Incidence and prevalence of the sexual dysfunctions: A critical review of the empirical literature

The research which has assessed the incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunctions is reviewed. Twenty-three studies are evaluated. Studies completed with community samples indicate a current prevalence of 5–10% for inhibited female orgasm, 4–9% for male erectile disorder, 4–10% for inhibited male orgasm, and 36–38% for premature ejaculation. Stable community estimates with regard to the current prevalence of female sexual arousal disorder, vaginismus, and dyspareunia are not available. Recent studies completed with clinical samples suggest an increase in the frequency of orgasmic and erectile dysfunction and a decrease in premature ejaculation as presenting problems. Desire disorders have increased as presenting problems in sex clinics, with recent data indicating that males outnumber females. Methodological limitations of these studies are identified and suggestions for future research are offered.     

凝血机制紊乱在SIRS发展中的作用

凝血机制紊乱在全身炎症反应综合症(SIRS)发展、恶化过程中起重要作用．对SIRS时凝血系统紊乱的形成机制、在SIRS发生发展过程中的作用及其对病情危重程度的预测价值作一综述．     

小檗碱对大鼠阴茎海绵体磷酸二酯酶5mRNA水平的影响

目的 :检测大鼠阴茎海绵体中磷酸二酯酶 5 (PDE5 )mRNA的表达 ,进而探讨小檗碱 (berberine ,Ber)的分子作用机制。　方法 :通过逆转录酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术检测大鼠阴茎海绵体中PDE5mRNA的表达。　结果 :大鼠阴茎海绵体中有PDE5A1和PDE5A2mRNA的表达 ,以PDE5A2为主要的异构酶。与内参照 β 肌动蛋白相比 ,对照组、Ber孵育 1和 3h组的PDE5A1及PDE5A2基因mRNA的相对表达量分别为 :0 .2 2± 0 .0 2 ,0 .4 1± 0 .0 1 ;0 .1 5± 0 .0 1 ,0 .34± 0 .0 2 ;0 .1 0± 0 .0 1 ,0 .1 2± 0 .0 1。与对照组相比 ,PDE5A1、PDE5A2的mRNA表达 ,在Ber孵育 1h组降低了 32 %和 1 7%,3h组降低了 5 5 %和 71 %,其中尤以应用Ber 3h后PDE5A2的mRNA减少最为明显 (n =5 ,P <0 .0 1 )。　结论 :Ber对NO cGMP信号通路的下游关键酶 (PDE5 )具有一定的调控作用 ,尤其是抑制PDE5A2的mRNA表达 ,为Ber治疗勃起功能障碍的分子机制之一。     

阻塞性黄疸患者并发肾功能损害时血清一氧化氮的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨阻塞性黄疸患者并发肾功能损害时血清一氧化氮 (NO)的变化及其临床意义。方法　对 2 5例阻塞性黄疸并发肾功能损害患者的血清NO、一氧化氮合成酶 (NOS)活性、BUN和Cr值进行检测 ,并以 2 6例健康者作为正常对照。结果　阻塞性黄疸组BUN和Cr高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,而NO和NOS则低于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1 )。相关分析显示 ,NO与BUN和Cr呈负相关关系 ,其相关系数分别为 - 0 .41 9和 - 0 .553(P<0 .0 1 )。结论　阻塞性黄疸并发肾功能损害时其血清NO和NOS下降 ,提示NO在阻塞性黄疸时对肾功能有一定保护作用     

Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: the SCOPA-AUT.

We developed a questionnaire to assess autonomic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Based on the results of a postal survey in 46 PD patients, 21 multiple system atrophy patients, and 8 movement disorders specialists, items were included according to their frequency, burden, and clinical relevance. The questionnaire was evaluated in 140 PD patients and 100 controls, and test-retest reliability was established in a sample of 55 PD patients. The SCOPA-AUT consists of 25 items assessing the following regions: gastrointestinal (7), urinary (6), cardiovascular (3), thermoregulatory (4), pupillomotor (1), and sexual (2 items for men and 2 items for women) dysfunction. Test-retest reliability was good. Autonomic problems increased significantly with increasing disease severity for all autonomic regions, except sexual dysfunction. We conclude that SCOPA-AUT is a reliable and valid questionnaire that evaluates autonomic dysfunction in PD.     

女性伴侣在勃起功能障碍的诊治中的重要地位

女性伴侣在勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)中的地位日益受到重视。女性伴侣的性体验受到ED的严重不良影响,而她们对ED这个问题所采取的态度会直接影响男性患者寻求和坚持治疗的行为。因此在ED治疗的临床实践中,应同时考虑女性伴侣的作用。研究表明,伐地那非不仅可有效提高男性患者的勃起功能,还能显著改善女性伴侣的性生活质量,是ED伴侣双方的理想解决方案。     

勃起功能障碍基因治疗研究进展

近年来基因治疗被尝试用于勃起功能障碍(ED)治疗的动物实验,许多研究发现基因治疗方案对各种类型的ED均有一定的治疗作用。特别是在左旋精氨酸-一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷通路、离子通道、勃起神经和海绵体血管内皮细胞的修复保护等方面的基因治疗研究显示,基因治疗ED有一定的疗效。但应用基因治疗来治疗ED患者,目前仍有较多的困难,暂时无法应用于临床。本综述旨在对该领域的最新研究进展做一个简单的介绍和展望。     

阴茎背深静脉包埋术治疗勃起功能障碍5例

目的 :评价阴茎背深静脉包埋术治疗勃起功能障碍 (ED)的疗效。　方法 :对 3例静脉性和 2例动静脉混合性ED病人施行阴茎背深静脉包埋术 ,术后随访疗效。　结果 :术后 2个月首次随访 ,3例静脉性ED病人获得满意性交 ,2例动静脉混合性ED病人基本能勃起 ,口服西地那非 5 0mg后可以完成性交。 5例术后随访 3～ 12个月(平均 7个月 )保持以上疗效。　结论 :阴茎背深静脉包埋术创伤小 ,几乎无并发症 ,是治疗静脉性ED的有效疗法