不同髋臼杯前倾位置和球头假体大小对全髋关节置换术后后方稳定性的影响

目的探讨髋臼杯的前倾位置与球头大小对全髋关节置换（THA）术后后方稳定性的影响。方法利用计算机导航技术在假骨上模拟THA术后,不同髋臼杯前倾位置和不同球头大小在屈髋90°、内收0°和内收30°时髋关节内旋到引起脱位的角度进行测量和比较发生后脱位时的角度差异。结果在髋臼杯外展45°、前倾0°、5°、10°、15°时,28mm和36mm球头在屈髋90°内收0°和30°睛况下内旋至脱位的角度有明显差别（均为P〈0．05）,36mm球头可有更大的内旋角度,稳定性优于28mm球头。但当髋臼杯前倾20°时28mm与36mm球头内旋至脱位的角度间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,内收30°时比内收0°时髋关节内旋至脱位的角度减小。关节稳定性随髋臼杯前倾减小而下降。髋臼杯前倾0°和髋关节内收30°时,28mm球头在外旋位时就可发生脱位。结论髋臼杯前倾角度增加可增加THA术后关节的稳定性,大球头的稳定性优于小球头,前倾达到某一角度时,大球头和小球头间的后方稳定性无差别。     

影响髋臼后壁骨折手术疗效的分析

目的 分析影响手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折疗效的因素并总结治疗经验. 方法 1993年8月至2006年8月手术治疗且符合纳入标准髋臼后壁骨折患者105例,用改良的Merle d'Aubigné和Postel评分系统评价临床效果,用Matta放射学标准评价影像学结果.通过统计分析说明年龄、性别、受伤至手术时间、合并伤、髋关节脱位情况、是否存在边缘压缩、骨折复位质量、有无合并股骨头骨折,异位骨化程度和有无股骨头坏死等与临床效果间的关系. 结果所有患者平均随访4.1年(2.0～10.6年).临床效果:优32例,良56例,可11例,差6例,优良率83.8%(88/105).影像学结果:优52例,良36例,可12例,差5例,优良率83.8%(88/105).患者年龄、性别、受伤至手术时间、合并伤及髋关节脱位与临床效果无显著相关.存在边缘压缩、合并股骨头骨折、骨折复位差、严重异位骨化和股骨头坏死与临床效果显著相关.临床效果与影像学结果存在强相关性(Kappa=0.772). 结论术中仔细探查、解剖复位、牢靠固定是关键.存在边缘压缩骨折、骨折复位差、合并股骨头骨折、严重异位骨化和股骨头坏死是影响治疗效果的主要因素.     

移位性髋臼骨折手术治疗的系统评价

目的 采用循证医学研究方法,系统评价移位性髋臼骨折手术治疗的功能结果、并发症及其影响因素.方法 采用MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)等搜索引擎作为检索工具,检索1966年1月至2008年12月发表的有关髋臼骨折手术治疗的文献并获取全文,根据相应的纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,然后对入选文献进行数据抽取、汇总及归纳分析. 结果共检索到869篇原始文献,有72篇符合所有入选标准,总计随访患者6509例(6549侧髋臼骨折).87.6%的患者复位质量满意,13.0%的患者复位质量差,医源性神经损伤发生率为6.0%,深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞发生率为3.9%,局部感染发生率为4.2%,异位骨化发生率为26.9%,创伤性关节炎发生率为18.0%,同侧股骨头坏死发生率为5.1%.3120例患者根据Merle d'Aubigné和Postel评分系统对临床功能结果进行评价:优46.6%,良32.4%,可11.6%,差9.5%.复位质量满意组功能结果优良率为85.5%,复位质量不满意组功能结果优良率为63.7%.824例患者根据Harris评分系统进行功能评价:优48.4%,良26.9%,可10.7%,差14.0%. 结论移位性髋臼骨折最常见的致伤原因为交通伤,占73.9%;最常见的髋臼骨折类型是后壁骨折、双柱骨折及横行伴后壁骨折,这三种类型骨折占所有骨折的62.3%;手术治疗移位性髋臼骨折,功能结果优良率为78.0%.功能结果与复位质量有密切的相关性.移位性髋臼骨折术后最常见的长期并发症是创伤性骨关节炎和异位骨化,但异位骨化多为轻度.     

Insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum without apparent trauma

A 76-year-old woman presented history of left hip joint pain on walking, which occurred after she bent to move a planter. Plain radiographs showed no fracture. Bone scintigraphy revealed accumulation, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a low signal area on T1-weighted images. We diagnosed an insufficiency fracture and pain decreased naturally on conservative treatment. Insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum should be considered when elderly patients have hip joint pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and bone scintigraphy is most useful for the diagnosis.     

Evaluation and treatment of pelvic metastases

Advances in systemic treatment of cancer have improved patients' survival and increased the number of patients presenting with metastases of the pelvic ring. Pelvic metastatic lesions may cause severe pain and functional disability. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental for the management of these lesions. Lesions of the pelvis not directly involving the hip joint such as the ischium, pubis or sacroiliac area can generally be treated non-operatively with radiation alone or using minimally invasive procedures of radiofrequency ablation, cryosurgery and percutaneous osteoplasty. Periacetabular destructive lesions may require total hip replacement with reconstruction of the acetabulum dependent on the extent of the defect. Operative treatment should restore the mechanical stability of the hip joint, and preserve the mobility, independence and comfort of these patients.     

Treatment options of pelvic and acetabular fractures in patients with osteoporotic bone

The incidence of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures in the elderly is climbing relentlessly. This increase is attributed to a greater longevity and a decrease in the incidence of alcohol-related trauma in younger adults. Often, the elderly trauma patient has compromised physiological reserve and healing capacity due to concomitant morbidities, resulting in a less favourable clinical outcome. The presence of osteopenic or osteoporotic bone and other treatments for existing comorbidities hamper some treatment alternatives, especially those designed for younger patients. Diverse clinical presentations include minor trauma, major polytrauma and insufficiency fractures. An assessment of the general health and functional status of the patient is of utmost importance to determine the optimal treatment. The different treatment options of pelvic and acetabular fractures in the presence of osteoporosis vary mainly according to the clinical presentation and include: conservative methods, percutaneous or minimally invasive procedures, open reduction and fixation, and primary total hip arthroplasty. Whichever treatment is chosen, even for elderly people, the aim is a rapid mobilisation of the patient in order to reduce complications to some extent inherent to this age group.     

Evolution of pelvic and acetabular surgery from ancient to modern times

Fracture stabilisation before the 19th century was in its infancy. The outcome was suboptimal, and quite often mortality was the end result. Advances in the stabilisation of long-bone fractures did not become apparent until the mid-1940s and for other bones, even later. In the mid-1960s, Judet and Letournel initiated a series of experimental and clinical studies focusing on pelvic and acetabular reconstruction surgery. Their work set the pace for all the subsequent advancements made in this field of surgery. Today, pelvic and acetabular reconstruction is a recognised subspecialty within the disciplines of trauma and orthopaedics. This review article traces the evolution of pelvic and acetabular surgery, from ancient to modern times.     

髂腹股沟入路相关解剖学研究

目的：为髂腹股沟入路如何避免易损伤结构提供解剖学依据。方法：对20侧成尸骨盆标本,按照手术进路的层次对相关结构和神经血管进行解剖观测。结果：（1）髂外血管与闭孔血管的吻合支直径为（2.56±0.72）mm,与耻骨联合的距离为（52.41±8.12）mm。（2）股神经由腰大肌和髂肌间穿出处至腹股沟韧带间的距离为（32.58±3.97）mm,在穿腹股沟韧带处与腹股沟韧带的垂直距离为（14.33±3.00）mm。（3）坐骨神经出骨盆时,与坐骨大切迹的距离为（15.53±3.6）mm。结论：在手术先后显露耻骨上支、髂窝及坐骨大切迹时,注意不要损伤髂外血管与闭孔血管的吻合支、股神经和坐骨神经。     

与关节置换相关的国人髋关节结构测量

背景：髋关节置换作为治疗严重髋关节疾病的重要手段已在临床广泛应用,如何更加合理地设计以及置入假体,预防术后并发症的发生,延长假体使用寿命得到越来越多的重视。 目的：测量与关节置换相关的国人髋关节假体相关数据。 设计、时间及地点：前瞻性实验,于2008-03/06在青岛大学医学院人体形态学实验中心完成。 材料：抽取青岛大学医学院人类学研究室专供科研用的长春、通辽出土的137副完整成人骨盆及股骨,其中男66副,女71副。 方法：测量全部标本的髋臼外展角、髋臼前倾角、股骨颈扭转角、股骨颈干角和股骨偏心距5项指标。所得数据输入SPSS 11.0软件行统计学分析,并与国内外同类文献资料比较。 结果：测量数据完整,无缺失值。髋臼外展角[男：(42.83±3.75)°,女：(42.07±4.12)°],髋臼前倾角[男：(15.31±6.95)°,女：(14.97±6.44)°],股骨颈扭转角[男：(6.76±9.39)°,女：(7.66±10.30)°]和股骨颈干角[男：(131.81± 5.05)°,女：(132.82±5.83)°]的性别差异较小,无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。男性股骨偏心距大于女性[(44.12±5.14), (41.07±7.25) mm,P < 0.05]。实验结果与国内文献报道相似,但异于国外数据。 结论：髋关节解剖数值的国内地区间差异较小,但与其他国家人种存在差别。适宜的假体设计有助于髋关节置换的开展和减少并发症的风险。     

Surgical techniques-How do I do it? Open reduction and internal fixation of posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum

Posterior wall fractures are the commonest type of acetabular fracture. Nonoperative management is associated with significant complications and poor outcome. Consequently, open reduction and internal fixation has become increasingly common. In this article, inaugurating the new section of “how do I do it”, we present our current approach to the treatment of posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum, including the preoperative planning, the details of the operative procedure in terms of patient's positioning and draping, surgical approach, osteosynthesis and wound closure.