in a way that reflects actual and not theoretical participation.ObjectivesThis exploratory study set out to test whether the Life-Space Assessment (LSA) would correlate with other commonly used palliative care outcome measures of function and quality of life.MethodsThe baseline LSA, Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (AKPS), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 15-Palliative (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) scores from two large clinical trials were used to calculate correlation coefficients between the measures. Convergent validity analysis was undertaken by comparing LSA scores between participants with higher (≥70) and lower (≤60) AKPS scores.ResultsThe LSA was correlated significantly and positively with the AKPS, with a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.54 (P < 0.001). There was a significant weak negative correlation between the LSA and the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL, with a small coefficient of −0.22 (P = 0.027), but a strong correlation between the LSA and the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL item related to independent activities of daily living (r = −0.654, P < 0.01). A significant difference in the LSA score between participants with higher (≥70) and lower (≤60) AKPS scores t(97) = −4.35, P < 0.001) was found.ConclusionThe LSA appears applicable to palliative care populations given the convergent validity and capacity of this instrument to differentiate a person's ability to move through life-space zones by performance status. Further research is required to validate and apply the LSA within community palliative care populations.     

2011年四川省23所医院抗菌药物使用情况调查与分析

目的 了解四川省医院抗菌药物使用情况。方法 对四川省23所医院2011年6月25日00：00 -24：00的在院患者抗菌药物使用情况进行横断面调查。结果 23所医院27 144例住院患者调查日抗菌药物使用率为42.4%,各医院日使用率范围为24.3%～63.3%。以治疗用药为使用目的者占63.8%,使用1种抗生素的占72.2%。36.9%的治疗性用药患者送标本培养。随着医院规模的增大,抗菌药物使用率逐渐降低（χ^2=411.834,P=0.000）;随着地区经济水平的提高,医院抗菌药物使用率逐渐降低（χ^2=500.093,P=0.000）。抗菌药物种类使用前3位依次为其他β-内酰胺类抗生素、青霉素类抗生素和第3代头孢菌素类抗生素。结论 四川省抗菌药物使用情况总体较为合理,仍需继续降低住院患者不合理的抗菌药物使用,加强抗菌药物临床应用管理。