OUTCOME AFTER FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR IN PAGET'S DISEASE

We reviewed ninety-three patients who had one hundred and seven complete fractures of the femur between them and were treated over a twenty-five year period in Western Australia and South Australia. Operative surgical management of complete fractures in the middle and distal thirds was usually successful. In contrast, fractures proximal to the middle third were regularly associated with non-union, implant failure and requirement for revision surgery. In view of this significant difference in outcome after fracture of the pagetic femur in different sites, a comprehensive surgical management strategy is recommended in order to avoid complications.     

Software compensation improves the analysis of heterogeneous tumor samples stained for multiparameter DNA flow cytometry

Background: High concentrations of propidium iodide (PI), in combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and R-phycoerythrin (RPE) used for multiparameter DNA flow cytometry (FCM), cause spectral cross-talk into the green fluorescence channel (FL1). We have evaluated the use of post-acquisition software compensation (N-Color Compensation) in order to correct this spectral cross-talk caused by PI. Method: Cell mixtures were prepared consisting of keratin 8/18 FITC labeled, keratin 8/18 RPE labeled, and unlabeled MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. DNA was stained with PI (100 μM). Post-acquisition software compensation was applied to correct the spectral cross-talk of PI fluorescence. Secondly, the distribution of the Ki-67 (FITC) protein during the cell cycle (PI) of SiHa cervical carcinoma cells (no software compensation) was compared to the Ki-67 expression pattern of SiHa cells, simultaneously stained for keratin 8 (RPE), after applying software compensation. Finally, software compensation was used to compare the relative levels of PCNA and p53 expression in two clinical ovarian cancer ascites specimens, stained for PCNA or p53 (FITC), keratin 8/18 (RPE), and DNA (PI), with a known p53 status (positive and negative, respectively). Results: The Ki-67 cell cycle-dependent pattern of a triply stained sample (Ki-67 (FITC), keratin 8 (RPE), and DNA (PI)) is restored after software compensation and the results are comparable to the Ki-67 distribution of a sample stained solely for Ki-67 and DNA. P53 expression could only be resolved after using software compensation in the p53 positive ovarian ascites (OA) sample. Conclusions: We conclude that software compensation is a robust and reliable post-acquisition method for the correction of RPE/PI spectral cross-talk, permitting better identification of weakly expressed proteins in heterogeneous clinical tumor samples stained for multiple cellular antigens and DNA using PI.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1在妇科疾病中的作用

在许多组织增生过程中，通过内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌会产生胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)。最近的研究发现，IGF-1存在于各种增生组织，如子宫内膜和卵巢组织。患有严重子宫内膜异位症时，血清中IGF-1水平较高，而子宫内膜局部的：IGF-1水平减低，这可能是导致不孕的原因，多囊性卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者卵巢局部的IGF-1活性增强，与患者肥胖、高雄激素水平等一系列临床症状有关。IGF-1在良、恶性肿瘤中也起着重要的作用，IGF-1能刺激子宫肌瘤细胞的生长。围绝经期妇女若存在高IGF-1和低IGF-1结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平，则患乳腺癌的风险增大。绝经前后女性的高IGF-1水平与宫颈癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌的发病率存在相关性。     

正常人汉语句子事件相关电位N400的研究

目的研究汉语句子结尾词匹配与不匹配事件相关电位N400的变化,探讨正常人汉语句子N400的特征。方法对15名21~36岁右利手健康受试者,进行汉语正常句子结尾匹配词(匹配)与句子结尾歧义词(不匹配)N400的研究。结果受试者对句子结尾词匹配与不匹配的N400成分在潜伏期及波幅有显著性差异(P<0.05),句子不匹配结尾词的N400潜伏期较长,N400波幅高。N400广泛分布于脑部各区,左侧波幅偏高。结论汉语句子结尾字匹配与不匹配的N400与字词认知中的语义密切相关,可作为一个有临床价值的认知电位而用于临床多种伴有语言障碍疾病的评估。     

妊娠黄体瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨妊娠黄体瘤（LP）的误诊原因。方法：对1例典型LP病例进行全面病理学检查和组化及免疫组化染色，与正常卵巢黄体进行对比分析，并复习文献。结果：LP均发生于妊娠后期，临床无明显自觉症状，其病理形态学、组织学、免疫组化反应与正常卵巢黄体相似。多在剖腹产时偶然发现而误为卵巢肿瘤。结论；LP为妊娠后期卵巢黄素化细胞的结节状增生，并非真性肿瘤。妊娠期出现卵巢明显增大，应首先考虑到本病的可能性。必要时术中可作活检，以避免误切卵巢。     

Ecologic Study of Lung Cancer Risk Factors in the U.S. and Japan, with Special Reference to Smoking and Diet

Lung cancer mortality rates among United States and Japanese males were compared and related to smoking and dietary data. Mortality rates increased from 1950 to 1985 in both countries, but the absolute values are consistently lower in Japan (38.2 deaths/100,000 in 1985) than in the U.S. (72.2/100,000). The proportion of smokers is higher in Japan than in the U.S. since 1955. Japanese males start smoking considerably later than U.S. males, but smoke a higher quantity of cigarettes per day. Available information on inhalation practices and yield and type of cigarettes smoked showed no differences among the two countries large enough to account for the differences in mortality rates. Further data in this regard should he obtained. Dietary data show that fat consumption (as percentage of calories) is consistently higher in the U.S. than in Japan from 1950 (40% vs. 7.9%) through 1985 (43.5% vs. 24.5%). A linear relationship is observed between lung cancer mortality and fat intake. Our data support the hypothesis that dietary habits may modulate the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoking.     

A typological model of schizophrenia based on age at onset,sex and familial morbidity

We investigated the age at onset distributions of schizophrenia in men and women and the relationship of age at onset and sex to the familial rates of schizophrenia and manic-depression in data from a Swedish family study of 270 schizophrenic probands. On the logarithmic scale, the age at onset distribution of schizophrenia in both male and female relatives was bimodal, suggesting that broadly defined schizophrenia may be a mixture of 2 (probably related) disorders. The risk of schizophrenia in relatives decreased as a function of the age at onset of the proband, irrespective of the sex of the proband or relative. In contrast, the risk of manic-depression was significantly higher in relatives of female probands with an age at onset in the twenties than in relatives of female probands with earlier or later onset, or in relatives of male probands. This suggests a third disorder related to affective psychosis, with an intermediate age at onset and female preponderance.     

High β-adrenoceptor density on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in progressive multiple sclerosis: a manifestation of autonomic dysfunction?

In multiple sclerosis (MS) up-regulation of β-adrenoceptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been attributed to either autonomic dysfunction, inflammation or a combination of the two. We have compared secondary progressive MS patients with normal subjects (NS) and two models of autonomic dysfunction; pure autonomic failure (PAF) and multiple system atrophy (MSA, Shy-Drager syndrome). There was up-regulation of β-adrenoceptors on PBMCs in MS and PAF patients but not in MSA patients. Only in PAF patients β-adrenoceptor up-regulation was correlated with low plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (Ad). In addition to studies in the basal state, measurements also were made after the centrally acting sympatholytic agent clonidine. These were combined with haemodynamic and neurohormonal measurements. After clonidine, there was a fall in blood pressure in NS and MSA patients but not in MS and PAF patients; a rise in growth hormone (GH) in NS and PAF patients but not in MS and MSA patients; and an up-regulation in PBMCs β-adrenoceptors in NS but not in MS, MSA and PAF patients. Up-regulation of β-adrenoceptors on PBMCs in MS could be attributed to autonomic dysfunction but the disparity between MS and PAF patients when considering their plasma levels of NA and Ad argue against. Although the neurohormonal responses to clonidine and the physiological assessment of autonomic function in progressive MS patients, demonstrate central autonomic dysfunction resembling that of the MSA patients, the normal basal β-adrenoceptor densities in the latter, suggests that the up-regulation of these receptors is independent of the central autonomic dysfunction in MS.     

Cognition in stroke

Introduction – Despite the current interest in criteria for vascular dementia, global, as opposed to focal, cognitive change after cerebral infarction has rarely been studied. Material and methods – We documented the neuropsychological changes one to three weeks and three months post infarct in 25 unselected patients with acute, first cerebral infarcts. Results – Improvements were seen in processes thought to have a large subcortical component and in those mediated in the right hemisphere. Memory was relatively lightly affected. Conclusion – The minimal deficits seen in memory and the predominance of subcortical changes are at variance with the currently suggested criteria for vascular dementia. Further data of this kind are needed before firm criteria can be proposed for the global pattern of cognitive changes expected in vascular dementia.     

米非司酮作用于兔输卵管收缩活动与Ca^2＋关系的研究

通过“结合化学分离与原子吸收分光光度法”对Ca^2 含量测定和离体输卵管肌条收缩记录方法，研究米非司酮（Ru486)对增加假孕（4d)兔输卵管平滑肌收缩频率，而不改变其收缩张力和振幅时与Ca^2 之间的关系，结果提示：（1）Ru486对输卵管分泌液和组织内Ca^2 的含量分布无明显影响；（2）Ru486具有降低细胞外液高Ca^2 浓度促Ca^2 内流，而使收缩增强的效应，且能协同Ca^2 通道阻断剂（Verapamil)抑制细胞外Ca^2 内流，而致收缩减弱的效应。