Do Current Recommendations for Upper Instrumented Vertebra Predict Shoulder Imbalance? An Attempted Validation of Level Selection for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Background

Shoulder balance for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients is associated with patient satisfaction and self-image. However, few validated systems exist for selecting the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) post-surgical shoulder balance.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose is to examine the existing UIV selection criteria and correlate with post-surgical shoulder balance in AIS patients.

Methods

Patients who underwent spinal fusion at age 10–18 years for AIS over a 6-year period were reviewed. All patients with a minimum of 1-year radiographic follow-up were included. Imbalance was determined to be radiographic shoulder height |RSH| ≥ 15 mm at latest follow-up. Three UIV selection methods were considered: Lenke, Ilharreborde, and Trobisch. A recommended UIV was determined using each method from pre-surgical radiographs. The recommended UIV for each method was compared to the actual UIV instrumented for all three methods; concordance between these levels was defined as “Correct” UIV selection, and discordance was defined as “Incorrect” selection.

Results

One hundred seventy-one patients were included with 2.3 ± 1.1 year follow-up. For all methods, “Correct” UIV selection resulted in more shoulder imbalance than “Incorrect” UIV selection. Overall shoulder imbalance incidence was improved from 31.0% (53/171) to 15.2% (26/171). New shoulder imbalance incidence for patients with previously level shoulders was 8.8%.

Conclusions

We could not identify a set of UIV selection criteria that accurately predicted post-surgical shoulder balance. Further validated measures are needed in this area. The complexity of proximal thoracic curve correction is underscored in a case example, where shoulder imbalance occurred despite “Correct” UIV selection by all methods.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-015-9451-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

L3~5节段退变性疾病融合与非融合术式的选择

目的：比较采用动态中和固定系统( Dynesys)及腰椎后路椎间融合术( PLIF)治疗L3~5节段退变疾病的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用 Dynesys 及 PLIF 手术治疗L3~5节段退变疾病患者46例,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,术前、术后3个月及末次随访时腰腿疼痛视觉模拟( VAS)评分、Oswestry 功能障碍指数( ODI)、手术节段及临近节段活动度( ROM)变化。结果46例患者均获随访,Dynesys组平均随访时间(20±7)个月,手术时间(168±19)min,出血量(481±169)ml,术后住院时间(9±2)d,PLIF组平均随访时间(16±6)个月,手术时间(204±20) min,出血量(635±168) ml,术后住院时间(8±2) d;两组患者腰腿痛VAS评分、ODI评分在术后3个月及末次随访时较术前有明显的改善(P<0．05),两组间术前、术后3个月及末次随访时评分差异均无统计学意义。 Dynesys组手术节段术后ROM较术前减低(P<0．05),PLIF组手术节段ROM在术后消失,两组临近节段ROM在术前、术后3个月及末次随访时无明显改变;两组间手术节段ROM在术后3个月及末次随访时差异有统计学意义( P<0．05),临近节段ROM差异无统计学意义。结论在治疗L3~5节段退变疾病时Dynesys和PLIF手术均可取得良好的手术治疗效果,但Dynesys具有较短的手术时间及更少的术中出血量,可保留手术节段一定的活动度,因此在具有相同手术适应症的L3~5节段腰椎退变性患者建议行Dynesys手术治疗。     

椎间撑开解剖复位对于退变性腰椎滑脱症价值的前瞻性比较研究

目的:通过前瞻性研究评价椎间撑开解剖复位对于退变性腰椎滑脱症价值。方法:2006年1月~2009年12月,对56例退变性腰椎滑脱症(II度以上)患者均施行经后路椎体间融合术(poster ior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF),但随机选择是否在术中进行解剖复位的操作,复位组30例,对照组26例,随访时比较两组病例的影像学、JOA功能障碍评分及并发症。结果:56例均获得13~46个月(平均32月)随访。复位组的影像学结果及最终融合率均优于对照组(P<0.01)。末次随访时,两组患者都有较高的JOA功能障碍评分,复位组略优于对照组(P<0.01)。复位组和对照组的并发症发生率分别为10%和23.1%。结论:经后路椎体间融合术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症术中进行解剖复位可以获得更为理想的影像学结果、植骨融合及生活质量。     

三亚市青少年脊柱侧凸畸形患病率调查

目的：了解三亚市中小学生特发型脊柱侧凸畸形(AIS)的患病情况。方法采用横断面研究方法,随机抽查三亚市城乡10所中学10~16岁中学生6952名,其中男生3750名,女生3202名。首先通过观察体检者的肩部和肩胛骨的对称性以及Adams试验筛选出疑似患者。对于AIS疑似患者,进一步采用全脊柱正侧位X射线摄片来明确脊柱侧凸诊断。结果6952名中小学生中共检筛出AIS疑似患者375名(男性191名,女性184名),其中358名疑似患者接受进一步检查,最终明确AIS患者88名(1.27%),男性42名(0.60%),女性46名(0.66%),男、女比率为1：0.91,但二者患病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.39,P>0.05)。结论三亚市公立学校中小学生AIS患病率为1.27%,男女患病率相当。     

成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间行走后矢状面失平衡的动态评估

目的 评估成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间步行前后整体和局部的矢状面影像学参数。方法 回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年6月于海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长征医院就诊的98例成人脊柱侧凸患者,根据行走前矢状面参数将患者分为两组：代偿组（行走前矢状面平衡,矢状面躯干偏移<40 mm且骨盆倾斜角>20°）和失代偿组（行走前矢状面失平衡,矢状面躯干偏移≥ 40 mm且骨盆倾斜角>20°）。步行15 min前后拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,测量脊柱矢状面参数,包括矢状面躯干偏移、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角。比较两组步行15 min前后脊柱矢状面参数,并对每组步行15 min前后矢状面躯干偏移变化值与其余矢状面参数变化值进行相关性分析。结果 代偿组19例,其中女16例、男3例,平均年龄为（64.1±5.9）岁,BMI为（24.2±4.6）kg/m²;失代偿组79例,其中女67例、男12例,平均年龄为（66.7±7.2）岁,BMI为（24.9±5.1）kg/m²,两组患者性别构成比、年龄、BMI差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。步行前,代偿组患者腰椎前凸角大于失代偿组（Z=2.784,P=0.003）,骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角和矢状面躯干偏移均小于失代偿组（Z=1.953,P=0.028;Z=3.815,P<0.01）;两组间骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、胸椎后凸角差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。步行15 min后,两组间骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角、腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角、矢状面躯干偏移差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。与步行前比较,代偿组和失代偿组患者步行15 min后骶骨倾斜角、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角、矢状面躯干偏移均增大（代偿组Z=1.718、P=0.043,Z=2.198、P=0.015,Z=3.875、P<0.01;失代偿组Z=1.842、P=0.031,Z=1.943、P=0.021,Z=2.917、P=0.002）,骨盆倾斜角和腰椎前凸角均减小（代偿组Z=1.639、P=0.047,Z=3.624、P<0.01;失代偿组Z=1.812、P=0.039,Z=3.893、P<0.01）;失代偿组患者步行15 min后胸椎后凸角也较步行前增大（Z=2.287,P=0.012）。代偿组、失代偿组患者步行15 min前后矢状面躯干偏移变化值均与骨盆倾斜角变化值呈负相关（r_s=-0.519、-0.625,P=0.024、0.001）,与骶骨倾斜角变化值、腰椎前凸角变化值、骨盆入射角-腰椎前凸角变化值均呈正相关（代偿组r_s=0.519、0.645、0.645,P均<0.05;失代偿组r_s=0.625、0.407、0.407,P均<0.01）。结论 成人脊柱侧凸患者长时间行走后矢状面平衡的代偿机制逐渐减弱或消失,骨盆及脊柱伸肌肌群的疲劳可能是代偿机制消失的原因。对于初次就诊时矢状面躯干偏移<40 mm、骨盆倾斜角>20°的患者,建议在行走15 min后再次拍摄X线片重新评估是否存在潜在的矢状面失平衡。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸术前柔韧性影响因素及评估方法研究进展

脊柱侧凸柔韧性评估是青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术前常规检查,其对确定融合节段、选择手术入路、预测术后矫形效果等方面都有重要意义。随着矫形理念的革新和内固定矫形器械不断发展,作为以往脊柱侧凸柔韧性评估“金标准”—仰卧位侧屈位法逐渐暴露出重复性差、术后预测准确性低等的缺点。因此,许多学者开始提出新的脊柱柔韧性评估方法。本文主要就青少年特发性脊柱侧凸柔韧性的的影响因素、不同脊柱柔韧性评估方法及评价作一综述,以便更多的脊柱外科医生对其有充分的认识了解,并指导在以后的临床工作中选择合适的评估方法对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸进行柔韧性评估。     

脊柱均匀短缩脊髓轴性减压术治疗脊髓栓系综合征合并脊柱侧凸的疗效分析

目的 探讨脊柱均匀短缩脊髓轴性减压术（HSAD）对脊髓栓系综合征（TCS）合并脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法 回顾性纳入2015年4月至2018年1月在海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长征医院骨科因TCS合并脊柱侧凸行HSAD治疗的6例患者,记录手术时间、术中失血量、并发症等资料。并于术前、术后行尿动力学检查评估逼尿肌反射、括约肌功能、功能膀胱容量和最大尿流率。结果 男3例、女3例,年龄为7~23岁,平均年龄为（15.7±6.9）岁,平均随访时间为（28±9）个月。其中5例患者伴大小便失禁,3例伴足下垂,4例伴下肢肌力下降,1例存在腰痛,1例合并髋关节脱位。6例患者手术时间为180~320 min,平均（261±63）min;术中失血量为650~1 100 mL,平均（925±167）mL。1例腰痛患者术后腰痛症状完全缓解,4例伴下肢肌力下降患者术后下肢肌力均有改善。1例患者因术后未行尿动力学检查未予统计;其余5例患者于术前、术后均接受尿动力学检查,其中4例术前尿道外括约肌过动、1例失调,术后2例尿道外括约肌协调、1例改善、2例过动。术前、术后功能膀胱容量分别为195.0（127.5,233.5）mL、213.0（188.5,251.5）mL,差异无统计学意义（Z=-0.4,P=0.70）。术前最大尿流率、残余尿量分别为7.3（1.4,10.3）mL/s、130（106,200）mL,与术后[10.3（5.6,16.2）mL/s、30（6,174）mL]相比差异均有统计学意义（Z均=-2.0,P均=0.04）。5例患者术后膀胱逼尿肌肌力得到不同程度改善,最大尿流率增加,残余尿减少。结论 TCS合并脊柱侧凸可以通过HSAD一期手术治疗,该手术可同时缓解脊髓轴向张力、矫正脊柱畸形、恢复脊柱和脊髓的协调性。患者术后下肢症状和膀胱功能均得以有效改善,同时避免了脑脊液漏、出血多和神经功能恶化等并发症。     

老年退行性心脏瓣膜病合并心力衰竭临床治疗探析

目的探讨老年退行性心脏瓣膜病合并心力衰竭的临床治疗。方法本次选择60例患者,随机分组就常规治疗(对照组)与加用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(观察组)的预后对比。结果观察组临床总有效率96.7%,明显高于对照组73.3%(P0.05)。结论老年退行性心脏瓣膜病合并心力衰竭采用血管紧张素转换酶抑制治疗,可提高预后,改善心功能,加快病情康复。     

The Prevalence of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Eleven Year-Old Korean Adolescents: A 3 Year Epidemiological Study

Purpose

School screening allows for early detection and early treatment of scoliosis, with the purpose of reducing the number of patients requiring surgical treatment. Children between 10 and 14 years old are considered as good candidates for school screening tests of scoliosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the epidemiological findings of idiopathic scoliosis in 11-year-old Korean adolescents.

Materials and Methods

A total of 37856 11-year-old adolescents were screened for scoliosis. There were 17110 girls and 20746 boys. Adolescents who were abnormal by Moiré topography were subsequently assessed by standardized clinical and radiological examinations. A scoliotic curve was defined as 10° or more.

Results

The prevalence of scoliosis was 0.19% and most of the curves were small (10° to 19°). The ratio of boys to girls was 1:5.5 overall. Sixty adolescents (84.5%) exhibited single curvature. Thoracolumbar curves were the most common type of curve identified, followed by thoracic and lumbar curves.

Conclusion

The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis among 11-year-old Korean adolescents was 0.19%.     

退行性腰椎滑脱症的现代中医研究进展

文章在简要阐述现代中医对退行性腰椎滑脱症的病名、病因病机、中医分型的研究现状基础上,从现代中医治疗方面总结了退行性腰椎滑脱症的现代中医治疗研究进展。文章主要从以下几方面进行综述：现代中医手法治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症、中药治疗、中医针灸治疗、针刀治疗、拔罐、刮痧等其他综合治疗以及中医综合疗法治疗。文章以期为退行性腰椎滑脱症的现代中医治疗提供参考。