藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列的比较研究

目的 以藏汉民族线粒体基因组全序列为基础,进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生分析,在全序列水平上比较核苷酸的变异,阐释可能的变异机制和蕴含的生物学意义.方法 采用Applied Biosystems 3730DNA自动测序仪分别对40名藏族和50名汉族的标本进行线粒体DNA序列测定,应用phredPhrap 16.0软件进行全序列拼接,并以rCRS(revised Cambridge Reference Sequence)为标准与测定序列进行比对分析;根据MTTO-MAP的标准,通过Network方法进行Haplogroup构建和系统发生的分析,并结合其它方法对产生的数据进行深入解读.结果 数据分析结果显示:在系统发生上,藏汉民族90个线粒体DNA序列归类到13个Haplogroups,除M9以外,其它各Haplogroup出现频率之间比较差异无统计学意义;通过两个民族的线粒体DNA全序列比对,发现21个分布频率有统计学意义的变异位点,其中的5个为新变异位点;另外,对D-Loop区的5个突变位点进行了单倍型构建,90个标本可分为2种Supertype,发现在藏汉民族之间Supertypel和Supertype 2的分布频率均有统计学意义.结论 藏汉民族在种族起源和系统发生上具有较近的母系遗传关系;在全序列有统计学意义的位点究竟是适应性或者中性选择,抑或是一种病理性突变尚需深入的探讨.     

COQ2 mutation associated isolated nephropathy in two siblings from a Chinese pedigree

BackgroudCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in the biosynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and is most abundant in the mitochondrial membrane. The primary CoQ10 deficiency caused by COQ2 defect is mostly manifested as encephalopathy, encephalopathy with nephropathy, and rarely as an isolated nephrotic syndrome.MethodsClinical and pathological data and peripheral blood samples of 2 siblings with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and their family members of a Chinese pedigree were collected. DNA was extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing of target genes of hereditary nephropathy.ResultsCompound heterozygous mutations of COQ2 (c.1058A > G, p.Y353C, paternal and c.973A > G, p.T325A, maternal)were identified in both siblings of the pedigree. Mutation of p.Y353C was novel. The proband was a girl, who presented with SRNS at the age of 7 months. CoQ10 was administered after the gene sequencing results came out. Proteinuria decreased gradually to 1+, occasionally negative. The child was normal in growth and intelligence. She is now 4 years old. The second patient was her elder brother. He was found to have SRNS at the age of 2 years old. Renal pathology indicated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Electronic microcopy revealed that a large quantity of mitochondria with normal contour was accumulated within the podocytes. Both patients were in normal intelligence without convulsion.ConclusionThe 2 cases harboring COQ2compound heterozygous mutations presented with isolated SRNS, with a renal pathology of FSGS and a large quantity of mitochondria with normal contour accumulated within the podocytes. CoQ10 was efficacy in eliminating proteinuria.     

Fifty years of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: New insights into its structure,function, and inhibition

The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) resides in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it links cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism by transporting pyruvate produced in glycolysis into the mitochondrial matrix. Due to its central metabolic role, it has been proposed as a potential drug target for diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancers relying on mitochondrial metabolism. Little is known about the structure and mechanism of MPC, as the proteins involved were only identified a decade ago and technical difficulties concerning their purification and stability have hindered progress in functional and structural analyses. The functional unit of MPC is a hetero-dimer comprising two small homologous membrane proteins, MPC1/MPC2 in humans, with the alternative complex MPC1L/MPC2 forming in the testis, but MPC proteins are found throughout the tree of life. The predicted topology of each protomer consists of an amphipathic helix followed by three transmembrane helices. An increasing number of inhibitors are being identified, expanding MPC pharmacology and providing insights into the inhibitory mechanism. Here, we provide critical insights on the composition, structure, and function of the complex and we summarize the different classes of small molecule inhibitors and their potential in therapeutics.     

Contribution of Monoamine Oxidase(MAO) to the Binding of Tertiary Basic Drugs in Isolated Perfused Rat Lung

The effect of tertiary basic drugs on mitochondrial MAO activity and the effect of MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) on basic drug accumulation in the isolated perfused rat lung were studied to clarify the role of MAO in drug binding to lung tissue. In the perfused lung preparation, the inhibition of MAO by basic drugs correlated well with their lipid solubilities and followed competitive kinetics. The inhibitory rank order (imipramine diphenhydramine > quinine > metoclopramide > procainamide) also correlated with their accumulation in the perfused lung. Moreover, MAOI treatment decreased the accumulation of basic drugs in the lung, and the potency of MAOIs to inhibit drug accumulation in the lung correlated with their MAO inhibitory activity. These results indicate that lung MAO has specific binding sites for basic drugs and may function as a drug reservoir.     

大鼠严重烧伤早期心肌线粒体Ca2+转运变化及其机制研究

目的 探讨严重烧伤早期心肌线粒体Ca^2 转运变化及其发生机制。方法 复制30%Ⅲ度烫伤大鼠模型,测定伤后1、3、6、12、24h大鼠心肌线粒体Ca^2 转运速率,同时检测影响Ca^2 转运的相关指标--心肌细胞胞浆Ca^2 浓度（[Ca^2 ]c）、线粒体膜电位及ATP含量。结果 伤后1h心肌线粒体Ca^2 摄取速率明显升高,而Ca^2 释放速率无明显改变,但3、6、12、24h心肌线粒体Ca^2 摄取与释放速率、线粒体膜电位、ATP含量均显著降低,且烧伤后线粒体Ca^2 摄取速率与膜电位呈明显正相关,Ca^2 释放速率与线粒体ATP含量呈显著正相关。而伤后3、6、12、24h[Ca^2 ]c均明显高于正常对照组。结论 ①烧伤初始心肌线粒体Ca^2 摄取加强,伤后续阶段线粒体Ca^2 转运紊乱;②线粒体膜电位下降、ATP含量降低是烧伤后续阶段心肌线粒体Ca^2 转运紊乱的主要原因,伤后[Ca^2 ]c升高或有升高趋势也参与严重烧伤早期心肌线粒体Ca^2 转运变化的发生。     

复方柴胡汤加减对大鼠酒精性肝损伤形态学和线粒体的定量研究

目的：探讨中药复方对酒精性肝损伤的防护作用。方法：形态学观察（光镜,电镜）应用MPIAS－500病理图文分析系统做线粒体定量分析（面积,周长,等效直径,平均光密度）,结果：光镜损伤组肝细胞破坏明显,呈气球样变,有酒精小体,汇管区有炎细胞浸润,而防治组与正常组相似,肝小叶排列规则,细胞体积大,分界清晰,电镜损伤组细胞不规则,胞质疏松,含大量脂滴,而防治组与正常组相似,核大而规则,含丰富的细胞器,无或少量脂滴,线粒体各指标损伤组与防治组差异显著（P＜0．01）。结论：本中药复方对酒精性肝损伤具有一定的防护作用。     

大鼠肝细胞线粒体周围内质网的体视觉分析

目的：D直细胞与其周围内质网的结构关系,方法：使用钻占石刀对肝组织进行连续切片,电镜下观察线粒体及其周围内质网的三维结构。对肝细胞细胞器,特别是线粒体及其周围内质网进行体视学分析。结果：几乎所有的线粒体都在内质网的包绕下工作,在整个肝细胞内有26％的RER的32％的SER贴附近线粒体的周围。结论：肝细胞线粒体通常在内质网在包绕下执行生理功能,二者是结构和功能紧密联系的整体。