A Comparative Study on the Effect of BCG-PSN and Thymopeptides on T-lymphocyte Subsets of Normal and Immunosuppressed Mice

Polysaccharidenucleicacidfractionofbacilluscalmetteguerin (BCG PSN ,SiqikangInjection)andthymopeptidesarenowtwowidelyusedimmunomod ulatorsinclinicalpractice .Theyareusuallyusedasanadjuvanttherapyforvirusinfection ,autoimmunediseasesandneoplasms ,whichhavebeenclinicallyprovedtobeeffective .Somereportsdemonstratedthattheybothcanstimulatetheproliferationanddif ferentiationofT lymphocytes.However ,theexactmechanismshavenotbeenelucidatedyet .InordertocomparetheirmodulatingmechanismsonT lympho c…     

香烟烟雾吸入对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后梗死灶的影响

目的 观察香烟烟雾吸入对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后梗死灶的影响，探讨其机制。方法 建立吸烟大鼠模型。用TTC染色法测定梗死灶体积，检测大鼠局灶性脑缺血后神经功能缺陷评分及梗死灶体积占同侧半球百分比。结果 除戒烟组外各吸烟组大鼠神经功能缺陷评分及梗死灶体积与对照组相比显著增加，吸烟4周、8周及12周依次增加。戒烟组神经功能评分及梗死体积明显低于吸烟4周组，与对照组无显著差别。结论 吸烟可加重大鼠局灶性脑缺血后脑组织损害，且随着吸烟时间增加而加重，戒烟可使这种脑损害得到一定程度的恢复。     

重视心血管病流行病学研究工作

自 2 0世纪 90年代 ,心血管病已逐渐成为我国城乡居民的第一位死因 ,目前已占总死亡人数的近40 %。心血管病也是造成劳动力损失、生活质量下降、疾病负担增加的主要原因。据不完全统计资料估计 ,我国每年新发冠心病事件 (包括急性心肌梗死、冠心病猝死和慢性冠心病死亡 )约 1 3 0万例次 ,脑卒中约 40 0万例次。全国现有 1 .1亿高血压患者 ,1亿多血脂异常者 ,3 0 0 0万糖尿病患者。人群中有一半以上的人至少具有 1种心血管病危险因素。心血管疾病以其高发病率、高致残率、高病死率及高治疗费用 ,严重制约了我国经济发展和人民生活水平及生存…     

正常儿童椎体骨髓转换过程中磁共振信号强度的变化

目的:分析椎体骨髓磁共振T1WI信号强度比值(SIR)与年龄、性别的关系,探讨正常儿童椎体骨髓转换的发生规律.方法:回顾性分析105例正常儿童的脊柱磁共振T1加权序列图像,同时选择血液系统疾病患儿共32例作为病例组对照研究.采用GE 0.2T Profile Gold永磁型开放式磁共振扫描仪行脊柱矢状面SE T1WI扫描.测定椎体磁共振SIR,并对所获得的数据与年龄、性别的关系及正常组和病例组间的比较进行统计学处理.结果:椎体SIR值与年龄变化的关系研究表明,颈椎、腰椎骨髓SIR值与年龄呈正相关,统计学具有显著性意义(P＜0.01),而胸椎骨髓SIR值则与年龄无显著相关性(P=0.06);无论是颈椎、胸椎还是腰椎的SIR值与性别均无显著相关性(P＞0.05);病例组患儿椎体T1信号强度较正常组儿童明显减低,各年龄组病例与正常组间的SIR值差异均具有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:儿童年龄段(0～17岁)颈椎和腰椎骨髓转换发生较早,5岁后的骨髓信号较前发生明显增高,而且血液系统疾病患者椎体骨髓T1信号较正常显著减低.因此,利用SIR定量测定法对弥漫性骨髓疾病具有更高的敏感性.     

The predictive value of specific immunoglobulin E levels for the first diagnosis of cow''s milk allergy. A critical analysis of pediatric literature

Investigators have tried to identify a level of seric specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) that had a sufficient predictive value to diagnose a food allergy without having will resort to the food challenge. To search in literature, all the studies that have estimated the possibility to identify a level of seric specific cow milk IgE with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95% for the first diagnosis of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in pediatric age. We have identified six studies, nearly all studies suffer from relevant methodological bias. Proposed cut-off are all different. The studied pediatric populations were highly selected. Also neglecting the methodological bias of the studies and the great difference of value between the proposed cut-off, it always remains to consider that the pre-test probability of having a CMA between the children enrolled in the six studies included in this review is particularly high. The likelihood ratio helps to transfer the results of a study on a diagnostic test just to our population, and it is more realistic rather than to entrust itself to the PPV or the negative predictive value, that are much influenced from the prevalence of the disease in the studied population.     

消化系疾患的血清氨基酸检测

本文报告50名正常人及73例消化系疾病患者血清游离氨基酸检测结果。使用氨基酸自动分析仪,对血中40余种氨基酸组分进行定性定量测定。肝硬化病人芳香氨基酸显著升高,支/芳分子比值明显低于正常值(P<0.01),甲硫氨酸、色氨酸均升高.肝脓疡.消化道肿瘤患者也有此种变化(P<0.05)。统计21种组分中,各病理组有10多种组分有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。结果提示:血液氨基酸测定可为某些消化系疾患,尤其是肝病的诊治提供较好指标。本文改进自动分析条件,节省时间。节约试剂。     

Plasma Ratios of Tryptophan and Tyrosine to Other Large Neutral Amino Acids in Manic-Depressive Patients

Abstract: The plasma ratio of each neutral amino acid (tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine (TYR), valine, isoleucine, leucine (LEU) or phenylalanine) to the sum of the other neutral amino acids was measured in 16 : manic and 14 : depressed patients. In the manics, there was a correlation between the psychomotor activity and the plasma TRP and LEU ratios. In the depressives, the depressed mood, retardation and global severity were correlated with the TRP ratio. The zotepine responders showed an increase in the TRP ratio after treatment. In the mianserin responders, the TYR ratio, which was high before the treatment, decreased to the normal range after the treatment. But, the plasma amino acid ratios remained unchanged in the patients treated with lithium carbonate or amitriptyhe. These results suggest that, in manic-depressive illness, there might be abnormalities in the metabolism of neutral amino acids, mainly of TRP and TYR, and that the plasma TRP and TYR ratios might be important indicators for determining the efflcacy of some drugs.     

Effect of compressive follower preload on the flexion-extension response of the human lumbar spine.

Traditional experimental methods are unable to study the kinematics of whole lumbar spine specimens under physiologic compressive preloads because the spine without active musculature buckles under just 120 N of vertical load. However, the lumbar spine can support a compressive load of physiologic magnitude (up to 1200 N) without collapsing if the load is applied along a follower load path. This study tested the hypothesis that the load-displacement response of the lumbar spine in flexion-extension is affected by the magnitude of the follower preload and the follower preload path. Twenty-one fresh human cadaveric lumbar spines were tested in flexion-extension under increasing compressive follower preload applied along two distinctly different optimized preload paths. The first (neutral) preload path was considered optimum if the specimen underwent the least angular change in its lordosis when the full range of preload (0-1200 N) was applied in its neutral posture. The second (flexed) preload path was optimized for an intermediate specimen posture between neutral and full flexion. A twofold increase in flexion stiffness occurred around the neutral posture as the preload was increased from 0 to 1200 N. The preload magnitude (400 N and larger) significantly affected the range of motion (ROM), with a 25% decrease at 1200 N preload applied along the neutral path. When the preload was applied along a path optimized for an intermediate forward-flexed posture, only a 15% decrease in ROM occurred at 1200 N. The results demonstrate that whole lumbar spine specimens can be subjected to compressive follower preloads of in vivo magnitudes while allowing physiologic mobility under flexion-extension moments. The optimized follower preload provides a method to simulate the resultant vector of the muscles that allow the spine to support physiologic compressive loads induced during flexion-extension activities.     

吉林省七年鼠情监测结果分析

吉林省经七年来的鼠情监测,基本查清与人们接触密切的鼠类,特别是传播疾病的主要鼠类的分布规律,分析出我省家鼠有两个高峰(6月和10～11月),野鼠也有两个高峰(6月和10月),这与我省流行性出血热两个高峰相吻合,鼠峰在病峰之前。1986年以后,由于我省开展大规模灭家鼠活动,家鼠高峰已不存在规律性。通过几年来的灭鼠活动,使家鼠密度呈下降趋势,城镇褐家鼠和小家鼠构成比发生变化。城镇未爆发家鼠型流行性出血热。鼠情监测为灭鼠防病工作提供了科学依据。     

Lipoprotein lipase in relation to inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To evaluate the impact of chronic inflammation on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels and triglyceride metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Design. Plasma levels of LPL activity and mass before and after heparin were determined in post-menopausal women with active RA and in controls. The results were related to lipid levels and inflammatory variables. The LPL activity and mass together with triglyceride levels were also measured before and 6 h after an oral fat load. Setting. The study was performed on in- and out-patients at a University Rheumatology clinic. The controls came from the same reference area. Subjects. Altogether 17 consecutive post-menopausal female patients with RA and 16 age and sex matched controls were enrolled for the initial determination of LPL. Fifteen of the patients and 15 of the controls agreed to take part in the fat load. Of these, one patient and one control were excluded. Main outcome measures. LPL determination: basal levels and post-heparin levels of LPL activity and mass. Correlations between LPL and blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides), lipoprotein levels (high density lipoprotein, HDL; low density lipoprotein, LDL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) acute phase proteins (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, fibrinogen mass) and cytokines (tumour necrosis factor α, TNF-α; interleukin 1β, IL-1β; and interleukin-6, IL-6). Fat tolerance test: LPL activity, mass and triglyceride levels before and 6 h after a per oral fat load. Results. Pre-heparin LPL mass (P<0.01) and activity (P<0.01) were significantly lower in the rheumatoid patients. Pre-heparin LPL mass showed no correlation to the lipid levels, but an inverse correlation to several inflammatory parameters; it was significant for orosomucoid (r_s=?0.63, P<0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r_s=?0.54, P<0.05) and close to significant for haptoglobin (r_s=?0.48, P=0.087) and IL-6 (r_s=?0.52, P=0.061). Six hours after a lipid load the LPL activity and mass were significantly lower in RA (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) but the triglyceride level was not significantly different compared to controls. Conclusion. An inverse relationship exists between inflammatory status and pre-heparin LPL mass. Pre-heparin LPL mass reflects mainly the inactive monomeric fraction of LPL. This has been shown to hinder the uptake of remnant lipoprotein particles through competition with lipoprotein bound dimeric LPL for the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP receptor) on hepatocytes and macrophages in culture. A decrease of the level of monomeric LPL in plasma may thus be beneficial for remnant catabolism. The same mechanism may on the other hand increase macrophage uptake of lipids. This may not affect global lipid metabolism but may be important in driving the atherosclerotic process in the vessel wall.