冠心病抗血小板治疗的循证医学新证据

冠状动脉粥样硬化所致的血管狭窄及粥样硬化斑块破裂所诱发的急性血栓形成是冠心病发病的两个主要的病理生理因素，血小板是惟一参与这两个病理生理过程的细胞，抗血小板治疗是冠心病治疗中不可缺少的重要组成部分。近年来，随着循证医学的不断发展，越来越多的有关抗血小板治疗的临床试验结果相继发布，冠心病患者的抗血小板治疗策略也在不断更新。本文主要评述近年来新发表的有关冠心病抗血小板治疗的大型临床试验及其带来的启示.     

大鼠静脉窦高压致硬膜血管变化的研究

目的探讨大鼠静脉窦高压后硬膜血管变化及其静脉窦高压在硬脑膜动静脉瘘形成中的作用。方法体重200～250g的SD雄性大鼠110只,随机分为静脉窦高压组(85只)和假手术组(25只),将静脉窦高压组85只大鼠闭塞左侧横窦和上矢状窦前1／3,并吻合右侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉,制成静脉窦高压模型。假手术组大鼠单纯解剖相应的颈部血管和硬脑膜窦,但不行吻合或闭塞。术后90d,随机取7只静脉窦高压组大鼠和5只假手术组大鼠,行硬脑膜血管明胶墨汁灌注,观察硬膜血管的状况。结果术后90d静脉窦高压组和假手术组大鼠的硬膜血管数分别为(10.7±1.5)条／mm,(10.3±0.6)条／mm,差异无显著性。在静脉窦高压组中1只大鼠有硬脑膜动静脉瘘,其形态和结构与生理性动静脉短路类似。结论大鼠静脉窦高压一段时间后,颅内硬膜血管无明显增生。颅内硬脑膜动静脉瘘的形成很可能是由动静脉间的短路发展而来。     

暗藏杀机的静脉血栓

深静脉血栓因其症状隐匿而危害极大．目前已经被公认是当前临床最难诊治的疾病之一。深静脉血栓形成在急性阶段如不及时诊断和处理．一些患者可因血栓脱落道成肺梗死。肺梗死也称肺栓塞．是一种猝死率极高的疾病。据统计．几乎50％的近端深静脉血栓患者形成了先症状肺梗死．同时80％的肺梗死患者被发现患有深静脉血栓。因此可队这么说．对静脉血栓的预防其实质就是预防肺梗死的发生。[编者按]     

血栓的形成及中药抗栓溶栓概况

血栓形成是由于正常的凝血机制的扰乱而促使某些血细胞和蛋白质被激活相互作用而最终导致血小板－纤维蛋白血栓的形成．ＡＴ－Ⅲ、ＰＣ、ＴＭ是体内重要的抗凝物质．白细胞与血小板的相互作用、ＰＧＩ２／ＴＸＡ２值以及许多疾病状态是影响血栓形成的诸因素．许多中药具有抗血小板聚集、抗血栓形成的作用，包括生物碱类，如小檗碱、北豆根碱和钩藤碱；中药蒲黄、花椒、沙棘、大蒜的提取物；一些中药复方等．     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成的CT诊断

颅内静脉窦血栓形成是一种特殊的脑血管疾病,常发生于感染后,分娩期和消耗疾病中,临床表现复杂多样而无特异性,常病情危重,病死率高,早期对病人局部溶栓等治疗效果明显。本文收集14例颅内静脉窦血栓形成的CT表现作回顾性分析,用以提高对颅内静脉窦血栓形成的CT影像特征的认识。1 临床资料 女性11例,男性3例,年龄19～52岁,平均32岁。其中10例为上矢状窦血栓,4例为乙状窦血栓。临床表现轻重不一,单纯头痛1例,其它所有患者起病时均表现头疼、呕吐,视乳头水肿的颅内高压症状,同时伴意识不清4例,单侧肢瘫5例,癫痫4例,14例中,1例经手术证实,5例DSA血管造影证实,8例经影像和临床随访证实。     

关于举办暴发性肝衰竭诊断治疗及肝移植新进展新技术学术班的通知

针对乙型肝炎病毒携带者病情突然恶化导致的重型肝炎以及因药物所致的暴发性肝衰竭增加的趋势，为提高广大医务工作者对于重型肝炎的早期诊断和合理治疗水平，首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院、医药世界杂志社、华西医学继续教育中心联合主办，中华医学会北京分会协办，于2005年8月在四川省成都市举办“暴发性肝衰竭诊断治疗及肝移植新进展新技术学术班”。学术班具体事项通知如下：     

静脉血栓栓塞的基础与临床实践(3)--诊断策略与程序

急性静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)为一常见且潜在高度死亡危险的疾病.     

汤坤标治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成经验

汤坤标主任中医师,业医30余载,学验俱丰,临床擅长外科.笔者现将其治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的经验介绍如下.