The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the small intestine of mice with intestinal radiation sickness

ＴｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｍａｌｌｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎｅｏｆｍｉｃｅｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｓｉｃｋｎｅｓｓＷｅｉＬｉｃｈｕｎ（魏丽春）；ＧｕｏＹａｏ（郭鹞）（...     

Clinicopathologic and mucin histochemical analyses of 90 cases of ovarian mucinous borderline tumors of intestinal and müllerian types

Clinicopathologlc and mucin histochemical characteristics of 90 cases of ovarian mucinous borderline tumors (MBT) of Intestinal (IMET) and müllerian types (MMBT) were studied to determine whether IMBT and MMBT constitute distinct tumor subtypes. The IMBT (77 cases, 78 lesions) contained goblet cells, absorptive cells and endocrine cells, which represented Intestinal differentiation. The average diameter of IMBT was 13.4 cm. Five patients (6.5%) had stage III disease wtth pseudomyxoma perltonel and one of them died from tumor. Approximately 50% of IMBT demonstrated gastrointestinal characteistics on mucin histochemistry. The MMBT (13 cases, 14 lesions) consisted of mumus columnar cells and eosinophilic cells, with no Intestinal differentiation. MMBT accounted for 15.2% of MBT. MMBT averaged 8.4 cm in diameter, and 29% were associated with endometriosls of the ipsilateral ovary. All patients with MMBT had stage I disease, and none suffered from pseudomyxoma peritonel. All patients whose follow-up data were available were alive and well, without evidence of tumor recurrence. The mucin histochemical findings in MMBT resembled those of noml endocervix. Results of the present study suggest that IMBT and MMBT have different characteristics and constitute distinct subtypes of MBT.     

THE EFFECT OF SOME α2-ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT IN MICE: INFLUENCE OF MORPHINE, CASTOR OIL AND GLUCOSE

1. The effects of graded doses of the α₂-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine, tizanidine and BHT-920, and the α₂-adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine and idazoxan, on gastrointestinal transit were investigated in mice using the charcoal meal test. 2. The agonists produced significant and dose-dependent decreases in gastrointestinal transit, and the antagonists produced the opposite effect. In affecting the gastrointestinal transit, clonidine (1 mg/kg) was as effective as tizanidine (12 mg/kg) and BHT-920 (40 mg/kg), while yohimbine (2 mg/kg) was as effective as idazoxan (1 mg/kg). 3. Morphine (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastrointestinal transit. This effect was significantly reversed by the co-administration of yohimbine (2 mg/kg) and idazoxan (1 mg/kg). 4. The acute administration of glucose (5.04 g/kg, i.p.) potentiated the inhibition of gastrointestinal transit produced by clonidine (1 mg/kg) and BHT-920 (40 mg/kg). Glucose treatment, however, had no significant effect on the increase in gastrointestinal transit induced by yohimbine (2 mg/kg) or idazoxan (1 mg/kg). 5. Castor oil (0.25 mL/mouse, orally) induced diarrhoea in saline-treated animals within about 45 min. Clonidine (1 mg/kg), tizanidine (12 mg/kg) and BHT-920 (40 mg/kg) delayed the occurrence of diarrhoea to 2.1, 1.2 and 1.4 h, respectively.     

Is it possible to prevent bacterial adhesion onto ureteric stents?

The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of bactericidal coatings or immersion in antibiotic solution reduces or prevents bacterial adhesion onto ureteric stents. Precut segments of full silicone, silver-coated and hydrogel-coated ureteric stents were incubated with two uropathogenic bacterial strains with and without previous immersion in antibiotic solution. Tobramycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin solutions were used, as these antibiotics are commonly administered for the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). Microbiological analysis showed that immersion of ureteric stents in ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin yielded a significant reduction of bacterial adhesion, whereas immersion in tobramycin did not. The surface material of the stents had no direct influence on bacterial adhesion. In this experimental study, neither the silver nor the hydrogel coat reduced bacterial adhesion onto ureteric stents whereas immersion in a suitable antibiotic solution significantly reduced and even prevented this phenomenon, probably due to the adhesion of the antibiotic onto the stent surface. Prevention of bacterial adhesion onto ureteric stents is essential to reduce the risk of UTI in connection with these devices.     

应用吻合器行中、下段直肠癌切除术后吻合口漏──附10例报告

我科自１９８１年３月至１９９１年１２月应用吻合器行中、下段直肠癌切除术６７例，同期发生吻合口漏１０例（１４９％）。本文分析了吻合口漏发生的因素。病变部位、病灶范围、术中操作技术、术前肠道灌洗以及术后骶前引流是影响吻合口漏的重要因素。本文总结了吻合口漏的治疗方法，提倡保守治疗，或加作暂时性横结肠造口术。     

Fluid shear induced endothelial cell detachment from glass - influence of adhesion time and shear stress

In this study, human umbilical vein and human saphenous vein endothelial cells were seeded on glass and exposed to fluid shear in a parallel-plate flow chamber. Cell retention, morphology and migration were studied as a function of shear stress and of adhesion time prior to exposure to shear. Three-hour and 24-h adhesion times gave rise to comparable cell retention values after 2 h of flow for both cell types. Cell retention decreased from 85 to 20% as shear stress increased from 88 to 264 dynes cm⁻² (8.8 to 26 Pa). Mean spreading areas decreased after the onset of flow, but subsequently stabilized to plateau values, which were smaller at higher shear stresses. Shape factors increased faster to higher values as cells were exposed to higher shear stresses, without any obvious preference in orientation of the cells with respect to the direction of flow. Migration was unidirectional with flow and linear with time. Migration was faster for cells which had adhered for 24 h than for cells which had adhered for 3 h and was accompanied by the presence of fibrillar structures left behind on the surface upstream of migrating cells. It is concluded that after 3 h adhesion to glass, cells have adhered with an adhesion strength that does not substantially increase during the next 21 h. However, during this time changes in cell-substratum interactions seem to occur judging by the differences in, e.g., migration rates.     

表皮生长因子对全胃肠外营养大部小肠切除大鼠肠适应的实验研究

目的：观察应用表皮生长因子(EGF)对全胃肠外营养(TPN)大部小肠切除大鼠残存小肠黏膜的代偿作用。方法：30只大鼠切除80％小肠后分为对照组、常规TPN组、TPN EGF组，观测体重、小肠黏膜形态学改变，流式细胞仪分析肠黏膜细胞增殖活性。结果：术后3组大鼠体重逐渐降低，1周后渐增加。3组间差异无显著性。TPN组小肠肠壁各层均变薄，黏膜萎缩。TPN EGF组肠黏膜厚度、绒毛高度、隐窝深度较TPN组均增加，S期细胞比率系数、增殖指数TPN EGF组较TPN组高，而TPN捐与对照绸差异无昂著件。结论：TPN联合EGF可晟著地增讲肠黏膜的适应性代偿。     

成孔素和颗粒酶在体内的表达──活化杀伤细胞的有效诊断标志

成孔素和颗粒酶在体内的表达──活化杀伤细胞的有效诊断标志陈永良译余传霖校（郧阳医学院免疫学教研室十堰４４２０００）细胞毒淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）胞内特殊颗粒中含有一组专一性的具有细胞毒活性的蛋白质，这些颗粒和完整的杀伤性细胞一样能够溶解靶细胞．可能还有其它...     

Kinetic study of glomerular epithelial cells associated with segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesion in spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats

Background We previously found that glomerular epithelial cells play an important role in the formation of adhesive lesions. Glomerular sclerotic lesions develop after the inital adhesive lesions. Methods Two series of experiments were done with spontaneously diabetic WBN/Kob rats. These rats develop segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with aging. The first series of experiments was intended to clarify the kinetics of glomerular cells on progressive glomerular damage in these rats. The second series of experiments was designed to study the relationship between proliferation (judged by % bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells) of glomerlar epithelial cells and sclerotic lesions with adhesions. Results In the first series, rats having increased proteinuria showed segmental glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesions. At the same time, increased labeling indices of tuft cells and epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule were observed. In the second series, no significant increase in the labeling indices of tuft cells with sclerotic lesions was observed, compared to tuft cells without sclerotic lesions. In sclerotic lesions with adhesion, bromodeoxyurdine-positive cells were observed that were not distinguishable as podocytes or epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule. The highest labelling index was noted in the epithelial cells of Bowman's capsules with sclerosis. Conclusion This study shows that the proliferation of glomerular epithelial cells (mainly epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule) occurs in glomerular sclerotic lesions with adhesions.