Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Preoperative Staging of Adenocarcinoma of the Distal Oesophagus and Oesophagogastric Junction

Background: Endoscopic ultrasonography is considered to be the most accurate procedure in the preoperative staging of oesophageal carcinoma. Its accuracy was evaluated in the preoperative staging of adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction. Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction were preoperatively examined and staged by means of endoscopic ultrasonography. All patients underwent radical en bloc resection of the oesophagus and proximal stomach (or total gastrectomy) with standard lymphadenectomy including thoracic duct and mediastinal fat tissue. The postoperative histopathologic TNM stage was taken as reference. Results: An endoscopic ultrasonography examination could be completed in 26 of the patients; the other 6 had obstructive tumour. In two patients infiltration of the tumour into the vital organs (in one patient aortic infiltration and in a second patient pericardial infiltration) was incorrectly suspected. The ability to predict T stage was 65.6%. T stage was overstaged in 31.2% and understaged in 3.1% of the cases. The ability to predict N stage was 71.9%. N stage was overstaged in 25.0% and understaged 3.1% of the cases. Conclusions: In adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction endoscopic ultrasonography helps in predicting resectability, but the exact TN staging is not accurate. Since early detection of tumour and aggressive surgical intervention constitute the only curative treatment, caution must be exercised when judging a patient to be inoperable solely on the basis of endoscopic ultrasonography findings without proven distant metastases.     

Limits and perspective of oral therapy with statins and aspirin for the prevention of symptomatic cholesterol gallstone disease

The prevalence of gallstones disease in Western countries is 10 – 15%. Gallstones can be one of two types – cholesterol or pigment – with cholesterol gallstones representing nearly the 80% of the total. Cholesterol and pigment gallstones have different predisposing factors: cholesterol gallstones are related to supersaturated bile in cholesterol, whereas black pigment gallstones are related to hyperbilirubinbilia factors (hemolysis, etc.); these are necessary, but not sufficient, factors to produce gallstones in vivo. Gall bladder mucosa factors (gall bladder secretion of mucin, local bile stasis and production of endogenous biliary β-glucuronidase) may coexist with the aforementioned factors and facilitate gallstone nucleation and growth. The gold-standard treatment for symptomatic gallstones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several studies have reported a significant reduction in the onset of symptomatic gallstones disease in patients undergoing chronic therapy with statins, which can reduce bile cholesterol saturation. Aspirin, which has been shown to reduce the local production of gall bladder mucins (mucosal or parietal factors of gallstone formation) in animal experimental models, does not appear to reduce the risk of symptomatic gallstones disease when tested alone. The new horizon of oral therapy for the prevention of symptomatic gallstone disease needs to evaluate the long-term effect of statins and chronic aspirin administration in patients with dyslipidemia and/or atherosclerosis.     

改良Ranson评分评估胆源性胰腺炎严重度及预后的价值

目的比较APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分及改良Ranson评分对胆源性急性胰腺炎严重程度及其预后评估的临床价值。方法回顾并分析328例胆源性急性胰腺炎患者的病历资料,进行APACHEⅡ评分、改良Ranson评分及Ranson评分。应用ROC曲线分析比较3种评分系统预测胆源性急性胰腺炎严重程度及其评估预后的能力。结果 328例胆源性急性胰腺炎中诊断为重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)72例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)256例,SAP和MAP组的年龄、性别构成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各评分系统的分值数据两两相关;改良Ranson评分预测胆源性急性胰腺炎严重程度较APACHEⅡ评分及Ranson评分有优势,在SAP中预测胰腺坏死的发生较APACHEⅡ评分有优势。改良Ranson评分预测胆源性SAP的最佳cut-off值为2,其敏感性为81.94%、特异性为75.78%、阳性预测值为48.8%、阴性预测值为93.7%。结论改良Ranson评分较APACHEII及Ranson评分系统对胆源性急性胰腺炎严重程度的预测有一定的优势。     

高原地区胆道结石并发急性胰腺炎患者的护理

目的探讨高原地区胆道结石并发急性胰腺炎患者的护理方法。方法对2006年1月至2010年12月青海高原地区医院收治的71例胰腺炎患者的护理进行回顾性分析。结果经精心治疗与护理,本组71例患者中67例患者痊愈出院,4例患者因术后并发症而死亡。结论精心的治疗与护理、严密的病情观察是患者康复的基础和保证。     

两种术式对胆囊结石者术后免疫及炎症反应的影响

目的:对比分析行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与传统开腹胆囊切除术(OC)的胆囊结石患者术后免疫炎症反应相关指标水平的变化.方法:分析2010年1月~2014年9月在我院行手术治疗的106例胆囊结石患者的临床资料.随机将入选者划分成观察组(LC术,51例)和对照组(OC,55例)两组.比较两组患者的基线资料、手术相关指标、手术前后的炎性指标及免疫指标水平的变化.结果:两组患者的基线资料无统计学差异.两组患者的手术时间无显著性差异,而观察组患者的术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后并发症发生率均低于对照组.两组患者术前炎性指标均无统计学差异,术后3d时观察组患者的CRP及TNF-α水平明显低于对照组.术前两组患者的CD4+%、CD8+%及CD4+/CD8+比例均无统计学差异,术后3d时观察组患者的CD4+%、CD8+%及CD4+/CD8+均显著高于对照组.结论:在有效缓解胆囊结石患者术后机体免疫炎症反应的严重程度方面,LC术较OC术优秀,且总疗效更高,值得推广.     

全麻术中胆囊压力的测量及其临床价值

目的初步探讨全麻术中测量胆囊压力的临床价值。方法选择我院2014年1月至2015年12月收治的胆囊结石及息肉患者208例,分为7组:胆囊息肉组、胆囊结石组、胆囊结石并息肉组、胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎组、胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎组、胆囊管结石组、胆囊管结石嵌顿组,全麻术中测量各组胆囊压力。结果胆囊息肉组28例,平均压力(11.18±4.23)cm H_2O;胆囊结石组56例,平均压力(11.82±3.29)cm H_2O;胆囊结石并息肉组31例,平均压力(9.94±3.37)cm H_2O;胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎组38例,平均压力(13.42±5.56)cm H_2O;胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎组21例,平均压力(13.62±7.90)cm H_2O;胆囊管结石组10例,平均压力(19.20±4.94)cm H_2O;胆囊管结石嵌顿组16例,平均压力(45.25±26.98)cm H_2O。胆囊管结石组及胆囊管结石嵌顿组这2组的胆囊压力高于其他5组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全麻术中胆囊压力的升高与胆囊管梗阻相关,胆囊压力超过19.2 cm H_2O提示可能存在胆囊管结石。     

多序列MRI检查在胆系结石诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨胆系结石MRI检出的适宜序列,评价MRI推测胆系结石类型的可行性。方法:回顾性分析临床诊断胆石症,且手术取出最大径＞8 mm的胆囊或胆管结石的30例患者。术前行上腹部轴面三维脂肪抑制快速扰相梯度回波（3D-FSPGR-FS T1WI）、脂肪抑制快速扰相梯度回波（FSPGR-FS T1WI）、稳态采集快速成像（FIESTA）和脂肪抑制快速自旋回波（FSE-FS T2WI）序列扫描。30例患者中,胆色素石16例,胆固醇石14例。观察各序列结石的信号特点,测量信号强度,计算结石检出率。采用 McNemar′s检验对各序列胆系结石的检出率差异进行组间比较。采用Mann-Whitney U 检验比较胆色素石与胆固醇石各序列信号强度之间的差异。结果:3D-FSPGR-FS T1WI和FIESTA序列对胆系结石的检出率分别为93.33%（28/30）和96.67%（29/30）。胆色素石在3D-FSPGR-FS T1WI上表现特征性高信号, 绝大部分胆固醇石在所有MRI序列中为均匀或混杂的低信号。3D-FSPGR-FS T1WI上,胆色素石的信号强度高于胆固醇石[146.3（42.12）vs.32.15（35.61）,P<0.000 1]。结论:3D-FSPGR-FS T1WI和FIESTA序列对胆系结石的检出率高,3D-FSPGR-FS T1WI有助于结石的分类。     

胆汁泡相与微胶粒相的蛋白质表达谱对比观察

目的 采用比较蛋白质组学技术研究胆固醇结石患者胆囊汁汁的胆汁泡相与微胶粒相的蛋白质表达谱的差异,为探索胆石成因提供实验依据.方法 密度梯度超速离心法制备胆汁泡相和微胶粒相,提取蛋白,构建相应的蛋白质表达谱,ImageMaster图像分析软件获得差异蛋白点信息,质谱鉴定差异表达蛋白.结果 胆汁泡相与微胶粒相总蛋门浓度分别为(1.5358 4±0.0682)mg/ml、(7.1222 4±0.2022)mg/ml(P<0.01).两组组内蛋白质平均匹配点数分别为120 4±24和198 4±37,组间72 4±16个蛋白质点相互匹配,匹配率为45.30%.胆汁泡相与微胶粒相成功鉴定出差异蛋白质点8个,泡相中6个点表达上调,2个点表达下调.视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)和白蛋白(HSA)丰度差异为免疫印迹法证实.结论 初步建立了胆同醇结石患者胆囊胆汁的胆汁泡相和微胶粒相蛋白表达谱,分析、鉴定了差异蛋白点,为筛选胆固醇结石形成关键调控子提供依据.     

胆石性胰腺炎的病因分析与治疗

目的探讨胆石性胰腺炎的病因和治疗。方法回顾性分析１８例胆石性胰腺炎的病因及治疗。结果经手术加生长抑素和ＴＰＮ治疗,均获治愈。结论“共同开口”处结石的嵌顿、胆汁的返流和胰管压力的升高是其发病条件,而胰管和壶腹部的解剖特点是其发病基础。