抗生素414、克念菌素、来伏林的化学结构和生物活性的比较

用电喷雾电离质谱 (ESI MS)、HPLC、HPLC MS、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱等方法对七烯大环内酯抗真菌抗生素 414、克念菌素和来伏林的化学结构进行分析 ,证实它们的主要成分为同一物质 ,并用微生物检定法对它们的生物活性进行比较。HPLC分析表明 ,保留时间为 17、2 1、2 6min的 3个主要峰分别为克念菌素D、克念菌素单脱氧同系物、克念菌素双脱氧同系物     

飞行人员咽鼓管机能障碍对内耳功能的影响

目的　探讨飞行人员咽鼓管机能障碍对内耳听功能和前庭功能的影响。　方法　总结飞行人员咽鼓管机能障碍和内耳功能异常的临床资料 2 6份。　结果　 2 6例中感音神经性耳聋者 18人 ,梅尼埃病者 3人 ,神经性耳鸣者 3人 ,突发性耳聋和前庭功能障碍者各 1人。　结论　咽鼓管机能障碍不仅可引起航空性中耳炎 ,而且可引起或加重内耳功能的损害。     

高、低压舱致豚鼠耳气压损伤的形态学变化

目的 验证高压氧舱法和低压舱法检测咽鼓管通气功能时，引起实验豚鼠的中耳、内耳病理改变的一致性。方法 健康的杂色豚鼠38只随机分为3个高压氧舱组和3个低压舱组，分别在相应条件下进行模拟上升和下降实验，出舱电耳镜观察豚鼠鼓膜后处死，进行中耳及内耳组织学观察。结果 鼓膜反应及中耳、内耳组织学改变组间无差异。结论 本实验从病理形态学角度证实高压氧舱可以检测咽鼓管通气功能。     

硅橡胶套管人工腱移植修复手屈肌腱损伤九例

手屈肌腱损伤与粘连影响功能。在Hunter两期重建屈肌腱和硅橡胶套管人工腱的实验基础上,对9例进行了一次型套管腱修复,疗效满意。本文介绍了手术方法,并重点讨论其理论基础和手术注意事项。     

DRW型胃管应用于鼻饲的效果观察

目的：观察DRW型胃管在鼻饲中的应用效果。方法：采用回顾性对照法将86例鼻饲患者分为两组，以一次性使用胶乳胃管鼻饲者44例为对照组，以DRW型胃管鼻饲者42例为观察组，观察两组每次插管时间、插管一次成功率、插管反应、食物反流、误吸、管腔堵塞、胃管变化及鼻腔咽部黏膜充血等情况。结果：观察组优于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论：DRW型胃管鼻饲效果明显优于胶乳胃管，值得临床推广应用。     

头皮针在直肠黏膜下注射中的应用

目的探讨一种简单、安全、有效的直肠黏膜下注射术的方法。方法应用普通5号头皮针、管型肛门镜,不用麻醉行直肠黏膜下注射,治疗直肠黏膜脱垂、内痔出血等疾病。结果 106例患者均达到满意结果 ,未发生不良反应,也未出现并发症。结论应用头皮针普通管型肛门镜行直肠黏膜下注射术,容易掌握,安全可靠,简单易行。适合于门诊及住院患者,值得大力推广。     

Herpetic salpingitis and fallopian tube prolapse

AIM: We describe the unusual association of fallopian tubal prolapse and herpetic infection, an occurrence not previously reported to our knowledge. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 37-year-old woman presented with a small polypoid mass of the vaginal vault, 3 months after abdominal hysterectomy and abdominoplasty. The vaginal mass proved to be the fimbriated end of a fallopian tube, herniated into the vagina. Reintervention 3 months later with resection of a small vaginal 'polyp' revealed a residual portion of fallopian tube, with superimposed herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and marked cytological atypia of surface epithelial cells. HSV-2 immunostaining of viral nuclear inclusions and of atypical cells confirmed the herpetic nature of the infection. CONCLUSION: Involvement of the genito-urinary tract by HSV may occur via an ascending infection from the cervix, but the fallopian tube, deeply located in the pelvis, is generally spared from herpetic infection. In the setting of fallopian tubal prolapse, direct exposure of the herniated fallopian tube to various pathogens in the vagina provides an unique clinical model for salpingitis. In herpetic tubal infections, special attention must be paid to cytological atypia of probable viral cytopathogenic origin, to avoid a misdiagnosis of malignancy.     

Intravaginally applied metronidazole is as effective as orally applied in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but exhibits significantly less side effects

Objective

Metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). However, so far the oral administration has not been clinically compared to the intravaginal application regarding efficacy, side effects and patient satisfaction in a scientific sound fashion.

Study design

Therefore, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to demonstrate non-inferiority of short-term intravaginal (i.vag.) application of metronidazole (2× 1000 mg pessaries 24 h apart) vs. a single oral dose (p.o.) of metronidazole (1 × 2000 mg tablets) in 263 patients with BV (double-dummy design). The follow-up period was 12 weeks. In addition, the number and the type of adverse events induced by the two regimens were compared, assuming better tolerability of the intravaginal application.

Results

Following the diagnosis of BV a total of 129 women (mean age 36.2 years) was orally treated with a single dose of 2 g metronidazole whereas a total of 134 patients (mean age 35.5 years) was treated intravaginally with 1 g metronidazole each day on two consecutive days and included in the per-protocol analysis. Non-inferiority of i.vag. application compared to p.o. administration was statistically significant regarding efficacy: Following intravaginal application the cure rate, assessed on day 8 after starting of the treatment, was 92.5% as compared to 89.9% after oral administration. Nausea was the most common adverse event reported in 10.2% i.vag. vs. 30.4% p.o. of all cases (p < 0.001), abdominal pain in 16.8% i.vag. vs. 31.9% p.o. (p < 0.01), a “metallic taste” in 8.8% i.vag. vs. 17.9% p.o. (p < 0.05). Women treated i.vag. were highly satisfied with the treatment and more content as compared to the women treated p.o. with metronidazole (p < 0.05, intent-to-treat analysis).

Conclusion

In this clinical trial the intravaginal application was as effective as the oral administration of metronidazole in treating BV. However, significantly less adverse events were reported after short-term intravaginal as compared to oral application (p = 0.023) and probably led to a better patient compliance.     

冲击波对大鼠胸或腹局部作用的致伤效应

用微型激波管建立了大鼠局部冲击伤实验方法。50只大鼠平均分为5组,第1和第3组为胸部致伤组,第2和第4组为腹部致伤组,第5组为对照。第1和第2组的暴露距离为15mm,第3和第4组的为135mm,超压峰值分别为231.9kPa～224.6kPa和173.7kPa～186.3kPa。第1组、2组、3组和4组的肺出血面积分别为483±47mm~2/100g体重、114±42mm~2/100g体重、29±8mm~2/100g体重和12±7mm~2/100g体重,胸部致伤动物均无腹腔脏器损伤。结果表明局部冲击伤时压力差效应具有选择性,胸腔脏器为靶器官。